Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Plant Community Structure Characteristic of the Evergreen Forest, Bijindo

비진도 상록활엽수림의 식물군집구조 특성

  • Lee, Soo-Dong (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Gyeongnam National Uni. of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Seok (Dept. of Bio Environmental Energy, Pusan National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Jeong (Dept. of Eco-safty, Bureau of Conservation Ecology, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kang, Hyun-Kyung (Dept. of Environmental Landscape Architecture, Sangmyung Univ.)
  • 이수동 (경남과학기술대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 김지석 (부산대학교 바이오환경에너지학과) ;
  • 김미정 (국립생태원 위해생물연구부) ;
  • 강현경 (상명대학교 환경조경학과)
  • Received : 2016.02.22
  • Accepted : 2016.04.19
  • Published : 2016.04.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research was conducted for understanding the evergreen forest community structure of the Bijin Island. The island was worth of vegetational value because of the representative warm temperate species such as Castanopsis cuspidata was distribute there. According to the results of community classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, the Bijin Island evergreen forest were classified by 9 communities, such as C. cuspidata, C. cuspidata-Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea-Camellia japonica, Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus serrata-Decidus broad-leaved, Alnus firma, P. thunbergii. Due to the C. cuspidata, N. sericea, Ca. japonica etc. were still dominated at canopy and under-canopy layer, so the evergreen forest will be sustain current conditions for a while if there is no artificial disturbances that were caused by human. Pl. strobilacea community will be expected to replace N. sericea and also Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved community will be changing caused by mutual competition. Normally, in the way of the succession process of the warm temperate forest, P. thunbergii will be expect via deciduous broad-leaved to evergreen forest such as Machilus thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, and N. sericea. In case of species diversity index, P. thunbergii comm.(1.2739), Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.2325), Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.1807), and A. firma comm.(1.0854) are relatively high, while C. cuspidata and N. sericea-Ca. japonica that was dominated by evergreen species at canopy layer and P. thunbergii that was damaged by fire are relatively low(0.7380~0.8416). Soil pH was 4.72~6.33, electric conductance was 0.035~0.128dS/m, and content of organic matter was 3.4~17.4%.

본 연구는 모밀잣밤나무 등이 분포하여 식생학적 가치가 높은 비진도 상록활엽수림의 식물군집구조 특성을 파악하고자 진행하였다. TWINSPAN과 DCA에 의한 군락분류 결과, 모밀잣밤나무군락, 모밀잣밤나무-곰솔군락, 참식나무-동백나무군락, 굴피나무군락, 졸참나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 사방오리나무군락, 곰솔군락으로 구분되었다. 상록활엽수림은 교목층과 아교목층에서 모밀잣밤나무, 참식나무, 동백나무의 세력이 우세하여 인위적인 간섭에 의한 교란이 없다면 당분간 현상태를 유지할 것이다. 굴피나무군락은 상록활엽수인 참식나무에 의해, 졸참나무-낙엽활엽수군락은 상호경쟁에 의해 식생의 변화가 예상되었다. 난대림의 일반적인 천이경향은 곰솔, 낙엽활엽수를 거쳐 후박나무, 구실잣밤나무, 참식나무 등 상록활엽수림으로 진행되는 것을 예측하고 있는 바, 비진도의 곰솔, 낙엽활엽수 우점지역도 장기적으로 이들 수종으로 천이가 진행될 것이다. 종다양도는 곰솔자연림군락(1.2739), 졸참나무-낙엽활엽수군락(1.2325), 낙엽활엽수군락(1.1807), 사방오리나무군락(1.0854)이 높은 반면에, 상록활엽수가 우점하는 모밀잣밤나무군락, 참식나무-동백나무군락, 곰솔 산불피해지 군락은 0.7380~0.8416으로 낮았다. 토양산도(pH)는 4.72~6.33, 전기전도도는 34.5~127.9uS/cm, 유기물함량은 3.4~17.4%이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Brower, J. E and J. H. Zar(1977) Field and laboratory methods for general ecology. Wm. C. Brown Company.
  2. Cattadori, I. M., D. T. Haydo and P. L. Hudson(2005) Parasites and climate synchronize red grouse populations. Nature 433: 737-741. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03276
  3. Choi, B.K.(2013) A study of plant sociology on evergreen forest at warm weather. Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference 22:402-407.
  4. Curtis, J. T. and R. P. McIntosh(1951) An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest boarder region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32: 476-498 https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  5. Devi, L.S. and P.S. Yadava(2006) Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of tropical semievergreen forest of Manipur, north east India. Tropical Ecology 47(1): 89-98.
