• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1982

1. The cows slaughtered at age of 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 years old were 1.5, 1.5, 15.0, 62.5 and 4.4% respectively. 2. The cows slaughtered at 351-450kg and more than 500kg were 60 and 28% respectively. 3. Best, very good, good and bad cows in nutritional condition were 1.6, 25.8, 62.9, and 9.7% respectively. Among the six cows which were bad nutrition, the two were with severe endometritis, the three were normal in genital function and one was on 70 days of pregnancy. 4. Holstein cows(55.2%) showed higher reproductive failure than the Korean cows(33.3%). 5. The slaughted ratio of the Korean cattle and Holstein cows was 36 and 64% respectively. 6. Pregnant cows were about 16% among the slaughtered one. 7. Reproductive failures were composed of 46% in uterus, 32% in ovaries, 8% in udder, 6% in oviduct, 4% in cervix of uterine, 2% in vagina and 2% inmummified fetus. 8. Forty six percentages of uterine diseases were as follows; horn, 13%, body of uterus, 32% and ovary diseases were 32%, that is, 12% of ovary atrophy, 8% of ovarycyst and 6% of lutealcyst. 9. The cows of reproductive failures were commonly infected with 1.6 kinds of diseases. 10. According to classification, six type of ovaries were as follows; normal, 58%, ovary-cyst, 11%, luteum cyst, 4%, coexistence of follicles and corpus luteum, 16%, weak function of ovaries, 10% and ovarian atrophy, 1%. 11. Major axis, minor axis and thickness of right ovary were larger than those of left one both in Korean cattle and Holstein cows. Holstein cow had generally larger size of ovary than these of the Korean cattle.. 12. The left and right oviducts showed no difference in length, but Holstein had longer oviduct than Korean cow. 13. There was no difference in the length of uterine horn between right and left in the Korean cows, but the right was longer than the left in Holstein cows. 14. Holstein had longer horn and body of uterine than the Korean cows. 15. The weight of right ovary was heavier than that of left in both breeds, but there was no differences in weight of left ovary between two breeds and right ovary of Holstein breed was heavier than that of the Korean cow. 16. The weight of right oviduct and uterine born was heavier than that of the left, and Holstein had heavier oviducts and uterine horns than the Korean cows. 17. Holstein had heavier uterine body and cervix of uterine than the Korean cows. 18. The length of reproductive systems of Korean cow is as follows; Major and minor diameter and thickness ofovary are 3.6${\pm}$0.7, 2.3${\pm}$0.4 and 1.6${\pm}$1.4 cm in left and 3.7${\pm}$0.6, 2.5${\pm}$0.5 and 1.8${\pm}$0.5 cm in right. Oviduct is 28.4${\pm}$3.1 cm in left and 27.8${\pm}$3.3 cm in right. Uterine horn is 27.4${\pm}$4.5 cm in left and 27.7${\pm}$4.9 cm in right. Uterine body and cervix are 3.4${\pm}$1.1 and 6.5${\pm}$1.7 cm. 19. The length of female reproductive systems ofHolstein cow is as follows; Major and minor diameter and thickness of ovary are 3.9${\pm}$1.3, 2.3${\pm}$0.5, and 1.5${\pm}$0.6 cm in left and 4.0${\pm}$0.8, 2.8${\pm}$0.6 and 1.8${\pm}$0.6 cm in right. Oviduct is 29.4${\pm}$4.2 cm in left and 29.3${\pm}$4.1 cm in right. Uterine horn is 30.2${\pm}$7.4 cm in left and 32.6${\pm}$8.4 cm in right. Uterine body and cervix are 4.5${\pm}$2.5 and 7.8${\pm}$2.9 cm. 20. The weight of reproductive systems of Korean cow is as follows; Ovary is 8.4${\pm}$4.1 g in left and 9.3${\pm}$3.6g in right. Oviduct is 1.5${\pm}$0.5 g in left and 1.6${\pm}$0.5 g in right. Uterine horn is 109${\pm}$27 g left and 118${\pm}$32 g in right. Uterine body and cervix are 30.4${\pm}$14.1 and 76.7${\pm}$38.4g. 21. The weight of reproductive systems of Holstein cow is as follows; Ovary is 8.2${\pm}$3.1 g in left and 12.5${\pm}$5.6 g in right. Oviduct is 1.7${\pm}$0.6 g in left and 1.9${\pm}$0.9 g in right. Uterine horn is 199${\pm}$14.2 g in left and 221${\pm}$111.2g in right. Uterine body and cervix are 58.2${\pm}$46.5 and 126.7${\pm}$103.3 g.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2007

