• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2006

Purpose : Human metapneumovirus(hMPV) is a respiratory viral pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. The virus has been identified world widely, but so far it has not been published in Korea. Methods : We obtained clinical samples by nasopharyngeal aspiration from 218 children hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infections at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from October, 2004 to April, 2005. We designed specific primers from conserved region of fusion glycoprotein of hMPV. Total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed, and single specific 423 bp product was obtained. The PCR product was confirmed to be fusion glycoprotein RNA by sequencing. Results : We detected hMPV in 15(6.9 percent) of the 218 hospitalized children. The infected children comprised nine boys and six girls; their mean age was 2.8 years(5 mo-12 yrs) and they were diagnosed with pneumonia(60 percent), bronchiolitis(33.3 percent), croup(6.6 percent). The number of cases of detected hMPV in Korea increased dramatically during the period from March to May 2005. Conclusion : hMPV is circulating in Korean children and is associated with respiratory tract infection. Additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of diseases in the general population caused by hMPV.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2019

A components of garlic (Allium sativum) have anti-proliferative effects against various types of cancer. We aimed to investigate the capacity of garlic compounds to anti-tumor on a various cancer cell lines. Fractionation of garlic extract, guided by antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer (AGS) cells, has resulted in the isolation of N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine (NBNMA). We investigated the effect of newly isolated NBNMA from garlic cloves on the inhibition of the growth of CT-26, AGS, HepG2, HCT-116, MCF7, B16F10, and Sarcoma-180 cells for in vitro and CT-26 colon carcinoma cells in vivo. NBNMA exhibited an antiproliferative effect in CT-26 cells by apoptotic cell death. NBNMA exhibited down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and up-regulation of apoptotic Bad protein expression in western blot analyses. In addition, NBNMA meagre activated caspase 3 and caspase 9, initiator caspases of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. NBNMA treatment at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 21 days in experimental mice implanted with tumors resulted in significant reduction of the tumor weight (43%). NBNMA exhibited both in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. These results indicate that NBNMA has promising potential to become a novel anticancer agent from garlic cloves for the treatment of colon carcinoma cancer.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

A radiophotoluminescent glass rod detector (GRD) system has recently become commercially available. We investigate the dosimetric properties of the GRD regarding the reproducibility of signal, dose linearity and energy dependence. The reproducibility of five measurements for 50 GRDs is presented by an average of one standard deviation of each GRD and it is ${\pm}1.2%$. It is found to be linear in response to doses of $^{60}Co$ beam in the range 0.5 to 50 Gy with a coefficient of linearity of 0.9998. The energy dependence of the GRD is determined by comparing the dose obtained using cylindrical chamber to that by using the GRD. The GRD response for each beam is normalized to the response for a $^{60}Co$ beam. The responses for 6 and 15 MV x-ray beams are within ${\pm}1.5%$ (1SD). The energy response of GRD for high-energy photon is almost the same as the energy dependence of LiF:Mg:Ti (TLD-100)and shows little energy dependence unlike p-type silicon diode detector. The GRDs have advantages over other detectors such diode detector, and TLD: linearity, reproducibility and energy dependency. It has been verified to be an effective device for small field dosimetry for stereotactic radiosurgery.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2015

Objectives : We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone monotherapy in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, we did mixed effect model analysis of the effects of risperidone in patients with ASDs naturalistically treated in a routine clinical setting to determine whether the clinical effects were maintained and the side effects were tolerable. Methods : This retrospective study assessed children and adolescents with ASD, who were on risperidone monotherapy from July 2010 to July 2011 at the Child and Adolescent ASD Clinic at Seoul National Hospital. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales along with other clinical indices: dosage, target symptoms, and side effects. Results : The mean dose of risperidone in 47 children and adolescents with ASD (40 males, 7 females; age range 5-19 years) who were on risperidone monotherapy was $1.6{\pm}0.8mg/day$, and the mean duration of the treatment period was $20.2{\pm}17.3months$. Aggressive behavior, stereotypic behavior, irritability, and self-injurious behavior were the most frequent target symptoms of risperidone. The most common side effects were weight gain followed by somnolence and extrapyramidal symptoms. In a mixed effects model analysis of CGI-I scores, the mean CGI-I score at the 1 month follow-up was significantly different from the mean CGI-I score of the 3-month follow-up (p=.046), and the CGI-I scores were equally maintained over 3 to 48 months [F(6, 28.9)=4.393, p=.003]. Of the 47 patients, 33 patients (70.2%) were identified as the response group, showing an end point CGI-I rating of 3 or under and having continued risperidone treatment for at least 6 months. The baseline CGI-S score showed significant association with clinical response to risperidone (p=.005), the mean baseline CGI-S was higher in the response group compared to the non-response group. Conclusion : In this study, clinical improvement of risperidone stabilized around 3 months and was equally maintained up to 48 months with tolerable side effects, supporting maintenance of risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with ASDs.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2015

