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표고버섯분말 첨가가 우육의 연도 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Letinus edodes Powder on Tenderness and Sensory Characteristics of Beef)

  • 김호경;한혜영
    • 한국조리학회지
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    • 제23권7호
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of proteolytic enzymes in Letinus edodes powder which has the ratio of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% on the tenderness and sensory characteristics of beef. Beef eye of rounds were marinated in distilled water (Control), 2% L. edodes (L2), 4% L. edodes (L4), and 8% L. edodes (L8). As a result, the enzyme activities have shown to have higher activity (p<0.001) as the amount of freeze-dried Letinus edodes powder increased. The pH and color of the meat were slightly different between the C (control) group and the sample groups. The cooking loss showed the lowest value of control (p<0.01), and water holding capacity showed the highest value of L8. Furthermore, the sample groups exhibited lower shear force values compared with the control (p<0.05). L4 and L8 showed muscle proteolytic effects compared with the control. In case of sensory evaluation, L4 showed significantly higher values in terms of color (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.01), taste (p<0.01), tenderness (p<0.01), juiciness (p<0.01), and overall acceptance (p<0.01). Based on the results, this study conclude that adding of 4% around freeze-dried Letinus edodes powder may be the best optimization ratio for sensory character and tenderization of the beef.

Effects of Avocado Yoghurt, Three Beans Cookie, and Tiger Nut Galsu Drink on Fibroblasts (Hs68) and Keratinocytes (HaCaT)

  • Park, Seung-Yong;Jung, Eun-Kyung;Joo, Nami;Shin, Hyun-Soo;Shin, Ji-Sun;Myoung, Da-Bin;Lee, Kyung-Tae
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.136-153
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    • 2019
  • The present study aimed to investigate the effects of skin care foods on the synthesis of pro-collagen type I C peptide and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 secretion through an in vitro study using fibroblasts (Hs68 cells) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Among the three skin care foods developed in this study, three beans cookie and avocado yoghurt influenced the production of pro-collagen type I C peptide and suppressed MMP-1 secretion; however, tiger nut Galsu drink did not exhibit these effects. All skin care foods, including three beans cookie and plain yoghurt ($50{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.001) influenced the suppression of MMP-1 in addition to other commercially available breast milk production support foods examined, such as Heath Heather ($50{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.001), Happy Mama ($50{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.01), BioLys ($50{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.001), Enfamama ($25{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.0001), and Pregnagen ($25{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.001). Avocado fruit yoghurt ($25{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.05), avocado fruit jam yoghurt ($50{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.01), Enfamama ($100{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.05), and Pregnagen ($100{\mu}g/mL$, p<0.05) influenced the production of pro-collagen type I C peptide and suppressed MMP-1 secretion. This result indicates that only avocado jam yoghurt significantly influenced both the prevention of skin keratinization and acceleration of recovery of skin fibrous structure. Therefore, avocado is a favorable ingredient for nutrition-balanced dietary foods or an essential ingredient in products for revitalization of human skin.

Subcloning and Sequencing of Maize rbcL Promoter Region

  • Woong-Seop Sim
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 1995
  • pRLYS1 containing intact rbcL gene of maize (Zea mays L. cv Golden X Bantam T-51; Zm-A) was digested with several restriction enzymes to construct subcones carrying promoter region of rbcL. The DNA fragments of 0.20, 0.19, 0.92 and 1.55 kb among the EcoRI digests, the EcoRI-DdeI digests, the AvaI digests and the EcoRI-BamHI digests of pRLYS1 were subcloned into pBluscriptSK+and named pRLPS2, pRLPS3, pRLPS14 and pRLPS35, respectively. Four subclones contain the 1.92 kb portion from 136 nucleotide downstream to 1780 nucleotide upstream from the ATG initiation codon of rbcL gene. pRLPS2 (-29 to -229) and pRLPS3 (-239 to -420 from the ATG) were sequenced. When nucleotide sequence of Zm-A was compared with sequence of rbcL promoter region of a different cultivar of maize (Zea mays L. cv WFG TMS X BS7; Zm-B), the difference rate between two cultivars was 4.3%. The mean of sequence divergence between Zm-A and three grass species in the same tribe, Andropogoneae, in the upstream region from 29 to 420 of ATG was 1.8%, whereas between Zm-B and above-mentioned three species was 5.4%. Therefore, Zm-A seems to evolutionarily closer to three other species in Andropogoneae tribe than Zm-B is.

