• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2001

잎상추 수경재배시 배양액 내 NO$_3$-N와 NH$_4$-N 비율 및 pH 조절이 엽중 nitrate 함량에 미치는 효과를 구명하였다. NO$_3$-/NH$_4$$^{+}$의 비율 처리는 12:1, 10:3, 8:5이었으며, 8:5 처리구에 pH를 자동적으로 조절해준 처리구조 설정하였다. pH의 변화는 12:1 처리구에서는 실험기간 동안 계속적으로 상승하는 경향을 보였고, NH$_4$$^{+}$의 비율이 높을수록 pH가 상당한 저하하다가 낮은 수준에서 유지되었다. NH$_4$$^{+}$의 비율이 가장 높았던 8:5에 pH를 자동적으로 조절해준 처리구에서는 5.5-6.5 사이의 안정적인 수준으로 pH를 유지하였다. 엽중 nitrate 함량은 전반적으로 12:1 처리구에서는 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 12:1과 8:5에 pH를 조절해준 처리구에서는 비슷한 양상으로 수확시마다 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 즉, NH$_4$$^{+}$의 비율을 높이고 배양액의 pH를 조절하는 것이 생육 및 엽중 nitrate 함량에 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 1996

본 실험은 NFT재배에서 배양액내 NO$_3$-N과 NH$_4$-N의 비율과 $CO_2$ 시용이 결구상추의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였는데, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배양액의 pH와 EC를 보정하지 않았을 경우, NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0인 구에서의 pH는 점차적으로 증가하였고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 높을수록 급격히 저하하여 pH4.0까지 낮아졌다. 2. 배양액을 보정하지 않은 상태에서 NO$_3$-N 및 NH$_4$-N의 일 변화를 측정하여 본 결과, NO$_3$-N의 흡수율은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 75:25, 50:50 처리구에서 각각 27.7%, 26.1% 였으나 NH$_4$-N의 흡수율은 87.9%, 71.2%로 결구상추는 NH$_4$-N을 우선적으로 흡수하였다. 3. 엽내 무기성분 함량에서 T-N는 NO$_3$-N과 NH$_4$-N 비율에 따른 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, P$_2$O$_{5}$, $K_2$O, CaO, MgO는 생육이 가장 좋았던 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0에서 높게 나타났다. 4. $CO_2$ 시용에 의한 각 처리별 $CO_2$ 동화율도 수량과 같은 경향을 나타내어 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0 처리에서 가장 높았고, 배양액의 NH$_4$-N비율이 높아질수록 현저히 떨어졌다. 5. 결구상추의 생육은 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 시용과 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0 처리에서 가장 좋았고, $CO_2$ 무처리구에 비하여 $CO_2$ 1500ppm 처리구에서 대체로 양호하였으나, NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 75:25, 50:50인 처리에서는 $CO_2$ 시용에 의한 수량의 증가가 경미하여 처리간 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 6. 엽중 nitrate함량은 배양액의 NO$_3$-N함량과 비례하여 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N 이 100:0에서 가장 높았고, vitamin C 함량은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N이 100:0인 처리에서 가장 낮고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 많을수록 높아졌다. $CO_2$ 시용에 의하여 엽중 질산염함량은 경감할 수는 있었으나 그 효과는 경미하였다.다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

본 실험은 양액내 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 잎파(Allium fistulosum L.) 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 양액내 pH는 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 9:1인 처리구에서는 상승하였고, NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 1:1, 1:3인 처리구에서는 하강하는 경향이 있었으나, 3:1 처리구에서는 안정적인 PH를 유지하였다. 외관상 생육은 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 9:1인 처리구에서 가장 양호하였으며, NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 1 :3인 처리구에서 가장 저조하였다. 식물체내의 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N의 함량은 양액내의 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N 비율이 높을수록 증가하였다. Pyruvic acid 함량은 생육이 양호한 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 9:1, 3:1인 처리구에서 높았으며, 1:3처리구에서는 낮았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.479-483
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• 2017