The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) are commonly used to measure and record the expose of individuals to ionization radiation. Design and performance test results of a newly developed TL and OSL measurement system are presented in this paper. For this purpose, the temperature of the TL material can be controlled precisely in the range of $1{\sim}1.5^{\circ}C$ by using high-frequency (35 kHz) heating system. This high-frequency power supply was made of transformer with ferrite core. For optical stimulation, we have completed an optimal combination of the filters with the arrangement of GG420 filter for filtering the stimulating light source and a UG11 filter at the detecting window (PMT). By using a high luminance blue LED (Luxeon V), sufficient luminous intensity could be obtained for optical stimulation. By using various control boards, the TL/OSL reader device was successfully interfaced with a personal computer. A software based on LabView program (National Instruments, Inc.) was also developed to control the TL/OSL reader system. In this study, a multi-functional TL/OSL dosimeter was developed and the performance testing of the system was carried out to confirm its reliability and reproducibility.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2007

This study was performed to examine the availability of anaerobic digestion of the remainders caused by bacterial cellulose production process using food wastes. They maybe to be considered as others second pollution sources. Thus, this study was targeted to minimize content of organic material and to obtain more energy in those remnants using two-phase UASB reactor. The working volume of first hydrolysis fermentor was 35 L (total 55 L) and the second methane fermentor was 40 L (total 50 L). The organic loading rate of hydrolysis fermentor was 3 g-VS/L${\cdot}$day and 25,000 ppm of $COD_{cr}$ for methane fermentor. The hydraulic retention time was 18 days for hydrolysis reactor and 33 days for methane reactor. The hydrolysis reactor and methane reactor were performed at 35, 40$^{\circ}C$ respectively. For the efficient stable performance, the composition of organic wastes at each stage was as follow; Food waste with bacterial culture remnants (1 : 1), bacterial cellulose remnants, bacterial cellulose culture remnants with food wastes saccharified solids (1 : 1). When the anaerobic digestion was performed stably at each stage, the COD removal efficiency was 88, 90, 91 % respectively. At this time, methane production rate was 0.26, 0.34, $0.32m^3\;CH_4/kg-COD_{remove}$. As well as the values of anaerobic digestion at third stage were more higher than values of anaerobic digestion using food wastes. It is clearly to say that the food wastes zero-emission system constructed in our lab is more efficient way to treat and reclaim food wastes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2021

Plant parasitic nematodes are causing significant damage in crop production. There is a need to develop eco-friendly nematicide that reduces the damage of nematode and has little effect on the environment and human. In this study, we have isolated a substance having nematicidal activity from Ginkgo biloba L. outer seedcoat. Studies of G. biloba L. outer seedcoat are insufficient compared to the seed and leaves due to their odor and toxicity. The dried G. biloba L. outer seedcoat was extracted with dichloromethane:methanol (1:1) and fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate and H₂O. Four steps TLC were performed from EtOAc fraction to purely isolate GB4-3 with nematicidal activity. To compare nematicidal activity, G. biloba L. seedcoat methanol extract and purified GB4-3 were investigated in terms of treatment concentration and time. As a result, the nematicidal activity increased with concentration and time. In the place treated with 20 ㎍/mL of crude G. biloba L. seedcoat MeOH extract, strong activity appeared after 12 hours, and 46% nematicidal activity shown after 18 hours. About 69% of nematicidal activity was confirmed in the place where GB4-3 purified from outer seedcoat was treated with 20 ㎍/mL, and the possibility of development as nematicide was very high. This study could be used as a basic data for the development of a nematode preparation from G. biloba L. outer seedcoat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.537-546
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of chlortetracycline (CTC,110ppm), copper sulfate(Cu, 125ppm) and two levels of probiotics(Prob I, 0.04%, Prob II, 0.1%), Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in growing pigs. A total of 50 pigs that averaged 20.78$\pm$0.35kg BW and 50$\pm$2.3d age were allocated in a randomized block design with two pigs per pen and 5 pens per treatment. Pigs and feeders were weighed 10-days interval for the 40-d trials to determine ADG, ADFI and feed:gain ratio(F:G). Average daily gain, feed intake, feed/gain and nutrient digestibility were not improved(P>0.10) by the supplementation of CTC, Cu and two levels of probiotics. There were significant(P<0.05) Cu effects on digestibility of crude protein, and probiotics effects on digestibilities on organic matter, crude protein and energy between first 20 days and subsequent 20 days. Fecal concentrations of copper were highly increased(P<0.001) by the copper supplementation. Total bacteria and coliform counts were not altered by the supplementation of CTC, Cu and two levels of probiotics. Ammonia emission from slurry, measured during first 3 weeks, was reduced (P<0.001) in pigs fed diet with 125 ppm copper from copper sulfate. Results indicate that CTC, Cu and Probiotics supplementation had a little or not positive effect on grower pig performance under sound environmental conditions. Further studies may be warranted to investigate the effects of dietary copper-either reduced or in combination with dietary ammonia control agents-on the ammonia emission characteristics of swine manure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1988

