• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.197-200
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• 1998

The MeOH extracts obtained from the flower petals of Carthamus tinctorius were solvent-fractionated with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$, successively. From the n-BuOH extract 2 flavonoid compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel column chromatographies. From not only the results of physico-chemical data including HMBC but also the adaptation of acid hydrolysis, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as $3-O-[{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)\;{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]\;kaempferol$ and $3-O-[{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)\;{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]\;kaempferol$. The compounds exhibited $IC_{50}$ values in Grab2-Shc activity to be 43 and $47{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 1997

The studies were carried out to evaluate the constituents in the aerial part of Isodon excisus var. coreanus (Labiatae). From the aqueous fraction of methanol extract, compound I (${\alpha}$-[[3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid), compound II (9-methyl-dihydroferulic acid-4-O-.betha.-D-glucopyranosyl $(1{\rightarrow}2)$-${\alpha}$-L- rhamnopyranosyl (1.rarw.4)-.betha.-D-glucopyranoside), compound III (ent-7.alpha., 11${\alpha}$,15.betha.-trihydroxy-kaur-16-en-1-O-.betha.-D-glucopyranoside) and compound IV ($2{\alpha}$,3${\beta}$,$7{\alpha}$,23-tetrahydroxy-olean-12 -en-28-oic acid 28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside) were isolated and identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic evidences[IR, FAB(-)MS,$^{1}H-NMR,$$^{13}C-NMR,$$ HMQC$$^{1}H-^{1}H $COSY and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity)]. Especially, New compounds II and III were named Isodonin A and Isodonin B respectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.sup
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This study was conducted to verify the effect of chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on odor reduction at a commercial swine facility consisting of a compost ficility. Compost facility in $NH_3$ concentration was around 550 ppm and less than 78 ppm before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 86% reduction. There was no H2S detection. $NH_3$ concentration was around 420 ppm and less than 35 ppm before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 83% reduction. $H_2S$ concentration was around 210 ppb and less than 32 ppb before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 85% reduction. Hence, $ClO_2$ spraying at windowless barns was compost facility decreased malodor such as $NH_3$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2006

A steroidal saponin, $3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}3)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosylpennogenin$ ;(1, spiroconazole A) was isolated from the tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera L. var sativa and $^1H-and\;^{13}C-NMR$ assignment was completed using HMBC correlation. In addition, four phenolic substances, 2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene (2), quercetin (3), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), and $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (5) were also isolated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

To improve the $NO_X$ conversion over a SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst, the DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst) is usually placed upstream of the SCR catalyst to enhance the fast SCR reaction ($4NH_3+2NO+2NO_2{\rightarrow}4N_2+6H_2O$) using equimolar amounts of NO and $NO_2$. Here, a ratio of $NO_2/NO_X$ above 50% should be avoided, because the reaction with $NO_2$ only ($4NH_3+4NO+O_2{\rightarrow}4N_2+6H_2O$) is slower than the standard SCR reaction ($4NH_3+4NO+O_2{\rightarrow}4N_2+6H_2O$). In order to accurately predict the performance characteristics of SCR catalysts, it is therefore desired to develop a more simple and reliable mathematical and kinetic models on the oxidation kinetics of nitric oxide over a DOC. In the present work, the prediction accuracy and limit of three different chemical reaction kinetics models are presented to describe the chemicophysical characteristics and conversion performance of DOCs. Steady-state experiments with DOCs mounted on a light-duty four-cylinder 2.0-L turbocharged diesel engine then are performed, using an engine-dynamometer system to calibrate the kinetic parameters such as activation energies and preexponential factors of heterogeneous reactions. The reaction kinetics for NO oxidation over Pt-based catalysts is determined in conjunction with a transient one-dimensional (1D) heterogeneous plug flow reactor (PFR) model with diesel exhaust gas temperatures in the range of 115~$525^{\circ}C$ and space velocities in the range of $(0.4{\sim}6.5){\times}10^5\;h^{-1}$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