  6. Enoki, T. and A. Abe(2004) Saplings Distribution in Relation to Topography and Canopy Openness in an Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest. Plant Ecology 173(2): 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000029336.80225.f0
  7. Federici, F. and S. Pignatti(1991) The warmth index of Kira for the interpretation of vegetation belts in Italy and SW. Australia two regions with mediterranean type bioclimates. Vegetatio 93(2): 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033203
  8. Geldenhuys, C.J. and B. Murray(1993) Floristic and structural composition of Hanglip forest in the South Pansberg, Northern Transvaal. South African Forestry Journal 165: 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1993.9629384
  9. Han, B.H., J.Y. Kim, I.T. Choi and K.J. Lee(2007) Vegetation structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.), Jeju-do, Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 21(4): 336-346. (in Korean with English summary)
  10. Hattori T., S.H. Ishida, S. Kodane and N. Minamiyama(2002) The characteristics of lucidophyllous forest flora and conditions endangering them in Japan. J JILA 65(5): 609-614. (in Japanese with English summary)
  11. Hill, M.O.(1979) TWINSPAN-A FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Ithaca, NY: Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, 90pp.
  12. Jung, T.H. and W.C. Lee(1965) The Korean forest vegetation zone and theory of the suitable tree on a site tree. Jour. of SungKyunKwan University. pp. 329-435. (in Korean with English summary)
  13. Kil, B.S. and J.U. Kim(1999) Syntaxonomy of evergreen broad-leaved forests in Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 17(3): 233-247. (in Korean with English summary)
  14. Kim, C.H., K.S. Lee and K.H. Park(1982) An Ecological study on the flora of Bijin Island. Korean. J. Ecology 5(4): 164-175. (in Korean with English summary)
  15. Kim, H.D., J.H. Lee, H.L. Kim and E.H. Lee(2013) Soil Characteristics of Some Evergreen Forest Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 31 (SUPPL. II) 142-143. (in Korean with English summary)
  16. Kim, I.T., T.H. Park and J.E. Choi(2005) An Ecological study on the vegetation of Bijin and Yongcho islets. Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 28(4): 223-230. (in Korean with English summary)
  17. Kim, J.H., D.S. Cho, K.J. Cho and B.M. Min(1984) An ecological study on the evergreen broadleaved forest of Jisimdo. Korean Journal of Botany 27(2): 51-60. (in Korean with English summary)
  18. Kim, J.U. and B.S. Kil(2000) The Mongolian oak forest in Korea. Wonkwang University Press, 511pp. (in Korean)
  19. Kim, S.S. and K.W. Park(1982) An Investigation on the distribution of vascular plants at Bijin Island. J. Inst. Agr. Res. Util. 16: 25-33. (in Korean with English summary)
  20. Kim, Y.S. and K.K. Oh(1996) Restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests in warm temperate region(III)-rare, endangered and naturalized plants-. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 10(1): 128-139. (in Korean with English summary)
  21. Koo, K.A., W.S. Kong and C.K. Kim(2001) Distribution of evergreen broad-leaved plants and climatic factors. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 36(3): 247-257. (in Korean with English summary)
  22. Kwak, J.I., K.J. Lee, B.H. Han, J.H. Song and J.S. Jang(2013) A study on the vegetation structure of evergreen broad‐leaved forest Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) in Jejudo, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 27(2): 241-252. (in Korean with English summary)
  23. Lee, J.H., H.J. Kwon, Y. Hwang, M.Y. Kim, C.H. Lee and H.K. Song(2010) Vegetation structures of Warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gageodo, Korea. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 13(6): 75-86. (in Korean with English summary)
  24. Lee, S.J. and Y.H. Ahn(2011) Studies of vegetation structure analysis and anticipation of vegetation change due to global warming on secondary forest in ecotone. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 25(3) : 365-377. (in Korean with English summary)
  25. Lee, S.J. and Y.H. Ahn(2013) Change prediction for vegetation structure, species diversity and Life-form of evergreen broad-leaved forest by climate change in Gageo-Do Island, KoreaJournal of Environmental Science International 22(8): 979-997. (in Korean with English summary) https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2013.22.8.979
  26. Miura, M. and S.I. Yamamoto(2003) Structure and dynamics of a Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii population in an old-growth, evergreen, broad-leaved forest: The importance of sprout regeneration. Ecological Research 18: 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00540.x
  27. Nakao, K., T. Matsui, M. Horikawa, I. Tsuyama and N. Tanaka(2011) Assessing the impact of land use and climate change on the evergreen broad-leaved species of Quercus acuta in Japan. Plant Ecology 212(2): 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-010-9817-7
  28. National Academy of Agriculteral Science(2000) Analysis Method Soil and Plants. Rural Development Administration, 202pp. (in Korean)