Concentrations of atmospheric fine particles in Chungnam were measured at 7 sampling sites during 2005. The daily average concentrations of PM 10, PM2.5, and PM1 ranged from 14.9 to $136.5{\mu}g/m^3$, 8.2 to $113.2{\mu}g/m^3$, and 5.7 to $107.5{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the highest levels were observed at Yeongi site. The lowest concentrations for the all size fractions of particulate were observed at Taean located at the west end of the peninsula. The daily average PM10 concentrations were below the current National Standard at all sites, while the daily average PM2.5 concentrations frequently exceeded the US Standard at Cheonan, Dangjin, Boryeong, and Yeongi sites. The frequencies of PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the US standard at Cheonan, Dangjin, Boryeong, and Yeongi were 10.8%, 6.7%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively. In addition, $68{\sim}80%$ of PM10 was in the PM2.5 fraction indicating that fine particles were the major component of atmospheric particles in Chungnam.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

본 연구는 dioxin이 생체에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 dioxin 10~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 mouse에 2일간 투여했을 때 체중, 정자수와 정자활력, 정소중량, 장기중량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. Dioxin 10, 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 투여군의 체중은 30.6$\pm$2.9~40.7$\pm$3.9g, 30.8$\pm$4.1~39.5$\pm$3.1g이었으며, 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 투여군의 체중은 31.0$\pm$3.5~39.0$\pm$3.5g, 30.6$\pm$3.4~38.3$\pm$4.0g 으로서 대조군의 30.6$\pm$2.8~44.5$\pm$3.1g에 비해 약간 낮은 치를 나타냈으며 dioxin 투여량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다(p.0.05). 2. Dioxin 10~40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 각각 2일간 투여했을때 WBC수는 대조군에 비해 현저한 증가치를 나타냈고 RBC수는 대조군에 비해 다소 증가되었으나 유의한 변화는 인정되지 않았으며, Hb량과 PCV치 및 PLT수는 대조군에 비해 크게 증가된 경향을 나타냈다. 3. Dioxin 10, 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 투여군의 정자수는 112.5 $\pm$ 3.7 ~ 119.4 $\pm$4.2 $\times$ $10^{6}$$m\ell$, 103.9 $\pm$ 3.8 ~ 110.2 $\pm$ 3.6 $\times$ $10^{6}$$m\ell$이었으며, 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg 투여군의 정자수는 97.5 $\pm$ 3.4 ~105.7 $\pm$ 4.4 $\times$ $10^{6}$$m\ell$, 87.2 $\pm$ 3.7 ~ 98.5 $\pm$ 3.8 $\times$ $10^{6}$$m\ell$로서 대조군의 119.0 $\pm$ 4.3 ~ 120.7 $\pm$ 4.8 $\times$ $10^{6}$$m\ell$에 비해 현저히 감소된 정자수를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 4. 정자활력은 10, 20, 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 각각 2일간 투여했을 때 69.4 $\pm$ 3.0 ~ 86.6 $\pm$ 4.7%로서 대조군의 93.0 $\pm$ 3.6 ~ 94.7 $\pm$ 4.2%에 비해 정자의 활력이 현저히 감소되었다(p<0.05). 5. Dioxin 10, 20, 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 각각 2일간 투여했을 때 정소중량은 대조군에 비해 약간 감소된 경향을 나타냈다. 6. Dioxin 10, 20, 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 각각 2일간 투여했을 때 신장, 비장 및 간의 중량은 정상대조군과 비교할 때 약간의 증가를 나타냈다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2021

