• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2011

Objective : Atractyloides Chinensis Rhizome (ACR) is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for an inflammation and an allergic disease. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how ACR affects the production of inflammatory cytokine. This study was to determine the effects of ACR on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : The amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A23187) in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) incubated with various concentrations of ACR was measured. The TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels were analysised by Western blots. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. NF-${\kappa}$B, phospho-I${\kappa}$B and MAPKs were examined by Western blot analysis. The NF-${\kappa}$B promoter activity was examined by a luciferase assay. Results : 1. The expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. 2. The expressions of IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. 3. The expressions of IL-8 and IL-8 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$ specially. 4. The expressions of Phosphorylated-JNK were decreased, not p38, ERK 5. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}$B were decreased dose-dependently at 0.1-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR. The expressions of Phosphorylated I${\kappa}$B were significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. In addition, ACR suppressed PMA plus A23187-induced NF-${\kappa}$B promoting activity. Conclusion : It is suggested that ACR should suppress through inhibition of NF-${\kappa}$B activity and cytokine production.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4037-4040
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and toxic and side effects of recombinant human endostatin (rhendostatin/endostar) combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients with advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcioma confirmed by histopathology and/or cytological examination were divided into group A (37 patients) and group B (33 patients). Patients in group A were given intravenous drip of 15 mg endostar added into 500 mL normal saline, once every other day until the cessation of chemotherapy or patients' maximal tolerance to chemotherapy. Patients in group B received chemotherapy alone. Two groups selected the same chemotherapy regimens. FOLFIRI scheme: 90-min intravenous drip of $180mg/m^2$ irinotecan, intravenous drip of $200mg/m^2$ calcium folinate (CF) and $400mg/m^2$ 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on d1, and continuous intravenous pumping of 2 $400mg/m^2$ 5-Fu for 46 h. FOLFOX4 scheme: intravenous injection of $85mg/m^2$ oxaliplatin (L-OHP), $200mg/m^2$ calcium folinate (CF) and $400mg/m^2$ 5-FU on d1 for 2 h, and then continuous intravenous pumping of 2 $400mg/m^2$ 5-Fu for 46 h. XELOX scheme: oral administration of 1 $500mg/m^2$ xeloda (or tegafur 50~60 mg) in twice during d1~14 and intravenous drip of $135mg/m^2$ L-OHP on d1 for 2 h. The modified FOLFOX scheme: intravenous injection of $135mg/m^2$ L-OHP on d1 for 2 h, $200mg/m^2$ CF and 1.0 g tegafur during d1~5. Whereas, control Group B received chemotherapy regimens which were same as Group A, but no addition of endostar. Before chemotherapy, patients were given intravenous injection of 8 mg ondansetron, intramuscular injection of 10 mg metoclopramide and 20 mg diphenhydramine for prevention of vomiting, protection of liver and stomach as well as symptomatic supportive treatment. One cycle was 21 d, 4~6 cycles in total. The efficacy was evaluated every 2 cycles. Results: 32 patients in Group A could be evaluated, and the response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 59.38% and 78.13%, respectively. 31 patients in Groups could be evaluated, and the RR and DCR were 32.26% and 54.84%, respectively. The differences between 2 groups were significant. The toxic effects include myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reaction, fatigue, cardiotoxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Preliminary observations show that endostar (once every other day) combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, with low toxic effects, good tolerance, deserving further study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2013

The desulfurization ability of Sphingomonas subarctica T7b was evaluated using resting and immobilized cells with dibenzothiophene (DBT), alkyl DBTs, and commercial light gas oil (LGO) as the substrates. The resting cells of S. subarctica T7b degraded 239.2 mg of the initial 250 mg of DBT/l (1.36 mM) within 24 h at $27^{\circ}C$, while 127.5 mg of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP)/l (0.75 mM) was formed, representing a 55% conversion of the DBT. The DBT desulfurization activity was significantly affected by the aqueous-to-oil phase ratio. In addition, the resting cells of S. subarctica T7b were able to desulfurize alkyl DBTs with long alkyl chains, although the desulfurization rate decreased with an increase in the total carbon number of the alkylated DBTs. LGO with a total sulfur content of 280 mg/l was desulfurized to 152 mg/l after 24 h of reaction. Cells immobilized by entrapment with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) exhibited a high DBT desulfurization activity, including repeated use for more than 8 batch cycles without loss of biodesulfurization activity. The stability of the immobilized cells was better than that of the resting cells at different initial pHs, higher temperatures, and for DBT biodesulfurization in successive degradation cycles. The immobilized cells were also easily separated from the oil and water phases, giving this method great potential for oil biodesulfurization.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1636-1643
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• 2019