This study was carried out to realize the effect of gibberllic acid$(GA_3)$, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) on the biosynthesis of vitamin C. The relation between carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin C production in soybean sprouts was also investigated. Growth, vitamin C content, protein, galactonolactone dehydrogenase(GLD), ribulose diphosphate carboxylase(RuDpCO) and RNA level in the plastid and cytoplasm were determined. The effects of protein and respiratory inhibitors on the growth and vitamin C production were also examined. The most favourable growth of soybean sprouts was observed at the level of NAA $10^{-8}M,\;IAA10^{-6}M\;and\;GA_3\;10^{-5}M$ in the single treatment, respectively, and also favourable at levels of $GA_3\;10^{-5}M+NAA\;10^{-9}M\;and\;GA_3\;10^{-5}M+IAA\;10^{-9}M$ in the case of mixed treatment. The excellent growth was observed at the level IAA $10^{-6}M$ among all the single and mixed treatments. When the soybean sprouts were treated with NAA $10^{-8}M,\;IAA\;10^{-6}M\;GA_3\;10^{-5}M,\;GA_3\;10^{-8}M+IAA\;10^{-6}M,\;and\;GA_3\;10^{-5}M+IAA\;10^{-9}M$, the maximum growth rate was observed at the level of IAA $10^{-6}M$ and the conten of vitamin C was 24.26mg% which was 1.6 times higher than that of the control. RuDpCO was inhibited by the chloramphenicol at the concentration that did not inhibit the growth but the activities of NADP-GDH, GLD and vitamin C content were not affected. These results showed that the biosynthesis of viamin C had nothing to do with the activity of chloroplastic RNA but with cytoplasm. The highest vitamin C content was found at the the level of IAA $10^{-6}M$, where the GLD activity increased up 1.8 times of the control. The concentration of IAA $10^{-6}M$ promoted the biosynthesis of RNa and protein both in chloroplast and cytoplasm, especially in the cytoplasm. Thus it suggeted that IAA affected vitamin C biosynthesis by regulating RNA level in the cytoplasm. 2,4-Dinitrophenol as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation did not inhibit the vitamin C biosynthesis, however, all of the respiratory inhibitors severely inhibited the growth and vitamin C biosynthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1753-1759
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of components obtained from Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum on rancidity and quality of Kwamegi (semi-dried Pacific saury, Coloabis saira). Ethanol extract (ZS) of Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaves or the essential oil (ZP) obtained from pericarp of Zanthoxylum piperitum in 1 or 20% ethanol solution was sprayed to the Pacific saury before Kwamegi preparation at its final concentrations of 0.125~2 ppm in the Kwamegi. The prepared Kwamegi was vacuum packed with multi-layered film (polyethylene/polyamide/EVOH/polyethylene, thickness 80 μm) and kept at -20${^{\circ}C}$ until use. After opening the package Kwamegi was stored at 4${^{\circ}C}$ for 1, 3 and 7 days during which rancidity tests and sensory evaluation were carried out. Acid, peroxide, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values increased with storage time but reduced significantly by the addition of ZS at the concentrations of ≥G0.125 ppm and ZP≥F0.25 ppm. The effects of ZS and ZP were dose-dependent and more pronounced as storage time prolonged. The ZS and ZP also reduced dimethyamine and trimethyamine (TMA) contents which were increased with time, while they prevented the decrease of trimethyamine oxide. The ZS at the concentration of ≥G0.25 ppm and the ZP at >0.5 ppm were needed to maintain TMA less than 4.5 mg/100 g for 3 day storage at 4${^{\circ}C}$. Sensory evaluation of the Kwamegi exhibited a slightly higher preference with the ZS and ZP treated ones at the level of 0.25~0.5 ppm. It is concluded that very low amounts of ZS and ZP are effective in suppression of rancidity of Kwamegi and could be utilized for its quality management.