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) has a serious impact on health. Recently, studies are conducted to reduce PM in an environmentally friendly way using plants. This study investigated the physiological responses of plants and their ability to remove PM by continuously spraying different PM sources (loam, fly ash, carbon black) to four native plant species, such as Iris sanguinea, Pteris multifida, Vitis coignetiae, and Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki. Methods: The four plant species were randomly placed in four chambers, and 0.1 g of different PM was injected into each chamber twice a week. We measured chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), total leaf area, amount of leaf wax, PM10 (sPM10) and PM2.5 (sPM2.5) on the leaf surface, and PM10 (wPM10) and PM2.5 (wPM2.5) on the wax layer. Results: For I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae, the sources of PM did not affect the growth response. P. multifida showed high chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content in carbon black as well as high Fv/Fm and total leaf area, thereby proving that carbon black helped plant growth. By PM sources, sPM10 showed a significant difference in three plant species, sPM2.5 in two plant species, and wPM10 in one plant species, indicating that sPM10 was most affected by PM sources. Conclusion: Carbon black increased the leaf area by affecting the growth of P. multifida. This plant can be effectively used for PM reduction by increasing the adsorption area. I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae can be used as economical landscaping plants since they can grow regardless of PM sources.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2001

본 연구는 소형 개의 동결정액을 개발하여 인공수정에 이용하고자 제 2차 분획정액을 생리적 식염수와 Iris-buffer액으로 희석하고 원심분리에 의해 정장성분을 제거한 RSP-5 및 RSP-T 정액의 일반성상과 단기보존 및 동결보존시의 생존성에 대해 조사하였다. 1, 제 1분획의 정액량은 0.65$\pm$0.09 $m\ell$, 정자농도는 4.52$\pm$0.35$\times$$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$, 활력은 15,64$\pm$3.85%, 기형정자수는 84.36$\pm$0.62%였으며, 제 2분획의 정액량은 1.25$\pm$0.20 $m\ell$, 정자농도는 3.35$\pm$0.48$\times$$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$, 활력은 96.25$\pm$4.65%, 기형정자수는 3.75$\pm$0.46%였으며, 제 3분획의 정액량은 1.45$\pm$0.21 $m\ell$, 정자농도는 3.85$\pm$0.52$\times$$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$, 활력은 92.82$\pm$4.24%, 기형정자수는 4.66$\pm$0.58%였다. 2. 제 2분획 정액의 RSP-5군의 정자농도는 4.82$\pm$0.36$\times$$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$, 활력은 90.10$\pm$3.42%, 기형정자수는 9.90$\pm$0.68%였으며, RSP-T군의 정자농도는 4.55$\pm$0.45$\times$$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$, 활력은 93.25$\pm$3.85%, 기형정자수는 6.75$\pm$0.58%였다. 이는 대조군의 정자농도 5.45$\pm$0.82$\times$$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$, 활력 95.55$\pm$4.65%, 기형정자수 4.45$\pm$0.45%에 비해 높게 나타났다. 3. 제 2분획 정액을 RSP-5와 RSP-T로 처리한 정액을 4$^{\circ}C$에서 보존했을 때 각각 1~72시간(97.54~6.25%)과 1~100시간(97.40~5.62%)에서 생존성이 유지되었고, 38$^{\circ}C$에서 보존했을 때 1~40시간(96.45~7.45%)과 1~50시간(95.60~B.65%)에서 생존성이 유지되었다. 이는 무처리 대조군의 1~50시간(97.24~4.82%)과 1~30시간(95.52~5.55%)에 비해 생존성이 높게 나타났다. 4. 제 2분획 정액을 처리한 RSP-5군의 정액을 완만 및 초급속 동결후 융해했을 때 생존율은 각각 67.3$\pm$4.45%와 46.4$\pm$3.84%였으며, RSP-T군 정액은 58.8$\pm$4.46%와 74.4$\pm$4.20%로서 대조군의 8.5$\pm$2.12%에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2002

