• 제목/요약/키워드: $PM_{10}$ in Korea

검색결과 6,502건 처리시간 0.049초

Prediction of PM10 concentration in Seoul, Korea using Bayesian network

  • Minjoo Joa;Rosy Oh;Man-Suk Oh
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.517-530
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    • 2023
  • Recent studies revealed that fine dust in ambient air may cause various health problems such as respiratory diseases and cancer. To prevent the toxic effects of fine dust, it is important to predict the concentration of fine dust in advance and to identify factors that are closely related to fine dust. In this study, we developed a Bayesian network model for predicting PM10 concentration in Seoul, Korea, and visualized the relationship between important factors. The network was trained by using air quality and meteorological data collected in Seoul between 2018 and 2021. The study results showed that current PM10 concentration, season, carbon monoxide (CO) were the top 3 effective factors in 24 hours ahead prediction of PM10 concentration in Seoul, and that there were interactive effects.

철강 산업도시 포항의 미세먼지 농도 및 관련 기상자료에 대한 통계적 분석 (Statistical Analysis of PM10 and Meteorological Data in Pohang, a Steel-Industrial City)

  • 최민석;백성옥
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.329-341
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    • 2016
  • Pohang is a well-known industrial city in Korea with a large steel-industrial complexes. The biggest environmental issue in the city is associated with fine particulate matter (hereinafter, $PM_{10}$). The concentration of $PM_{10}$ is generally dependent on the local emission sources and meteorological conditions. Iron and steel industrial complexes are likely serious pollution sources of $PM_{10}$ in Pohang. In this study, daily $PM_{10}$ data from a large database from the year of 2000 to 2012 were statistically analyzed, together with meteorological data. The average concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were evaluated according to the frequency of Asian dust, haze, mist, and fog. The number of days exceeding short-term standard for $PM_{10}$ were also examined, taking into consideration of weather conditions. It was found that the concentration of $PM_{10}$ was reduced about 18% to 26% because of precipitation. In addition, the effects of wind direction and wind speed on the $PM_{10}$ concentrations were investigated.

네일샵미용실의 실내공기 중 미세먼지(PM10), 휘발성 유기화합물 (VOCs), 알데하이드류(Aldehydes)의 농도 및 업소 특성에 따른 상관성 분석 (Characteristics of PM10, VOCs and Aldehydes Levels in Nail and Hair Shops)

  • 이보람;곽수영;양원호;전상일;김정수;이기영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.509-515
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the indoor levels of $PM_{10}$, VOCs and aldehydes in nail shop and hair salon. Methods: The field survey was conducted for 52 hair salons 52 nail shops, and 26 shop-in-shops in Seoul and Daegu city. The field technicians investigated characteristics of each shop including operating time, indoor volume, ventilation and so on. Indoor concentrations of $PM_{10}$, VOCs and aldehydes, indoor temperature and humidity were measured in 12 hair salons, 12 nail shops and 6 shop-in shops. MP Surveryor II (Graywolf, USA) was used to measure $CO_2$ concentration, temperature and humidity for 8 hours. $PM_{10}$ concentrations were measured by minivolume air sampler with Teflon quartz filter ($0.2{\mu}m$ pore size, ${\varphi}$ 47 mm, Graseby-Anderson TEF-DISKTM) for 6 hours. VOCs passive sampler (OVM 3500) was used to collect VOCs for 8 hours and analyzed by GC/MSD. Results: The $CO_2$ concentrations were $759.4{\pm}58.2$ ppm in nail shops, $731.0{\pm}72.5$ ppm in hair salons, and $656.4{\pm}31.2$ ppm in shop-in-shops. The $PM_{10}$ concentrations were $27.5{\pm}14.2{\mu}g/m^3$ in nail shops, $33.1{\pm}6.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in hair salons, and $39.0{\pm}26.9{\mu}g/m^3$ in shop-in-shops. TVOCs concentrations were $3085.4{\pm}1667.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in nail shops, $2131.1{\pm}617.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in hair salons, and $1550.3{\pm}529.0{\mu}g/m^3$ in shop-in-shops. TVOCs concentrations in nail shops were significantly higher than those in hair salons and shop-in-shops (p=0.002). Formaldehyde concentrations were $60.8{\pm}36.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in nail shops, $89.1{\pm}55.4{\mu}g/m^3$ in hair salons, and $45.1{\pm}22.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in shop-in-shops. Conclusion: TVOCs concentrations in nail shop were the highest among others. TVOC concentrations in all stores exceeded indoor air quality stand of indoor air quality control in public-use facilities, etc act.