We investigated the antioxidant effects of hederagenin 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}3$)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-a-L-arabinopyranoside (HDL) isolated from root bark of Ulmus davidiana on the activity of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$), a transition metal, was used as an inducer of oxidative stress, generating hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) via increasing xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. The increased levels of $H_2O_2$, XO, ferritin, and ferritin iron by $CoCl_2$ were diminished effectively by co-treatment with HDL in U2OS cells. Furthermore, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) by $CoCl_2$ were highly increased by co-treatment with HDL in U2OS cells; however, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) did not change. The increased contents of TBARS related to lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced by HDL in U2OS cells. The concentration of GSH changed in a pattern that went against regulated TBARS by $CoCl_2$ and HDL. We examined the expression of p53, $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$, and $p27^{KIP1}$ proteins related to oxidative stress and cell cycle regulation. As a result, the expression of $p27^{KIP1}$ modulated by $CoCl_2$ was not changed by HDL. However, the expression of p53 and $p21^{CIP1/WAF}$ increased by $CoCl_2$ was reduced by HDL in U2OS cells. Together with alteration of p53 and $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$ proteins, the accumulated cells at G1 phase by $CoCl_2$ was decreased by HDL in U2OS cells. Our data suggests that HDL inhibits $CoCl_2$-generated ROS in U2OS cells, providing potentially new antioxidant compounds that are isolated from natural products.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2010

A phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina caffra flowers from an Egyptian origin yielded three C-flavonoidal glycosides; 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin-2"-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside) (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyflavone-6, 8-di-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2) (3) and one O-flavonoidal glycoside; kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D.glucopyranosyl) (1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structures of the isolated compounds (1 - 4) were elucidated using different spectral techniques (UV, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS). This is the first report for the isolation of flavonoidal glycosides from Erythrina caffra. The antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of the isolates were evaluated. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract and the main fractions were tested using brine shrimp bioassay.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.3 s.130
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• pp.194-199
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• 2002

The radix and folium of Eucommia ulmoides(Eucommiaceae) has been used for backache, atrophy of the leg and knee, enuresis, hypertension. In order to evaluate to quality of folium, we have been isolated a main compound as a standard compound, which was elucidated $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl(l{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ through it's physicochemical data and IR, FAB-Mass, $^{13}C-NMR$ and $^{1}H-NMR$ analysis. It was analyzed by HPLC system using 17% $CH_3CN$ as a solvent system. The amount of $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl(l{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ from Eucommiae folium was in the range of $0.056{\pm}0.022$ mg(n=7) and also from the results of analysis through seasonal variation$(June{\sim}October)$ September and October have been evaluated to be very high in it's content.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2016

$Y_2O_3-H_3BO_3:Eu^{3+}$ powders are synthesized using a mechanical alloying method, and their photoluminescence (PL) properties are investigated through luminescence spectrophotometry. For samples milled for 300 min, some $Y_2O_3$ peaks ([222], [440], and [622]) and amorphous formations are observed. The 300-min-milled mixture annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ for 1 h with Eu = 8 mol% has the strongest PL intensity at every temperature increase of $100^{\circ}C$ (increasing from 700 to $1200^{\circ}C$ in $100^{\circ}C$ increments). PL peaks of the powder mixture, as excited by a xenon discharge lamp (20 kW) at 240 nm, are detected at approximately 592 nm (orange light, $^5D_o{\rightarrow}^7F_1$), 613 nm, 628 nm (red light, $^5D_o{\rightarrow}^7F_2$), and 650 nm. The PL intensity of powder mixtures milled for 120 min is generally lower than that of powder mixtures milled for 300 min under the same conditions. PL peaks due to $YBO_3$ and $Y_2O_3$ are observed for 300-min-milled $Y_2O_3-H_3BO_3$ with Eu = 8 mol% after annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ for 1 h.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 1990

We determined the structure of main saponin which extracted from the shoot of Aralia Elata. The results were as follows. 1. The main aglycons and suger of the total saponins of Nr2 sample were identified as oleanolic acid and hederagenin, and glucose, arabinose and rhamnose. A probable new aglycon was isolated and inferred as 1, 3-methylenedioxy-3-dehydroxyoleanolic acid. 2. One compound of Fh saponin (named as Elatoside $Fh_2$) which was obtained first in this species was elucidated as 3-O-$({\alpha}-L-arabinopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-gluco-pyranosyl)$-28-O-${\beta}-D-glucophyranosyl$ oleanolic acid on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence of IR, $^1H$, $^{13}C-NMR$ and MS.