• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1649-1656
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• 2015

Gene expression profiling has offered new insights into postmortem molecular changes associated with meat quality. To acquire reliable transcript quantification, high quality RNA is required. The objective of this study was to analyze integrity of RNA isolated from chicken skeletal muscle (pectoralis major) and its capability of serving as the template in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a function of postmortem intervals representing the end-points of evisceration, carcass chilling and aging stages in chicken abattoirs. Chicken breast muscle was dissected from the carcasses (n = 6) immediately after evisceration, and one-third of each sample was instantly snap-frozen and labeled as 20 min postmortem. The remaining muscle was stored on ice until the next rounds of sample collection (1.5 h and 6 h postmortem). The delayed postmortem duration did not significantly affect $A_{260}/A_{280}$ and $A_{260}/A_{230}$ ($p{\geq}0.05$), suggesting no altered purity of total RNA. Apart from a slight decrease in the 28s:18s ribosomal RNA ratio in 1.5 h samples (p<0.05), the value was not statistically different between 20 min and 6 h samples ($p{\geq}0.05$), indicating intact total RNA up to 6 h. Abundance of reference genes encoding beta-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (PPIA) and TATA box-binding protein (TBP) as well as meat-quality associated genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) were investigated using qPCR. Transcript abundances of ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT, and PPIA were significantly different among all postmortem time points (p<0.05). Transcript levels of PDK4 and PPARD were significantly reduced in the 6 h samples (p<0.05). The findings suggest an adverse effect of a prolonged postmortem duration on reliability of transcript quantification in chicken skeletal muscle. For the best RNA quality, chicken skeletal muscle should be immediately collected after evisceration or within 20 min postmortem, and rapidly preserved by deep freezing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3651-3657
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• 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a relatively higher incidence in many countries of Asia. Globally, HCC has a high fatality rate and short survival. Epirubicin, a doxorubicin analogue, may be administered alone or in combination with other agents to treat primary liver cancer and metastatic diseases. However, the toxic effects of epirubicin to normal tissues and cells have been one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of epirubicin in combination with kappa-selenocarrageenan on mice with H22 implanted tumors and HepG-2 cell proliferation, immune organ index, morphology, cell cycle and related protein expressions in vivo and in vitro with sequential drug exposure. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth in vivo was calculated. Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT assay, and the King's principle was used to evaluate the interaction of drug combination. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 were detected by Western blotting. In vivo results demonstrated that the inhibitory rate of EPI combined with KSC was higher than that of KSC or EPI alone, and the Q value indicated an additive effect. In addition, KSC could significantly raise the thymus and spleen indices of mice with H22 implanted tumors. In the drug sensitivity assay in vitro, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously was more effective than exposure sequentially in HepG-2 cells, while exposure to KSC prior to EPI was more effective than exposure to EPI prior to KSC. Q values showed an additive effect in the simultaneous group and antagonistic effects in the sequential groups. Morphological analysis showed similar results to the drug sensitivity assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that exposure to KSC or EPI alone arrested the cells in S phase in HepG-2 cells, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously caused accumulation in the S phase, an effect caused by either KSC or EPI. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 protein was down-regulated following exposure to KSC and EPI alone or in combination, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously resulting in the lowest values. Taken together, our findings suggest that KSC in combination with EPI might have potential as a new therapeutic regimen against HCC.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze phosphate adsorption characteristic of the filter media applied in water purification technology. And it is also to observe the removal efficiency of the technology that was developed by combining the purification abilities of filter media and the vegetation mat. The filter media, Adphos, is the subject of this study. The result of adsorption test shows that $PO_4{^{3-}-P}$ adsorption characteristics of Adphos is determined by the Langmuir isotherm model fitting and the $q_m$ (maximum adsorption amount) value is calculated as 1.162 mg/g. To verify the removal efficiency of the purification technology, a lab-scale reactor, including a 400 mm depth of filter bed filled by Adphos, was manufactured. Yellow flag Iris (Iris pseudacours L.) was planted on the vegetation bed and the coir-roll was used to fix the root of vegetation. The reactor ran 8 hours per day over 71 days, and the results of filtration experiment show that average removal efficiency of SS, T-N and T-P were calculated as 94%, 41% and 64% respectively. With these results, it was proved that the purification technology is highly effective. And for the long-time use, a maintenance guide is also required.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