Two hydroxybenzoyl amines, 4-hydroxybenzoyl tyramine (4-HBT) and N-2-hydroxybenzoyl tryptamine (2-HBT), were synthesized using Escherichia coli. While 4-HBT was reported to demonstrate anti-atherosclerotic activity, 2-HBT showed anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities. We introduced genes chorismate pyruvate-lyase (ubiC), tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC), isochorismate synthase (entC), isochorismate pyruvate lyase (pchB), and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) for each substrate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), tyramine, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA), and tryptamine, respectively, in E. coli. Genes for CoA ligase (hbad) and amide formation (CaSHT and OsHCT) were also introduced to form hydroxybenzoic acid and amine conjugates. In addition, we engineered E. coli to provide increased substrates. These approaches led to the yield of 259.3 mg/l 4-HBT and 227.2 mg/l 2-HBT and could be applied to synthesize diverse bioactive hydroxybenzoyl amine conjugates.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.705-711
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• 2016

In this experiment, embryos of Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans, were investigated to evaluate toxicity of chemicals along FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans, embryos incubated and investigation of Zn and Benomyl effect by probit analysis. As a result, depends on the concentrations of Zn and Benomyl, mortality and malformation rates were increases and larval body length were decreased. The teratogenic concentration($EC_{50}$) of Zn and Benomyl were 2.3, $1.0mg/{\ell}$, respectively and the embryo lethal concentration($LC_{50}$) Zn and Benomyl were 10.3, 6.9, respectively. The teratogenic index(TI) were 4.4 in Zn and 6.7 in Benomyl, thus showed teratogenicity in embryonic development of B. gargarizans. These results reveal that Zn and Benomyl in this experiment suppressed the development of embryos at relatively low concentration. Much of B. gargarizans embryos can be secured, and easy to incubate. In addition, mortality, malformation ratios, malformation patterns and growth rates are similar to the results from the other assay systems. Therefore, the B. gargarizans embryo teratogenesis assay system could be a useful tool to evaluate toxicity of pollutants in environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

This study investigated the physicochemical properties and antioxidative activity of soymilk added with buckwheat sprout (SBS), and sensory properties of SBS were analyzed with control soymilk (CS). Moisture content decreased while protein, ash, and lipid contents increased according to content of buckwheat sprout. Solids content and viscosity tended to increase with addition of buckwheat sprout from 0% (CS) to 2.5% (2.5SBS), 3.5% (3.5SBS), and 4.5% (4.5SBS). SBS was found the significant pH drop from 7.08 to 6.43, 6.34, and 6.21. Suspension stability of soymilk slightly decreased with addition of buckwheat sprout. Hunter's color value L of SBS decreased while a and b values increased in comparison with CS. Rutin content was measured 23.78 mg/100 g (2.5SBS), 39.68 mg/100 g (3.5SBS), and 44.80mg/100 g (4.5SBS). Vitamin C content in SBS was higher than CS. Daidzin content increased as buckwheat sprout was added. Total phenolic content increased from 100.95 mg/100 g (CS) up to 315.71 mg/100 g (4.5SBS). For free radical scavenging activity, SBS was significantly higher than CS. In conclusion, SBS can be used as a functional food with higher amounts of rutin, vitamin C, total phenolics, and daidzin. 2.5SBS and 3.5SBS also showed better overall quality characteristics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.702-708
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• 2007

