• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.418-420
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• 2005

In order to search for biologically active compounds from edible plant sources, the aerial parts of Sajabalssuk (Artemisia herba) were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, four compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as eupatilin (1), jaceosidin (2), apigenin (3) and eupafolin (4). Among them, compounds 3 and 4 were isolated for the first time from Sajabalssuk (Artemisia herba).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.633-642
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• 2002

Enteric colibacillosis has economically become an important disease of young animals as a result of increasing intensification of farrowing management. The objective of this experiment is to isolate fimbrial antigen from enterotoxigenic E. coli F41, to develop specific polyclonal IgY which can effectively neutralize or reduce the proliferation of pathogens in feed or living animal system, and to apply IgY technologies to animal industry. The results obtained were as follows: The molecular weight of the purified F41 antigen was 29,500 dalton on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Fimbrial antigen was confirmed by the western blot method. It was observed that after immunization the level of serum antibody titer of laying hen was shown in two weeks and gradually increased. The antibody titer in egg yolk appeared two weeks after it was shown in serum antibody. The titers of egg yolk antibody were gradually increased to the maximum level of 320,000 (antigen 50${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 450,000 (antigen 200${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), and 320,000 (antigen 600${\mu}g$/$m\ell$). According to the results of specificity test by ELISA, the anti-F41 antibodies from chicken serum and egg yolk reacted only with ETEC F41 antigen. There was no cross reaction with other ETEC strains (K88, K99, and 987P). In vitro condition, as a result of antigen binding ability of yolk antibodies, bacterial concentration was rapidly decreased to $10^5$ CFU/$m\ell$ from $10^9$ CFU/$m\ell$ when 2${\sim}$4 mg/$m\ell$ of freeze dried WSF (water soluble fraction) was added.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

In this experimental study, the thermal stability values of micrometer-sized silica particle-reinforced epoxy composite specimens were evaluated by measuring their thermal expansion coefficients and Young's moduli. For all specimens used in this study (from the baseline specimen to that containing 70 wt% silica filler), the thermal expansion coefficients and Young's moduli were gradually reduced down to 25% and increased up to 51%, respectively. The results of the experiment were compared with those of certain empirical models. The experimental results of the measurement of thermal expansion coefficients corresponded well with those of Kerner's model, which considers the bulk and shear moduli of the matrix and silica filler. However, the results of the measurement of Young's moduli using the empirical Mori-Tanaka model were observed to match better with those of the experiment. The comparison of the results of the experiment with those of the empirical models demonstrated that a reliable model for measuring the thermal expansion coefficients and Young's moduli of composite specimens needs to consider certain property variations in the composites in addition to volume fraction changes in the filler and matrix.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1994

Analytic methods for Cr(VI) level in industrial hygienic field were suggested by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH method 7600, 7604). There were growing needs for measurement of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) levels simultaneously. Two analytical methods were suggested to determine Cr(III) and Cr(VI) levels simultaneously. The one is method by using reversed phase high peformance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the other is by using ion exchange HPLC. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of these two analytic methods. For the difference of ionic charges of Cr(III)-ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) chelate and $CrO_4{^-2}$, we could detect them simultaneously by ion exchange HPLC. Also, we attempted to determine the levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) chelated with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(NaDDTC) by using reversed phase HPLC. The confirmation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were checked by fraction collector and nameless atomic absorption spectrometer. The optimal conditions for the formation of Cr(III)-EDTA chelate were two hours incubation period with pH 5. Cr(III)-EDTA and Cr(VI) in EDTA solution were successfully separated by anion exchange column using $Na_2CO_3/NaOH$ mixture as mobile phase. Peaks of Cr(III)-EDTA and Cr(VI) in EDTA were identified at 5 minutes and 7 minutes of retention time respectively by the ion exchange HPLC. The formation of Cr(III)-NaDDTC and Cr(VI)-NaDDTC chelates were twelve hours incubation period. Cr(III)-NaDDTC and Cr(VI)-NaDDTC chelates were separated by reversed phase column using methanol and water mixture as mobile phase. Peaks of Cr(VI)NaDDTC and Cr(III)-NaDDTC chelates were identified at 13 minutes and 26 minutes of retention time respectively by the reversed phase HPLC. Due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), it seems to be not suitable for simultaneous determination of Cr(III)-NaDDTC and Cr(VI)-NaDDTC chelates by reversed phase HPLS. Simultaneos determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by ion exchange HPLC was more accurate and simple method.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.288-303
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• 2012