This study reviewed mineral composition on Scoria samples of this area, atomic value state of oxidized steel, and magnetic property in order to look into characteristics of scoria that was distributed in southern area of mountainous areas, Halla Mt. of Jeju Island. By XRD analysis, mineral composition was confirmed, and characteristics of iron compounds existed in samples were investigated through $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscope. Composing minerals could be learnt as feldspar basalt from XRD analysis because composting minerals were composed of quartz and feldspar anorite mainly, and iron compounds were made up with olivine, pyroxene, ilmenite, hematite, and magnetite. By $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscope analysis on these iron compounds. it consisted of hematite and magnetite which showed hyperfine magnetic field of sextet mostly, and also doublet by olivine, pyroxene, ilmenite could be seen as appearing together. As a result of comparing with samples of Jeju western area having been announced in previous research, I.S. and Q.S. values of olivine, $Fe^{2+}$, were 122 mm/s and 3.09~3.13 mm/s respectively, and a fact could be known that $Fe^{2+}$ olivine having similar structure each other was contained, and the ratio of $Fe^{3+}/Fe_{tot.}$. was 85.90~92.82 %. From these findings, it was able to be presumed that they belonged to samples having been formed on the land at the same period of time. As a result of investigating area ratio of tetrahedron (A site) and octahedron (B site) regarding magnetite in samples, it was turn out to be 0.22~0.55 less than 2.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2016

This research was conducted for understanding the evergreen forest community structure of the Bijin Island. The island was worth of vegetational value because of the representative warm temperate species such as Castanopsis cuspidata was distribute there. According to the results of community classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, the Bijin Island evergreen forest were classified by 9 communities, such as C. cuspidata, C. cuspidata-Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea-Camellia japonica, Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus serrata-Decidus broad-leaved, Alnus firma, P. thunbergii. Due to the C. cuspidata, N. sericea, Ca. japonica etc. were still dominated at canopy and under-canopy layer, so the evergreen forest will be sustain current conditions for a while if there is no artificial disturbances that were caused by human. Pl. strobilacea community will be expected to replace N. sericea and also Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved community will be changing caused by mutual competition. Normally, in the way of the succession process of the warm temperate forest, P. thunbergii will be expect via deciduous broad-leaved to evergreen forest such as Machilus thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, and N. sericea. In case of species diversity index, P. thunbergii comm.(1.2739), Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.2325), Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.1807), and A. firma comm.(1.0854) are relatively high, while C. cuspidata and N. sericea-Ca. japonica that was dominated by evergreen species at canopy layer and P. thunbergii that was damaged by fire are relatively low(0.7380~0.8416). Soil pH was 4.72~6.33, electric conductance was 0.035~0.128dS/m, and content of organic matter was 3.4~17.4%.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.120-125
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• 2008

In this study, NiCoZn ferrites with the variation of sintering temperature and chemical composition were prepared by the coprecipitation. Microstructures Crystal structure of NiCoZn ferrites were analyzed by XRD and their electric magnetic characteristics were analyzed by LCR meter and their morphology observed by SEM. We identified that these powders have a typical NiCoZn spinel structure and nanoparticles average size of 40 nm. The impurity, the initial permeability and the Q factor value are the lowest of sintered NiCoZn ferrite at $1250^{\circ}C$. Also, we measured S-parameter for $(Ni_{0.4}Co_{0.1}Zn_{0.5})Fe_2O_4$ which showed a maximum reflection loss of -3.1 dB at 6 GHz for the 2 mm thick sample. From this result, we found that the NiCoZn ferrite can be used in ferrite microwave-absorbing application at a higher frequency region (> 6 GHz).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2016

