• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 1991

An investigation is carried out for the role of topography in governign the mesoscale distribution of $SO_2$ concentration in Seoul. The three dimensional wind fields computed for a given synoptic meteorological condition by an atmospheric mesoscale model in the terrain following coordinate have been employed to compute the three dimensional mesoscale distributions of $SO_2$ concentration by the diffusion model in Seoul area. Terrain may affect the mesoscale distributions of $SO_2$ concentration through its influence on the mesoscale wind fields. This study discusses only the terrain effect on the concentration through its modification of the wind. This effect is to produce higher concentration in lower area according to the structure of divergence fields derived from and atmospheric mesoscale model.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2017

$SF_6$ decomposition products can be used to detect partial discharge (PD), but the metal materials in a PD area can significantly affect $SF_6$ decomposition characteristics. Disregarding the effect of metal materials on such characteristics inevitably result in certain errors when using them to diagnose the internal insulation faults of gas-insulated switchgears. This paper investigates the influence regularity on the main stable decomposition components of $SF_6$ (namely $SO_2F_2$ and $SOF_2$) of the commonly metal materials uesd in GIS, such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS). Firstly, an experimental platform is constructed to simulate $SF_6$ decomposition under a PD area, and the influence regularities of Al, Cu and SS on the concentration, formation rate and saturation time of $SO_2F_2$ and $SOF_2$ are obtained. Secondly, the influence mechanism of Al, Cu and SS are preliminary explored combined with the chemical activity of the metal materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.490-496
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• 2002

The production of E. coli WC7 phytase from a recombinant E. coli strain was optimized using a statistical experimental design approach. Two-level complete factorial designs with seven variables were used for the media optimization. In the first optimization step, the influence of disodium succinate, yeast extract, $K_2HPO_4,\;NH_4H_2PO_4,\;MgSO_4$, NaCl, and trace elements on phytase production was evaluated. As a result, disodium succinate, yeast extract, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, NaCl, and the trace elements were found to have a positive influence on the phytase production, while $K_2HPO_4\;and\;MgSO_4$ had a negative influence. In the second step, the concentrations of disodium succinate and yeast extract were further optimized using central composite designs. The maximum phytase activity obtained was 234 U/ml using 15.9 g/1 disodium succinate, 20 g/1 yeast extract, 5 g/1 K_2HPO_4,\;10 g/1 NH_4H_2PO_4,\;1.5 g/1 MgSO_4$, 4 g/1 NaCl, and 1.5 m1/1 trace elements, which was about a 14-fold increase in comparison with that obtained using the basal medium.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.156-168
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• 1991

The purpose of this paper is to develop a stochastic model for daily sulphur dioxide $(SO_2)$ concentrations prediction in urban area (Seoul). For this, the influence of the meteorological parameters on the $SO_2$ concentrations is investigated by a statistical analysis of the 24-hr averaged $SO_2$ levels of Seoul area during 1989 $\sim$ 1990. The annual fluctuations of the regression trend, periodicity and dependence of the daily concentration are also analyzed. Based on these, a nonlinear regression transfer function model for the prediction of daily $SO_2$ concentrations is derived. A statistical procedure for using the model to predict the concentration level is also proposed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.543-548
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• 1993

Stability and formation of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) phase synthesized in Li2SO4-Na2SO4 molten salts have been investigated. And powder characteristics of PMN have been studied with a variation of processing parameters such as temperature, time, amount of the salts, and excess PbO. More ratio of Li2SO4 to Na2SO4 influences the percentage of perovskite phase due to the difference of the eutectic point of the salts, but does not influence the powder characteristics. The shape of PMN particles shows faceted morphology with bimodal distribution consisting with large and submicron parts. Particle size of PMN increased greatly with increasing soaking time or amount of salts rather than temperature. The addition of excess PbO resulted in round PMN crystallites without submicron particles. These results are discussed by XRD, SEM and thermal analyses.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2003

In a diesel engine, air-fuel mixture formation and ignition delay period have great influence on the performance of engine. Their main factors are combustion chamber shape, fuel injection system. air volume, air flow and so on. So, the combustion process in the cylinder is complex because of many factors which have direct and indirect effects on it. In this study, we take into consideration of scavenging pressure and scavenging temperature that are hewn as the main factor to the combustion process of two-stroke D.1. diesel engine. It is taken a picture of the combustion flame process for combustion chamber of re-entrant type and cylindrical type. So, it is applied to the basis data of combustion chamber design from an image analysis.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