  29. National Institute of Environmental Research(2010) Korean Climate Change Assessment Report 2010. (eds. S. Lee, Y. Hong, C.-G. Song, J. A. Yu, and S.-Y. Kim), 186pp. Incheon, Korea. (in Korean)
  30. Novick, K.A., A.C. Oishi, E.J. Ward, M.B.S. Siqueira, J.Y. Juang and P.C. Stoy(2015) On the difference in the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between deciduous and evergreen forests in the southeastern United States. Global Change Biology 21: 827-842. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12723
  31. Oh, K.K(1994) Plant community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest in (Mt.) Pulgapsan, Korea. Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 8(1): 30-43. (in Korean with English summary)
  32. Oh, K.K. and W. Cho(1994) Plant community structure of warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hongdo, Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 80(1): 27-42. (in Korean with English summary)
  33. Oh, K.K. and W.K. Choi(2007) Monitoring on evergreen broad-leaved forest restoration in Dadohaehaesang National Park. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 21(5): 449-455. (in Korean with English summary)
  34. Oh, K.K. and Y.G. Jee(1995) Plant community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mt. Turyunsan, Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 9(1): 30-43. (in Korean with English summary)
  35. Oh, K.K. and Y.S. Kim(1993) Vegetational structure and successional sere of warm temperate evergreen forest region, Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 16(4): 459-476. (in Korean with English summary)
  36. Oh, K.K. and Y.S. Kim(1996) Restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forest in warm temperate region(I)-vegetational structure-. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 10(1): 87-102. (in Korean with English summary)
  37. Park, I.H(1985) A study on Forest Structure and Biomas in Baegwoonsan Natural Ecosystem. Seoul National University Graduate School Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. pp. 42. (in Korean with English summary)
  38. Pielou, E. C.(1975) Mathematical ecology. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 385pp
  39. Purvis, A. and A. Hector(2000) Getting the measure of biodiversity. Nature 405: 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012221
  40. Riswan, S. and L. Hartanti(1995) Human impacts on tropical forest dynamics. Vegetatio 121(1/2): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044671
  41. Sherry, R. A., X. H. Zhou, S. L. Gu, J. A. Amone, D. S. Schimel, P. S. Verburg, L. L. Wallace and Y. Q. Luo(2007) Divergence or reproductive phenology under climate warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 104: 198-202. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605642104
  42. Sim, H.B. and W. Kim(1996) Dynamics of the plant community structure and soil properties in the burned and unburned areas of the Mt. Cholye-san. Korean J. Ecol. 19(5): 417-430.
  43. Song, K., Q. Yu, K. Shang, T. Yang and L. Da(2011) The spatio- temporal pattern of historical disturbances of an evergreen broadleaved forest inEast China: a dendroecological analysis. Plant Ecology 212(8): 1313-1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-011-9907-1
  44. Tang, C.Q., T. Li and X. Zhu(2007) Structure and regeneration dynamics of three subtropical midmontane moist evergreen broadleaved forests in southwestern China, with special reference to bamboo in the forest understories. Can. J. For. Res. 37: 2701-2714. https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-101
  45. Whittaker, R.H.(1956) Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecol. Monogra. 26: 1-80. https://doi.org/10.2307/1943577
  46. Woo, B.M. and T.H. Kwon(1983) Effects of forest fire on the forest vegetation and soil(I)-the first year's results after fire at Mt. Gwanag-. Jour. Korean For. Soc. 62: 43-52. (in Korean with English summary)
  47. World Conservation Monitoring Centre(1992) Global Biodiversity : Status of the earth's livilng resources. Chapman & Hall p.585. www.tongyeong.go.kr
  48. Yim, Y.J(1977a) Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korea peninsula; III. Distribution of tree species along the thermal gradient. Jpn. J. Ecol. 27: 177-189.
  49. Yim, Y.J(1977b) Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korea peninsula; IV. Zonal distribution of forest vegetation in relation to thermal gradient. Jpn. J. Ecol. 27: 269-278.
  50. Yim, Y.J. and T. Kira(1975) Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korea peninsula; II. Distribution of some indices of thermal climate. Jpn. J. Ecol. 25: 77-88.
  51. Yim, Y.J. and T. Kira(1976) Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korea peninsula; II. Distribution of climatic humidity/ aridity. Jpn. J. Ecol. 26: 157-164.
  52. Yim, Y.J., J.U. Kim, N.J. Lee, Y.B. Kim and K.S. Paek(1990) Phytosociological classification of plant communities on Mt. Halla National Park, Korea. Korean J. Ecol. 13(2): 101-130. (in English with Korean summary)
  53. Yun, J.H., J.H. Kim, K.H. Oh and B.Y. Lee(2011) Distributional Change and Climate Condition of Warm-temperate Evergreen Broad-leaved Trees in Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 25(1): 47-56. (in Korean with English summary)