A rapid increase of data amount, used in ship-to-ship transmission of safety and logistics information, ships in the inland sea have trouble transmitting real-time information transmission due to an increase in traffic load caused by data transmitted by land station and offshore ships. In this study, therefore, communication is carried out by adaptively controlling the detailed beam width based on the distribution of offshore ships in land station durable in marine environment. Then after the adaptive sector system enabling real-time communication support between ships concentrated in an inland sea and land station is applied, the performance verification is conducted based on the respective Call Blocking Rates of an omnidirectional antenna, fisted sector system, and adaptive sector system. The performance verification result shows that adaptive sector system has better performance than the fixed sector system as the density of ship, q value, increases, and that the smaller the beam width is, the better performance of adaptive sector system will be.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2016

In order to delineate the soft ground distribution, an integrated geostatistical analysis was performed using the MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave) which has the information of overall region and CPTu (Piezo Cone Penetration Test) which provides the direct information of the measuring point of the ground. MASW results were known to have close relationship with the ground stiffness. This correlation was confirmed through the comparison of MASW data obtained from two survey lines to the laboratory test with extracted soil samples. 3D physical property distribution in the study area was acquired by geostatistical integrated analysis with the data of tip resistance ($q_c$) and pore pressure (u) from the CPTu obtained at 6 points within the study area. The integrated analysis was conducted by applying the COSGSIM (Sequential Gaussian Co-Simulation) technology which can carry out the simulation in accordance with the spatial correlation between the MASW results and both tip resistance and pore pressure. Besides the locations of CPTu, borehole investigations were also conducted at two different positions. As a result, the N value of SPT and borehole log could be secured, so these data were used for the analysis of the geotechnical engineering accuracy of the integrated analysis result. For the verification of reliability of the 3D distribution of tip resistance and pore pressure secured through integrated analysis, the geotechnical information gained from the two drilling areas was compared, and the result showed extremely high correlation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2019

In this study, an active element pattern (AEP) of a printed dipole was analyzed in 1D and 2D arrays. First, an AEP of the printed dipole was obtained using the simulation in the 2D infinite array. The scan blindness in the 2D array occurred in the E-plane direction at around ${\pm}36^{\circ}$; however, it was barely observed in the 1D array. To analyze the cause of the scan blindness in the 2D array, the dispersion properties of a unit cell was obtained and compared with the scan blindness by frequency change. The difference between the scan blindness of the 1D and 2D arrays was clarified using the comparison of the Q value in the unit cell in the 1D and 2D arrays. Then, the coupling of the electric field in the E-plane direction was observed when nine elements were separated between the two ports in a linearly arranged dipole structure. Finally, the printed dipole array was fabricated, and an AEP was measured for the $11{\times}1$ and $11{\times}3$ sub arrays. The proposed theory was verified using these observations and by comparison with the simulation results.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

In this study an optimization of the preparation conditions of activated carbon with a ternary metal ion material to treat $H_2S$, which is classified as a representative odor substance, was carried out. For a metal ion material for enhancing the adsorption performance of hydrogen sulfide, performance enhancement was confirmed by combining Li and Fe or a ternary combination (K, Li, Fe) based on KI, which is a substance promoting hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance. Also, it was determined by XRD analysis that the reaction of each active substance with $H_2S$ was because of binding. The adsorption performance increased more than 3 times with heat treatment of the adsorbent with nitrogen compared with heat treatment with air. The maximum adsorption constant ($q_m$) value of the optimum adsorbent was 97.07, which is 6 times higher than that of the existing K-based impregnated activated carbon. It was confirmed that the objective adsorption amount ($0.3g\;g^{-1}$) was secured by an equilibrium between the mass transfer rate and adsorption rate. From the results, it was confirmed that the performance improvement was noticeable even when activated carbon with a reagent grade activated carbon particle size was modified. It was confirmed that the adsorption performance exists at high relative humidity levels of 60 and 100%, and the optimized preparation can be applied to a wet process such as a scrubber downstream.