본 연구는 1986년부터 1995년도 사이에 한우개량단지의 한우 암소에 대하여 조사된 번식성적에 근거하여 한우의 번식형질에 미치는 환경요인의 효과를 추정하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 분석된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 평균능력에서 초종부일령은 466.11${\pm}$5.72일, 초임일령은 480.10${\pm}$6.15일, 초산일령은 742.79 ${\pm}$7.48일, 분만후 초종부일령은 64.97${\pm}$1.42일, 공태일수는 72.06${\pm}$1.73일, 번식간격은 355.93 ${\pm}$1.92일, 임신기간은 285.38${\pm}$0.42일 및 수태당 종부회수는 1.21${\pm}$0.02회였다. 2) 지역별 각 형질에 대한 범위는 초종부일령은 447.62${\pm}$5.94-490.72${\pm}$5.94일, 초임일령은 464.27${\pm}$6.38-505.20${\pm}$6.39일, 초산일령은 721.91 ${\pm}$ 7.85-772.75${\pm}$7.80일, 분만 후 초종부일령은 62.27${\pm}$1.55～68.97${\pm}$1.74일, 공태일수는 69.74${\pm}$ 1.97-74.36${\pm}$2.27일, 번식간격은 352.71${\pm}$2.18-359.64${\pm}$2.09일, 임신기간은 284.52${\pm}$0.42-286.04 ${\pm}$0.47일 및 수태당 종부회수는 1.11${\pm}$0.02-1.30 ${\pm}$0.02회였다. 3) 초종부일령은 혈통등록우가 가장 길었고 상위등록일수록 일령이 빨라지는 경향이 있 었다. 수태당 종부회수는 상위등록우로 갈수록 종부회수가 많게 추정되었다. 4) 분만후 초종부일수는 2산차에서 가장 길었으며 산차가 진행될수록 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 수태당 종부회수는 산차가 진행될수록 적어지는 경향을 보였다. 5) 분만년도가 1987년부터 1995년까지 경과할수록 분만후 초종부일수, 공태일수 및 번식 간격이 길어지고 수태당 종부회수는 많아지는 경향이 있었다. 6) 분만후 초종부 일수, 공태일수 및 번식간격은 봄과 여름에 분만한 소들에서 가을과 겨울에 분만한 소들에 비하여 다소 짧게 추정되었다. 수태당 종부회수는 봄과 여름에 분만한 소들에 비하여 가을과 겨울에 분만한 소들에서 더 많은 경향이 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.567-580
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• 2010

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were determined for $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1.0}$ aerosols particles collected at Gosan Superstation on Jeju Island from August 2007 to September 2008. Aerosols were collected on quartz filters for 24 hours and then OC and EC were analyzed by TOR/IMPROVED method. Mean concentrations of OC and EC were $4.66\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.69\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for $PM_{10}$, $3.95\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.69\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for $PM_{2.5}$, and $3.16\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.42\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for $PM_{1.0}$, respectively. The concentrations of OC and EC comprised 16.4% and 6.0% of $PM_{10}$, 22.9% and 9.8% of $PM_{2.5}$, and 23.0% and 10.0% of $PM_{1.0}$. OC and EC showed a clear seasonal variation with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The correlations between the two were also the best during the winter ($R^2$=0.87, 0.94, and 0.95 for $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1.0}$). The ratio of OC/EC exhibited the maximum (7.24) during an Asian dust event due to an increase of OC, which was possibly derived from soil. The mass fraction of both OC and EC was the highest in fall. When OC and EC concentrations were highly elevated, EC1 (the first EC fraction determined at $550^{\circ}C$) and pyrolyzed OC (POC) were dominant subcomponents in winter and OC3 (the third OC fraction determined at $450^{\circ}C$) and POC in spring.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.169-169
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• 2002

The mobilizable amount of transition metals is a fraction of the total amount of the metal from urban particulate matter. Although the fraction is small, some metals (Fe, Cu) are the major participants in a reaction that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage various biomolecules. Damaging effects of the metals can be measured by the single strand breakage (SSB) of X174 RFI DNA or the carbonyl formation of protein. In another study, we have shown that more metals are mobilized by PM2.5 than by PM10 in general. DNA SSB of >20% for PM2.5 and >15% for PM10 was observed in the presence of chelator (EDTA or citrate)/reductant (ascorbate), compared to the control (<3%) only with the chelator. The carbonyl formation by both PMs was very similar in the presence of the chelator, regardless of the kind of proteins. Compared to the control in the absence of chelator/reductant, 3.3 times and 4.9 times more carbonyl formation for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, was obtained with BSA in the presence of chelator/reductant, showing that PM10 induced 33% more damage than PM2.5. However, 4.8 times and 1.9 times more carbonyl formation for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, was observed with lysozyme in the presence of chelator/reductant, showing that PM2.5 induced 250% more damage than PM10. Although different proteins showed different sensitivities toward ROS, all these results indicate that the degrees of the oxidation of or damage to the biomolecules by the mobilized metals were higher with PM2.5 than with PM10. Therefore, it is expected that more metals mobilized from PM2.5 than from PM10, more damage to the biomolecules by PM2.5 than by PM10. We suggest that when the toxicity of the dust particle is considered, the particle size as well as the mobilizable fraction of the metal should be considered in place of the total amounts.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2006