제주시 도심지역 미세먼지의 화학적 조성 특성 (Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Matter in the Downtown Area of Jeju City)

  • 허철구;이기호
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제27권7호
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    • pp.597-610
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    • 2018
  • This study observed particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$) in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, to understand the chemical composition of particulates based on an analysis of the water-soluble ionic species contained in the particles. The mass fraction of the ionic species in the sampled $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was 44.3% and 42.2%, respectively. In contrast, in Daegu City and Suwon City, the mass fraction of the ionic species in $PM_{2.5}$ was higher than that in $PM_{10}$. The chloride depletion percentage of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in Jeju City was higher than 61% and 66%, respectively. The contribution of sea-salt to the mass of $PM_{10}$ (5.9%) and $PM_{2.5}$ (2.6%) in Jeju City was similar to that in several coastal regions of South Korea. The mass ratio of $Cl^-$ to $Na^+$ in the downtown area of Jeju City was comparable to that in some coastal regions, such as the Gosan Area of Jeju Island, Deokjeok Island, and Taean City. The mass fraction of sea-salt in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was very low, and the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in $PM_{10}$ was not correlated with those in $PM_{2.5}$ ($R^2$ < 0.2), suggesting that the effects of sea-salt on the formation of particulate matter in Jeju City might be insignificant. The relationship between $NH_4{^+}$ and several anions such as $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $Cl^-$, as well as the relationship between the measurement and calculation of ammonium ion concentration, suggested that sea-salts may not react with $H_2SO_4$, and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ may be a major secondary inorganic aerosol component of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ in Jeju City.

서울 성동구 지역 미세먼지의 화학적 조성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in the Sungdong Area, Seoul, Korea)

  • 조용성;이홍석;김윤신;이종태;박진수
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.665-676
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 서울지역의 PM$_{2.5}$의 화학적 조성을 조사하기 위하여 2000년 10월 1일부터 200l년 9월 26일까지 계절별(봄, 여름, 가을 겨울)로 PM$_{2.5}$ dichotomous air sampler를 이용하여 포집한 후, ICP-MS를 이용하여 검출한계 이상인 13가지의 중금속 성분(Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Si, V, Zn)과 IC를 이용하여 5가지의 수용성 이온성분($Na^{+}$, NH$_4$$^{+}$, Cl ̄, NO$_3$$^{-}$ , SO$_4$$^2$ ̄)을 측정/분석하였다. 분석결과에 얻어진 PM$_{2.5}$의 농도와 화학적 성분의 농도를 계절별로 비교하였으며, 중금속 성분의 정성적인 발생원의 기여도를 파악하기 위하여 주성분 분석을 실시하였다.1) 조사기간 중 PM$_{2.5}$의 계절별 농도는 겨울(33.91 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) > 봄(28.79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) > 가을(18.62 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) >여름(14.92 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) 순으로 조사되어 주로 겨울철에 대기중 PM$_{2.5}$의 농도가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. PM$_{10}$에 대한 PM$_{2.5}$의 기여도는 33.7~83.5 %로 나타났으며, PM$_{2.5}$PM$_{10}$의 평균비는 0.54로 조사되었고, 회귀분석에서 PM$_{10}$=4.20PM$_{2.5}$+.9.91, $R^2$=0.73 (p < 0.05)의 회귀관계식을 나타나 PM$_{2.5}$로 PM$_{10}$을 73% 수준에서 설명할 수 있었으며 통계적으로 유의한 값을 보였다. 2) PM$_{2.5}$의 중금속 성분은 Si > Fe > Al> Zn >Ca>Ba>V>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Cd 순으로 높은 농도를 보였다. 중금속 성분의PM$_{2.5}$PM$_{10}$의 비는 인위적인 발생원에서 기인하는 Cd, Cr, Pb, V, Zn과 같은 중금속 성분의 비율이 높은 조사되었고, 자연적인 발생원에서 기인하는 Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Si와 같은 중금속 성분의 비율이 낮게 조사되었다 특히 Al, Ca, Fe의 비율이 봄철에 높아 중국에서 발생한 황사의 영향을 받은 것으로 사료된다. 3) PM$_{2.5}$ 중 이온 성분의 농도는 NO$_3$ ̄ > SO$_4$$^2$ ̄ > Cl ̄ > NH$_4$$^{+}$ 순으로 조사되었으며, PM$_{2.5}$PM$_{10}$의 비를 조사한 결과, NO$_3$ ̄,SO$_4$$^2$ ̄, Cl ̄의 비율이 높아 PM$_{10}$에 포함되어 있는 PM$_{2.5}$가 산성오염물질에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다 4) PM$_{2.5}$의 정성적인 발생원을 추정하기 위해 중금속 성분에 대한 주성분 분석의 결과 3개의 주성분으로 나누어 졌으며, 주요 발생원은 자연발생원인 토양성분과 석유연료 연소에서 배출되는 성분으로 추정되어 이 발생원이 중금속 성분 농도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되며, PM$_{2.5}$의 화학적 성분은 지역여건과 기상조건, 계절변동에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 연구결과에서 PM$_{10}$에 비해 인체에 유해한 화학적 성분(중금속, 이온 성분)이 포함되어 있는 PM$_{2.5}$에 대한 철저한 관리 및 규제 설정이 요구되며, 측정지점의 특성상 자동차 배기가스와 금속제련 및 가공에 의한 영향을 주로 받는 것으로 추정되었다 또한 지역여건과 기상조건에 영향을 많이 받는 PM$_{2.5}$에 대한 지속적인 연구와 자료축적이 요구되고 발생원에 대한 정량적인 기여도를 평가하기 위한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.기 위한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