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Anticancer Agent인 Methotrexate에 대한 새로운 합성 연구 (A New Synthetic Studies on Anticancer Agent Methotrexate)

  • 유의경;류성렬
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.136-140
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    • 1993
  • 새로운 methotrexate 중간체인 diethyl N-[4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-yl)methyl]-amino}benzoyl]-L-glutamate(10)를 합성하기 위하여 p-nitrobenzoic acid를 chlorination한 다음 L-glutamic acid와 coupling하고 이를 esterification한 후, 환원과 methylation시켜 diethyl N-(4-methylaminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate(7)를 합성하였다. 이 화합물(7)을 DMF 존재하에서 NaH와 allyl chloride를 가하여 allylation한 다음 여기에 $IN_3$ addition 반응으로 diethyl-p-[N-(2-azido-3-iodopropyl)-N-methyl]aminobenzoyl-L-glutamate(9)를 합성하였다. 이 화합물(9)을 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine hydrochloride와 cyclization시켜 methotrexate diethylester를 얻었다.

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Synthesis of Nucleophilic Adducts of Thiols (Ⅰ). Addition of Cysteine to $\beta$-Nitrostyrene Derivatives

  • Kim, Tae-Rin;Choi, Sung-Yong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.125-129
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    • 1981
  • The addition reactions of cysteine without blocking amino and carboxyl groups to substituted and unsubstituted ${\beta}$-nitro-styrene derivatives were investigated. ${\beta}$-Nitrostyrene(1a), p-methyl-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene(1b), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-$[\beta}$ -nitrostyrene(1c), $[\varpi}$-3,4-methylenedioxy-${\beta}$ -nitrostyrene(1d), o-, m- and p-chloro-${\beta}$ -nitrostyrene (1e, 1f, 1g) and o-, m- and p-methoxy-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1h, 1i, 1j) easily undergo addition reactions with cysteine to form S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine(3a), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methyl)phenyl-ethyl]-L-cysteine(3b), S-[2-nitro-1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy) phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3c), S-[2-nitro-1-($[\vatpi}$ -3',4'-methylenedioxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3d), S-[2-nitro-1-(o-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3e), S-[2-nitro-1-(m-chloro)-phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3f), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3g), S-[2-nitro-1-(o-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3h), S-[2-nitro-1-(m-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3i) and S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3j), respectively. The structure of adducts were confirmed by means of UV-spectrum, IR-spectrum, molecular weight measurement and elemental analysis. The various factors effecting the yield of cysteine adducts to ${\beta}$-nitrostyrene derivatives were also studied.

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS IN ℝn

  • Lai, Baishun;Luo, Qing;Zhou, Shuqing
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.431-447
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    • 2011
  • We investigate the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions to the elliptic equation (0.1) ${\Delta}u+|x|^{l_1}u^p+|x|^{l_2}u^q=0$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We obtain a conclusion that, for n $\geq$ 3, -2 < $l_2$ < $l_1$ $\leq$ 0 and q > p > 1, any positive radial solution to (0.1) has the following properties: $lim_{r{\rightarrow}{\infty}}r^{\frac{2+l_1}{p-1}}\;u$ and $lim_{r{\rightarrow}0}r^{\frac{2+l_2}{q-1}}\;u$ always exist if $\frac{n+1_1}{n-2}$ < p < q, $p\;{\neq}\;\frac{n+2+2l_1}{n-2}$, $q\;{\neq}\;\frac{n+2+2l_2}{n-2}$. In addition, we prove that the singular positive solution of (0.1) is unique under some conditions.

ESTIMATES FOR RIESZ TRANSFORMS ASSOCIATED WITH SCHRÖDINGER TYPE OPERATORS

  • Wang, Yueshan
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제56권5호
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    • pp.1117-1127
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    • 2019
  • Let ${\mathcal{L}}_2=(-{\Delta})^2+V^2$ be the $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ type operator, where nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse $H{\ddot{o}}lder$ class $RH_s$, s > n/2. In this paper, we consider the operator $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}=V^{2{\alpha}}{\mathcal{L}}^{-{\beta}}_2$ and its conjugate $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$, where $0<{\alpha}{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}1$. We establish the $(L^p,\;L^q)$-boundedness of operator $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ and $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$, respectively, we also show that $T_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ is bounded from Hardy type space $H^1_{L_2}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ into $L^{p_2}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ and $T^*_{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ is bounded from $L^{p_1}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ into BMO type space $BMO_{{\mathcal{L}}1}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$, where $p_1={\frac{n}{4({\beta}-{\alpha})}}$, $p_2={\frac{n}{n-4({\beta}-{\alpha})}}$.