석회를 대치하여 돌로마이트를 $SO_2$ 흡수공정에 사용하는 경우에 대하여 돌로마이트의 조성에 따른 생성물질의 구성 변화에 미치는 열적 효과를 열역학적 산정 방안을 적용해 검토하였다. $SO_2$의 수중 용해 시 흡수공정의 산물인 $CaSO_4$ 및 $MgSO_4$의 형성에 직접적으로 관련되는 반응은 $Ca^{2+}/Ca(OH)_2$ 평형반응과 $Mg^{2+}/Mg(OH)_2$ 평형반응, 그리고 $H_2SO_4$의 2차 해리 반응인 것으로 고려되었다. 돌로마이트의 조성 대비 $CaSO_4$ 및 $MgSO_4$의 구성비의 변화에 미치는 온도의 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 이들 평형반응에 미치는 온도의 효과와 함께 $CaSO_4$와 $MgSO_4$ 생성 반응의 엔탈피 변화를 조사할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 온도 증가 시 Pourbaix Diagram 상에서의 $Ca(OH)_2$ 및 $Mg(OH)_2$ 의 안정영역은 증가하였으며 $Ca^{2+}$ 와 $Ca(OH)_2$ 간의 평형반응은 $Mg^{2+}$ 와 $Mg(OH)_2$ 간의 평형반응에 비해 온도의 영향을 더욱 크게 받는 것으로 파악되었다. Ca와 Mg, 그리고 $H_2SO_4$의 수중 평형반응들에 대한 열적 특성에 의거하여 온도가 상승함에 따라 $CaSO_4$ 및 $MgSO_4$의 생성량은 감소될 것으로 예상되었다. 돌로마이트에 포함된 칼슘과 마그네슘의 조성 대비 $CaSO_4$와 $MgSO_4$의 생성비는 동일한 온도 조건에서 더 큰 값을 보이는 것으로 파악되었으며 돌로마이트 중의 칼슘 함량이 증대될수록 온도 상승에 따른 $CaSO_4$와 $MgSO_4$의 생성비의 감소는 상대적으로 작아지는 것으로 검토되었다. 또한, 돌로마이트에 포함된 칼슘 성분의 함량 증가에 따라 돌로마이트의 조성과 비교한 생성물질의 구성비의 변화정도는 감소되는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.527-534
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• 1993

The phenomena that excess sulfate hindred the C3S formation in the presence of clinker liquid phase were investigated. In the case of (NH4)2SO4, assuming SO3 atmospheric condition, sulfate stabilized C2S and was enriched at the surface of C2S grains, so C2S was prevented from being dissolved into clinker melt. CaSO4 showed the similar aspect with (NH4)2SO4, however, the prevention of C3S formation by CaSO4 took more influence that C2AS and C4A3 were formed below 100$0^{\circ}C$, and remained upto clinkering temperature, 145$0^{\circ}C$, thus these intermediate phases caught CaO which would participate the C3S formation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

Setschenow constants of six alkali and alkaline earth metal-based electrolytes (i.e., NaCl, KCl, CaCl$_2$, K$_2$SO$_4$, Na$_2$SO$_4$, NaClO$_4$) for three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (i.e., naphthalene, pyrene, and perylene) were investigated to evaluate the influence of a variety of inorganic salts on the aqueous solubility of PAHs. Inorganic salts showed a wide range of K$\_$s/ values (L/mol), ranging from 0.1108 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.6680 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for naphthalene, 0.1071 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.7355 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for pyrene, and 0.1526 (NaClO$_4$) to 0.8136 (Na$_2$SO$_4$) for perylene. In general, the salting out effect of metal cations decreased in the order of Ca$\^$2+/>Na$\^$+/>K$\^$+/. The effect of SO$_4$$\^$2-/>Cl$\^$-/>ClO4$\^$-/ was observed for anions of inorganic salts. The K$\_$s/ values decreased in the order of perylene>pyrene>naphthalene for K$_2$SO$_4$. However, the order of decreasing salting out effect for NaCl, KCl, CaCl$_2$, and NaClO$_4$ was perylene>naphthalene>pyrene. Hydration free energy of the 1:1 and 2:1 alkali and alkaline earth metal-based inorganic salts solution was observed to have a meaningful correlation with Setschenow constants. Thermodynamic interactions between PAH molecules and salt solution can be of importance in determining the magnitude of salting out effect for PAHs at a given salt solution.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This study was aimed to investigate the influence on the vicinity by air pollutant generated from facility of the district heating located in local small town. We selected the seven areas arround the surroundings of facility of the district heating, compared the air quality evaluated before and after operations of the facility, and estimated the diffusion of air pollutant exhausted from the facility using a ISC model. The result was that the concentration of TSP before and after operations of the facility was 89${\sim}$94${\mu}$g/m$^3$,and 72${\sim}$81${\mu}$g/m$^3$, respectively and the latter showed a decline in concentration. Also, there was no relationship between straight distance from the facility of the district heating and the concentration of TSP. This result was applicable to cases of PM-10 and SO$_2$. We also investigated the influence on the air around the neighbored area by air pollutant produced from facility of the district heating using ISCLT3 model. The adding-concentrations of TSP, SO$_2$,NO$_2$, and CO were 0.0019${\sim}$0.00183${\mu}$g/m$^3$, 0.0029${\sim}$0.5648ppb, 0.2924${\sim}$l.9837ppb,and 0.0087${\sim}$0.0590ppb, respectively. It is predicted that each concentration is added to pollutant exhausted from facility of the district heating and is about 1/100${\sim}$1/180,000 of present air quality. This has a tiny influence on general air quality. According to this analysis, the concentration of air pollutant is less effected to pollutants expected by the facility of the district heating than other pollutants emitted from mobil source or industrial complex, and etc.