In this study, real time measurements of particle number size distribution in urban Gwangju, coastal Taean, and industrial Yeosu in Korea were conducted in 2008 to understand the occurrence of ultrafine particle (UFP) (<100 nm) events, the variation of its concentration among different sampling sites, and UFP formation pathways. Also, to investigate seasonal and long-term variation of the UFP number concentration, data were collected for the period of 5 years (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2012) in urban Gwangju. Photochemical and combustion events were found to be responsible for the formation of UFP in the urban Gwangju site, whereas only photochemical event led to the formation of UFP in the coastal Taean site. The highest UFP concentration was found in industrial Yeosu (the average UFP number fractions were 79, 59 and 58% in Yeosu, Gwangju, and Taean, respectively), suggesting that high amount of gas pollutants (e.g., $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and volatile organic carbon (VOC)) emitted from industries and their photochemical reaction contributed for the elevated UFP concentration in the industrial Yeosu site. The UFP fraction also showed a seasonal variation with the peak value in spring (61.5, 54.5, 50.5, and 40.7% in spring, fall, summer, and winter, respectively) at urban Gwangju. Annual average UFP number concentrations in urban Gwangju were $5.53{\times}10^3\;cm^{-3}$, $4.68{\times}10^3\;cm^{-3}$, $5.32{\times}10^3\;cm^{-3}$, $3.99{\times}10^3\;cm^{-3}$, and $2.16{\times}10^3\;cm^{-3}$ in the year 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. Comparison of the annual average UFP number concentration with urban sites in other countries showed that the UFP concentrations of the Korean sites were lower than those in other urban cities, probably due to lower source strength in the current site. TEM/EDS analysis for the size-selected UFPs showed that the UFPs were classified into various types having different chemical species. Carbonaceous particles were observed in both combustion (soot and organics) and photochemical events (sulfate and organics). In the photochemical event, an internal mixture of organic species and ammonium sulfate/bisulfate was identified. Also, internal mixtures of aged Na-rich and organic species, aged Ca-rich particles, and doughnut shaped K-containing particles with elemental composition of a strong C with minor O, S, and K-likely to be originated from biomass burning nearby agricultural area, were observed. In addition, fly ash particles were also observed in the combustion event, not in the photochemical event.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