The effect of $NH_3$ plasma treatment on device characteristics was confirmed for an optimized thin film transistor of poly-Si formed by ELA. When C-V curve was checked for MIS (metal-insulator-silicon), Dit of $NH_3$ plasma treated and MIS was $2.7{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}eV^{-1}$. Also in the TFT device case, it was decreased to the sub-threshold slope of 0.5 V/decade, 1.9 V of threshold voltage and improved in $26cm^2V^{-1}S^{-1}$ of mobility. Si-N and Si-H bonding reduced dangling bonding to each interface. When gate bias stress was applied, the threshold voltage's shift value of $NH_3$ plasma treated device was 0.58 V for 1,000s, 1.14 V for 3,600s, 1.12 V for 7,200s. As we observe from this quality, electrical stability was also improved and $NH_3$ plasma treatment was considered effective for passivation.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1993

수경재배에서 암모늄태질소와 질산태질소의 비율이 들깨의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N의 비율을 12:0, 9:3, 6:6(me/$\ell$)으로 처리한 동계 실험의 결과, NO$_3$-N 단용구에서는 pH가 상승했고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 증가할수록 pH는 빠른 속도로 저하되었다. EC는 증가하였는데, 혼용구에서 더 크게 증가하였다. 줄기의 기부둘레, 초장, 뿌리상태, 수확량은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N=6:6에서 가장 좋았으며, NO$_3$-N 단용구에서 생육이 가장 저조하였다. 엽중 무기물 함량중 질소, 칼리, 철, 인산은 NH$_4$-N 혼용구에서 많았고, Ca, Mg, Mn등은 NO$_3$-N 단용구에서 가장 많았다. 사사 : 들깨실험에 관하여 조언해 준 원예시험장의 임채일 연구관과 무기물 분석을 도와준 과수연구소 이한찬, 최인명 씨에게 감사드린다.

• 약학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.98-99
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• 1963

Compound III and IV were formed from I and II with $NH_{2}(CH_{2})_{3}NH_{2}$ respectively. Reduction of I with $LiAlH_{4}$ bollowed by $PoCl_{3}$ treatment affored VIII. Compound VI which was asumed by IR-data were obtained by treatment of $NH_{2}NH_{2}$ upon I or V.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2013

Surface modification by low-pressure ammonia ($NH_3$) plasma on commercial thin-film composite (TFC) membranes was investigated in this study. Surface hydrophilicity, total surface free energy, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and zeta (${\zeta}$)-potentials were determined for the TFC membranes. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the membrane surface chemistry were conducted by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results showed that the $NH_3$ plasma treatment increased the surface hydrophilicity, in particular at a plasma treatment time longer than 5 min at 50 W of plasma power. Total surface free energy was influenced by the basic polar components introduced by the $NH_3$ plasma, and isoelectric point (IEP) was shifted to higher pH region after the modification. A ten (10) min $NH_3$ plasma treatment at 90 W was found to be adequate for the TFC membrane modification, resulting in a membrane with better characteristics than the TFC membranes without the modification for water treatment. The thin-film chemistry (i.e., fully-aromatic and semi-aromatic nature in the interfacial polymerization) influenced the initial stage of plasma modification.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2021

Nitrogen (N) is the most important element during the process of plant growth, and the quality of crops varies depending on the amount of nitrogen present. Most of the nitrogen is used for plant growth, but approximately 10 - 20% of Nitrogen is carried away by the wind in the form of NH₃. This volatilized NH₃ reacts with various oxides in the atmosphere to generate secondary particulate matter. To address this, the present study attempts to reduce NH₃ occurring in the soil using biochar at a specific pH. Biochar was used as a treatment with 1% (w·w^-1) of the soil, and urea was applied at different levels of 160, 320, and 640 kg·N·ha^-1. NH₃ generated in the soil was collected using a dynamic column and analyzed using the indophenol blue method. NH₃ showed the maximum emission within 4 - 7 days after the fertilizer treatment, decreasing sharply afterward. NH₃ emission levels were reduced with the biochar treatment in all cases. Among them, the best reduction efficiency was found to be approximately 25% for the 320 kg·ha^-1 + pH 6.7 biochar treatment. Consequently, in order to reduce the amount of NH₃ generated in the soil, it is most effective to use pH 6.7 biochar and a standard amount (320 kg·N·ha^-1) of urea.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1998