Aspergillus terreus의 발효조건이 lovastatin 생산에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Fermentation Conditions on the Production of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus)

  • 김병곤;전계택;정용섭
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.507-513
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    • 2000
  • 고지혈증 치료제인 lovastatin을 Aspergillus terreus로부터 생산하기 위해 발효조 배양설험에서 교반속도와 pH에 대한 영향올 조사하였다. 최적 교반속도는 400 rpm이었고 pH는 5.8로 유지하였을 때 lovastatin 생산이 최대였으며, 교반속도 보다 pH가 lovastatin 생산에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 L-tryptop뼈n과 L-histi빼le의 첨가시기에 따른 lovastatin 생산량을 실험한 결과, 둘다 발효초기부터 첨가하여 배양하 는 것이 효과적이었다 L-tryptophan을 발효초기에 첨가한 최 적배지와 최적 환경조건인 교반속도 400 rpm, pH 5.8에서 회 분식 배양을 수행한 결과 기본배지를 이용하여 실험한 배양 결과보다 약 10배 정도 많은 836 mg/L이었고, 생산성은 3.5 mg/L.hr였다

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Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates L-DOPA-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells

  • Lee, Myung-Yul;Choi, Eun Joo;Lee, Myung-Koo;Lee, Jae-Joon
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2013
  • In this study, the protective effects of EGCG on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced oxidative cell death in catecholaminergic PC12 cells, the in vitro model of Parkinson's disease, were investigated. Treatment with L-DOPA at concentrations higher than $150{\mu}M$ caused cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, as determined using the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry detection. The apoptotic ratio was similar in cells treated with $100{\mu}M$ EGCG plus $150{\mu}M$ L-DOPA (5.02%) and the control (0.96%) (P > 0.05), and was lower than that of cells treated with L-DOPA only (32.24%, P < 0.05). The generation level of ROS (% of control) in cells treated with EGCG plus L-DOPA was lower than that in cells treated with L-DOPA only (123.90% vs 272.32%, P < 0.05). The optical density in production of TBARS in cells treated with L-DOPA only was higher than that in the control ($0.27{\pm}0.05$ vs $0.08{\pm}0.04$, P < 0.05), and in cells treated with EGCG only ($0.14{\pm}0.02$, P < 0.05), and EGCG plus L-DOPA ($0.13{\pm}0.02$, P < 0.05). The intracellular level of GSH in cells treated with EGCG plus L-DOPA was higher than that in cells treated with L-DOPA only ($233.25{\pm}16.44$ vs $119.23{\pm}10.25$, P < 0.05). These results suggest that EGCG protects against L-DOPA-induced oxidative apoptosis in PC12 cells, and might be a potent neuroprotective agent.

EXTREMUM PROPERTIES OF DUAL Lp-CENTROID BODY AND Lp-JOHN ELLIPSOID

  • Ma, Tong-Yi
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.465-479
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    • 2012
  • For $0<p{\leq}{\infty}$ and a convex body $K$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, Lutwak, Yang and Zhang defined the concept of dual $L_p$-centroid body ${\Gamma}_{-p}K$ and $L_p$-John ellipsoid $E_pK$. In this paper, we prove the following two results: (i) For any origin-symmetric convex body $K$, there exist an ellipsoid $E$ and a parallelotope $P$ such that for $1{\leq}p{\leq}2$ and $0<q{\leq}{\infty}$, $E_qE{\supseteq}{\Gamma}_{-p}K{\supseteq}(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qP$ and $V(E)=V(K)=V(P)$; For $2{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty}$ and $0<q{\leq}{\infty}$, $2^{-1}{\omega_n}^{\frac{1}{n}}E_qE{\subseteq}{\Gamma}_{-p}K{\subseteq}{2\omega_n}^{-\frac{1}{n}}(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qP$ and $V(E)=V(K)=V(P)$. (ii) For any convex body $K$ whose John point is at the origin, there exists a simplex $T$ such that for $1{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty}$ and $0<q{\leq}{\infty}$, ${\alpha}n(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qT{\supseteq}{\Gamma}_{-p}K{\supseteq}(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qT$ and $V(K)=V(T)$.