This research was aimed to search for natural antimicrobial agents that are sefe for humans and specific for oral pathogens. Acanthoic was isolated from the chloroform fraction of methanol extract of Acanthopanax koreanum $N_{AKAI}$ and its structure were elucidated by 13-NMR, 1H-NNR and ESIMS. Antibacterial activity of acanthoic acid was investigated by the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimun bactericidal (MBC) concentration. MIC/MBC of acanthoic acid against Streptococcus mutans $N_{AKAI}$ causing dental caries was determined to be $2/4\;{\mu}g/mL$, which was much lower than these of other natural antimicrobial agents such as $8/16\;{\mu}g/mL$ of sangurinarine and $250/500\;{\mu}/mL$ of green tea extract, $500/600\;{\mu}g/mL$ of thymol and borneol. Acanthoic and significantly inhibited the growth of other cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus sobrinus $N_{AKAI}$ and Streptococcus sanguis $N_{AKAI}$, and Streptococcus gordonii $N_{AKAI}$ in the MIC range of $4{\sim}32\;{\mu}g/mL$. My finding suggests that acanthoic acid could be employed as a potential antibacterial agent for preventing dental caries.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Objectives : Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) possess various nutrients, it has been widely used as traditional cosmetic material in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and the anti-melanogenic effect of Yambean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract and its fractions. Methods : The anti-oxidant activity of yam bean extract assessed based on total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. To evaluate anti-melanogenic effects and cytotoxicity of Yambean extract and its fractions, B16F10 melanoma cell was used. Results : In results, total polyphenol content of yam bean water extract (YW) and Yambean 70% ethanol extract (YE) were $1.18{\pm}0.03mg/g$ (mg of gallic acid/g of sample), $1.16{\pm}0.01mg/g$. Total flavonoid contents of YW, YE were $3.55{\pm}0.06mg/g$ (mg of naringin/g of sample), $1.78{\pm}0.03mg/g$. Moreover, YE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively in $4mg/m{\ell}$ compared to YW. Cytotoxicity of YE and its fractions in B16F10 melanoma cell was measured using MTT assays. It had no cytotoxicity up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma cell was induced using alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). B16F10 melanoma cell treated with $10-500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ YE and hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, $H_2O$ fractions for 24h. Non treated B16F10 melanoma cell (Control) markedly increased melanin contents. In contrast, YE ethylacetate fraction effectively suppressed melanin accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that Yambean extract has the potential as a cosmetic material which possess anti-oxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

The aerial parts of Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk) was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, three cycloartane-type triterpnoids and one ursane-type triterpenoid were isolated through the repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were determined as wrightial (1), wrightial acetate (2), 27-norcycloart-20(21)-ene-25-al-3${\beta}$-ol acetate (3) and ursolic acid (4). No report has been found for isolation of compound 3 in the literature so far, and compounds 1, 2 and 3 were the first to be isolated from Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk). Also, compound 1 showed Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT-1) and hACAT-2 inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 33.0 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited hACAT-1 activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 12.0 and 16.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2013

Currently, methods for controlling weeds in organically produced crops have not been as effective as conventional methods. This research was carried out to determine the herbicidal effects of leaf, stem, fruit, root extracts of Trichosanthes kirilowii. The extraction methods used were water, boiling water and ethanol. The characteristics of potential herbicidal components among extraction methods were investigated by using the following solvent fractions: hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Generally, water extracts provided the best on inhibition of germination rate, plant height, and root length in cucumber and barley. Specifically, extractions made from fruit parts of T. kirilowii provided the greatest inhibition effect on plant growth in cucumber and barely. Inhibition of germination rate, plant height, and root length in cucumber and barley in solvent fractions was the best in water fractions, but there were no significant differences among the other fractions. Digitaria siliaris and Solanum nigrum were controlled 80-100% by 5% extractions of water fraction. However, there were no herbicidal effects from foliar treatment in cucumber, barley, black nightshade, and henry crabgrass by 5% extractions of the water fraction. These results show that extractions of T. kirilowii can be used for controlling some weeds in organically produced crops.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 2003

Total methanolic extract of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. var. spatiosum (Compositae) was revealed to have anti-hepatotoxic activity against galactosamine-induced toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. After successive partitioning with chloroform, n-butanol, and water, the chloroform fraction showed a significant inhibition activity of 51% at 50 ppm, compared with that of silybin, 45.9% at $100\;{\mu}M$. The chloroform fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and yielded active CH-II, CH-V and CH-VI subfractions, and the anti-hepatotoxic activity of these subfractions were 47.6, 56.3, and 23.2%, respectively, at 50 ppm. Total glutathione contents of CH-II, CH-V, and CH-VI increased by 49.8, 43.9, and 47.5% of the control, respectively at 50 ppm, whereas that of silymarin was, 59.7% at $100\;{\mu}M$ after challenged with galactosamine. The ratio of (reduced glutathione) / (total glutathione) in CH-II, CH-V and CH-VI subfraction showed similar values of $0.86{\sim}0.87$ at 50 ppm, whereas that of silymarin was, 0.85 at $100\;{\mu}M$. The incorporation of $[^3H]-uridine$ uptake into RNA was not affected by these active subfractions.