This research was conducted to investigate the effects on the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the number of maggots in the feces from the experimental pigs fed probiotics additives, and the variance of NH3-concentration(ppm) generated in the experimental pig-pens. The experiment was performed twice in the W-farm(under the condition of sufficient energy and protein in Spring) and B-farm(insufficient energy and protein in Summer). The experiment was designed with 5 treatments (control and 4 treatments according to the kinds of additives used). In the W-farm experiment, 75 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 38kg were randomized with 3 replications for 102 days. In the B-farm experiment, 105 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 33kg were randomized with 3 replications for 130 days. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The amount of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the feces was not significantly different among the treatments. But the amount of OM, N and P shows a tendency to be somewhat lowered in the treatment A. On the otherhand, the amount of dry matter was somewhat lowered in the treatment B. The amount of such matters in the W-farm was somewhat lowered than those in B-farm. But there was not significant difference between W-farm and B-farm. 2. On the variance of the number of maggots developed in the pig's feces according to each treatment, the number of maggots in the treatments added probiotics were markedly decreased in comparison with those of the control(T), and it was significantly different(p＜0.01). Especially the decrease in the treatment A and B was much remarkable. 3. The addition of probiotics to the pigs' feeds made the NH3-concentration generated in the pig-pens decrease markedly. especially the NH3-concentration in the treatment A had the highest decreasing ratio among all the treatments. The decreasing ratio of NH3-concentration of the treatments added probiotics as compared to control(T) was 59.1∼80.0%(average 70.3%) in the treatment A, 56.8∼80.0%(ave. 68.5%) in the treatment B and 24.4∼46.0%(ave. 35.0%) in the treatment C and D. On the variance of the NH3-concentration according to the experimental times)seasonal conditions), the NH3-concentration generated in the pig-pens was gradually increased from April to August, on the other hand it was decreased in the September. By the result of this study, it was appeared that the probiotics added to the pigs' feeds made the NH3-concentration decrease in the pig-pens to the extent of safety degree(25 ppm and less) permitted to swine especially in the treatment A and B.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2015

The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation ($6.6{\times}10^8cfu$) and anhydrous ammonia treatment (3%) of wheat straw (WS) were investigated on in-situ dry matter (DM) degradability, and on rumen fermentation and growth performance of lambs. Rumen-fistulated Menemen sheep fed a diet with and without live yeast were used to assess the DM degradability characteristics of WS and ammonia-treated wheat straw ($WS_{NH3}$). Twenty-six yearling Menemen male lambs were fed in four groups. Lambs of control group (WS) received untreated WS without supplemental yeast, whereas other three groups were fed WS treated with anhydrous ammonia ($WS_{NH3}$ group), untreated WS and yeast (WS+YEAST group) or WS treated with anhydrous ammonia and yeast ($WS_{NH3}$+YEAST group). Supplemented live yeast (4 g/d) was added in the diet. Lambs were offered untreated or ammonia treated WS ad-libitum and concentrate was fed at 1% of live body weight. The degradability of the water-insoluble (fraction B) was significantly increased by all of the treatment groups. Potential degradability (A+B), effective DM degradability's (pe2, pe5, and pe8) and average daily weight gain increased only in $WS_{NH3}$+YEAST group (p<0.05). Voluntary DM intake was not increased by the treatments (p>0.05), but voluntary metabolizable energy and crude protein intake were increased by $WS_{NH3}$ and by $WS_{NH3}$+YEAST (p<0.05). Average daily rumen pH was not affected by any of the treatments, but average daily $NH_3$-N was significantly higher in the $WS_{NH3}$ and $WS_{NH3}$+YEAST groups, and total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in the WS+YEAST and $WS_{NH3}$+YEAST groups. In conclusion, the improvement of feed value of WS was better by the combination of ammonia-treatment and yeast supplementation compared to either treatment alone.