The effects of pectinase treatment and other processing conditions on juice yield from Rubus coreanus, and physicochemical changes during alcohol fermentation, were investigated. The yield from R. coreanus increased by 8.60% with Pectinex 100L treatment (500 ppm, 30 min) compared to a control group. The soluble solid content in the group fermented at $24^{\circ}Brix$ by addition of sucrose (24B-group), and the group fermented at $8^{\circ}Brix$ by addition of 16% sucrose after 4 days of fermentation (8B-group) decreased to $8.2{\sim}8.3$ and $7.7{\sim}8.0%$ after 10 days of fermentation, respectively, and no significant differences were observed with Pectinex 100L treatment. Initial titratable acidity in the enzyme treatment was slightly higher ($1.18{\sim}1.22%$) than for the control group (1.02%). The initial $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of R. coreanus juice decreased with enzyme treatment, and the $a^*$ value increased, but the color difference (${\Delta}E$) between the control and enzyme treatment gradually decreased with fermentation time. The ethanol contents in the 24B-group and the 8B-group were $16.01{\sim}16.22%$ and $13.29{\sim}13.52%$, respectively, after 10 days of fermentation. The methanol contents in the enzyme treatment and the control were $0.359{\sim}0.404$ and $0.520{\sim}0.604$ mg/mL, respectively, and within standard regulations (1 mg/mL).

• Nano
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1850123.1-1850123.9
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• 2018

The cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified montmorillonite (MMT) was synthesized via a novel "dissolution and reassembly" method. To determine the optimal formula, the adsorption of C.I. Reactive Red 2 (X3B) with CTAB/MMT was investigated. The optimal CTAB/MMT nanocomposite was used to remove 2,6-dichlorophenol and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions. The adsorption results can be described by Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption capacities were 200 mg/g and 125 mg/g for 2,6-dichlorophenol and p-nitrophenol, respectively. To realize the quick separation and recycle, the magnetic CTAB/MMT was further strategized and synthesized. The adsorption equilibrium time was 15 min for both contaminants; the ions' strength showed a little bit of influence on the adsorption performance. In addition, compared with acidic condition, neutral condition was more beneficial to the adsorption reaction. Due to the addition of $Fe_3O_4$, the adsorption capacities of this magnetic nanocomposite for 2,6-dichlorophenol and p-nitrophenol were a little bit decreased, which were 170 mg/g and 91 mg/g, respectively. However, the magnetic nanocomposite can be separated within 30 s under an external magnetic field, which would be useful in the practical application.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.294-300
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the effect of brown algae on the egg quality of laying hens fed a non-supplemented diet (Control) and a diet supplemented with 10% Undaria pinnatifida (A), Laminaria religiosa (B), and Hijikia fusiforme (C), respectively. Isa Brown (28 weeks old) were raised for 8 weeks. The darkness, redness, and blueness of the egg yolks increased with the addition of brown algae, expecially Undaria pinnatifida (A). The fucoxanthin contents were observed to be only 21.3-34.8 mg% level in the brown algae but they were nearly traced in the egg yolks. Among the analyzed minerals, the Ca, Fe, K contents increased to 391.2, 6.3, and 450.5 mg%, respectively, but the amount of P was reduced to 110.5 mg%. The total mineral contents were higher in the egg yolk with Hijikia fusiforme (C) (1,155.1 mg%) than with any other supplement. The brown algae diet reduced the saturated fatty acid level from 38.3 to 32.1% but increased the unsaturated fatty acid level from 61.5 to 69.6% owing to the rise of the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the nutritional conditions controlling keratinase activity in Bacillus megaterium F7-1. B. megaterium F7-1 produced keratinase using chicken feather as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Addition of the feather medium with glucose enhanced keratinase production (68.9 U/ml), compared to control without glucose (63.2 U/ml). The synthesis of keratinase was repressed by addition of $NH_4Cl$ in B. megaterium F7-1. The highest keratinase production (70.9 U/ml) was obtained with the feather medium containing glucose and $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. Keratinase was produced in the absence of feather (4.9 U/ml), indicating its constitutive synthesis. Feather degradation resulted in free SH group formation. B. megaterium F7-1 effectively degraded chicken feather meal (86%), whereas duck feather, human nail, human hair and sheep wool displayed relatively low degradation rates (8-34%).