서울시 백화점 내 조리지역과 비조리지역의 입자상 물질 (Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5, PM10) 노출 (Exposures to Ultrafine Particles, PM2.5 and PM10 in Cooking and Non-Cooking Areas of Department Stores in Seoul)

  • 조혜리;구슬기;김정훈;김샛별;이기영
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.144-150
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: Cooking activity in indoor environments can generate particulate matter. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP), $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_{10}$ in cooking and non-cooking areas of major department stores in Seoul. Methods: Eighteen department stores in Seoul, Korea were measured for concentrations of particulate matter. Using real-time monitors, concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were simultaneously measured in cooking and non-cooking areas on the floor with a food court and a non-cooking floor. Results: The concentrations of UFP, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were significantly higher in cooking areas than in noncooking areas and non-cooking floors (p<0.05). UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly correlated in cooking areas and non-cooking areas but not in non-cooking floors. $PM_{2.5}$ were consisted of approximately 81% in $PM_{10}$ and highly correlated with $PM_{10}$ in all places. Conclusion: A higher correlation between UFP and $PM_{2.5}$ was shown on cooking floor than on non-cooking floor in department stores. High levels of fine particles were caused by cooking activities at food courts. The further management of PM is needed to improve the indoor PM levels at food courts in department stores.

High-level Expression and Characterization of the Human Interleukin-10 in the Milk of Transgenic Mice

  • Zneng, Z. Y.;B. H. Sohn;K. B. Oh;W. J. Shin;Y. M. Han;Lee, K. K.
    • 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2003
  • Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a homodimeric protein with a wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory and immune activities. It inhibits cytokine production and expression of immune surface molecules in various cell types. The transgenic mice carrying the human IL-10 gene in conjunction with the bovine $\beta$-casein promoter produced the human IL-10 in milk during lactation. Transgenic mice were generated using a standard method as described previously. To screen transgenic mice, PCR was carried out using chromosomal DNA extracted from tail or toe tissues with a primer set. In this study, stability of germ line transmission and expression of IL-10 gene integrated into host chromosome were monitored up to generation F15 of a transgenic line. When female mouse of generation F9 was crossbred with normal male, generation F9 to F15 mice showed similar transmission rates (66.0$\pm$20.13%, 61.5$\pm$16.66%, 41.1$\pm$8.40%, 40.7$\pm$20.34%, 61.3$\pm$10.75%, 49.2$\pm$18.82%, and 43.8$\pm$25.91%, respectively), implying that the IL-10 gene can be transmitted stably up to long term generation in the transgenic mice. For ELISA analysis, IL-10 expression levels were determined with an hIL-10 ELISA and a mIL-10 ELISA kit in accordance with the supplier's protocol. Expression levels of human IL-10 from milk of generation F9 to F13 mice were 3.6$\pm$1.20 mg/ml, 4.2$\pm$0.93 mg/ml, 5.7$\pm$1.46 mg/ml, 6.3$\pm$3.46 mg/ml, and 6.8$\pm$4.52 mg/ml, respectively. These expression levels are higher than in generation F1 (1.6 mg/ml) mice. We concluded that transgenic mice faithfully passed the transgene on their progeny and successively secreted target proteins into their milk through several generations, although there was a little fluctuation in the transmission frequency and expression level between the generations.

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포항철강공단 미세먼지(PM10)의 입경분포 및 화학적 특성 (Chemical Characteristics and Particle Size Distribution of PM10 in Iron and Steel Industrial Complex)

  • 정종현;이형돈;전수빈;유정근;손병현
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제13권11호
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    • pp.5601-5609
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문은 포항철강공단 및 주변지역의 보건 및 환경영향 인자를 확인하기 위하여 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 농도와 성분을 측정 및 분석하였다. 또한 지역대기자동측정망 자료를 이용하여 연별, 계절별 $PM_{10}$ 농도분포를 조사하였다. 공단지역 내 $PM_{10}$을 측정한 결과, 동일산업에서 측정된 $PM_{10}$ 평균농도는 $61.3{\pm}12.1{\mu}g/m^3$, 철강공단관리사무소에서 측정된 $PM_{10}$ 평균농도는 $44.3{\pm}8.1{\mu}g/m^3$으로 나타나 대기환경기준을 만족하였다. 공단지역 동일산업과 철강공단관리사무소에서 측정된 $PM_{10}$ 중 이차생성 이온인 ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$의 분율을 확인한 결과, ${SO_4}^{2-}$의 분율이 높게 나타났고, 황산염과 관련된 오염원이 철강공단지역에 존재하는 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 동일산업 지점에서는 ${SO_4}^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $F^-$ > $NH_4{^+}$ 순으로 나타났고, 철강공단관리사무소 지점에서는 ${SO_4}^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $NH_4{^+}$ > $F^-$ 순으로 나타났다.