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 $^{99m}Tc$-방사성표지 트렌스페린 ($^{99m}Tc$-transferrin)을 개발하여 감염/염증병소의 진단에 이용할 수 있는지 알아보고, 이를 $^{67}Ga$-Citrate 영상과 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Succinimidyl 6-hydrazino-nicotinate hydrochloride -chitosan -transferrin (Transferrin)을 합성하고, 여기에 $^{99m}Tc$ 방사성 표지를 시행하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin의 방사성표지효율은 표지 후 10분, 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 4시간, 8시간에 측정하였다. 포도상구균(ATCC 25923, $2{\times}10^8$ colony forming unite, 0.2 ml)을 접종한 쥐농양모델에서 $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin과 $^{67}Ga$-citrate의 생체내 분포를 평가하고 영상 검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 질량분석계를 이용하여 Transferrin이 성공적으로 제조되었음을 알 수 있었다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin의 방사성표지효율은 10분, 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 4시간, 8시간에 각각 $96.2{\pm}0.7%,\;96.4{\pm}0.5%,\;96.6{\pm}1.0%,\;96.9{\pm}0.5%,\;97.0{\pm}0.7%\;and\;95.5{\pm}0.7%$ 이었다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin의 단위섭취량은 감염병소에서 $0.18{\pm}0.01\;and\;0.18{\pm}0.01$, 정상근육에서 $0.05{\pm}0.01\;and\;0.04{\pm}0.01$이었고, 감염병소 대 정상근육 섭취비는 30분과 3시간에 각각 $3.7{\pm}0.6\;and\;4.7{\pm}0.4$이었다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin 영상에서 10분, 30분, 1시간, 2시간, 4시간 그리고 10시간에서의 병소/배후방사능비는 각각 $2.18{\pm}0.03,\;2.56{\pm}0.11,\;3.08{\pm}0.18,\;3.77{\pm}0.17,\;4.70{\pm}0.45$ 그리고 $5.59{\pm}0.40$이었고, $^{67}Ga$-citrate의 경우 2시간, 24시간, 48시간에 $3.06{\pm}0.84,\;4.12{\pm}0.54\;4.55{\pm}0.74 $이었다. 결론 : Transferrin에 $^{99m}Tc$을 이용한 방사성표지가 성공적으로 이루어졌고, $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin의 표지효율은 8시간까지 95% 이상의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$-transierrin이 감염 병소의 영상진단에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2005

조리서 및 문헌을 통해 열무김치 및 열무물김치의 재료배합비 및 제조방법을 표준화하였다. 열무김치의 표준화과정에서 열무 이외에 사용빈도수가 50%이상인 부재료는 파와 홍고추였으며, 양념류로는 고춧가루, 마늘, 생강, 젓갈이 이에 속했다. 또한 재료 및 양념의 배합비는 절인 열무 100g에 대해 파 8.0$\pm$3.8, 마늘 2.5$\pm$1.3, 생강 1.6$\pm$0.7, 홍고추 7.0$\pm$1.7, 고춧가루 4.2$\pm$1.2, 젓갈 3.7$\pm$0.5로 나타났다. 열무물김치의 표준화과정의 경우, 사용빈도수가 50%이상인 부재료로는 풋고추, 홍고추, 파가, 양념류로는 마늘, 생강, 전분이 이에 속했으며, 열무물김치의 재료배합비의 표준화는 첨가된 물의 양을 기준으로 하였다. 즉, 물 100 mL에 대해 절인 열무 50.6$\pm$10.8, 파 3.3$\pm$1.3, 풋고추 3.3$\pm$1.9, 홍고추 2.4$\pm$1.3, 마늘 3.0$\pm$0.7, 생강 $1.5\pm$0, 전분 $1.5\pm$0.6의 비율로 나타났다.