• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.854-863
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• 1990

Since the open heart surgery was performed, various kinds of problem concerning the extracorporeal circulation[EGG] have been known. The author investigated the changes of serum potassium ion before and after ECC among the 102 patients including 63 adults and 39 children who underwent open heart surgery from April 19S6 to February 1990 in Chung-Ang University Hospital. The mean values of potassium ion before and after ECC were analyzed according to the influencing factors such as priming solution, aortic cross clamping time, the underlying disease, the type of oxygenator and the amount of cardioplegic solution. The results were as follows: l. In the aspect of congenital and acquired heart disease groups, the mean values of serum potassium ion[Mean\ulcornerS.D.] before and after ECC revealed a significant change only in the acquired heart disease group[congenital; 3.87$\pm$0.48mEq /L vs. 4.05$\pm$0.73mEq /L, P>0.05, acquired: 4.40 $\pm$0.98mEq /L vs. 4.11$\pm$0.52mEq /L, P<0.05]. Between the two groups, the changes of the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC were significant[P<0.05]. But all values were within normal limits. 2. In the aspect of the aortic cross clamping time[ACCT], in the groups of less or more than 120 minutes, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC revealed no significant change[less than 120 min; 3.97+-0.64mEq /L vs. 3.99+0.67mEq /L, P>0.05, more than 120 min; 4.34+0.82mEq /L vs. 4.27+0.62mEq /L, P>0.05], and The changes of mean values of serum potassium ion between the two groups were not significant[P>0.05]. 3. In both membrane and bubble oxygenator groups, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC did not reveal a significant difference respectively [membrane; 4.74 +1.40mEq /L vs. 4.28+0.3lmEq /L, P>0.05, bubble; 4.02 +0.60mEq /L vs. 4.05 L0.68mEq/L, P>0.05], and no differences between the membrane and bubble oxygenator groups[P >0.05]. 4. In the groups of membrane and bubble oxygenator in the cases of ACCT more than 120 minutes, the mean values of serum potassium ion before and after ECC did not reveal a significant difference respectively[membrane; 4.36$\pm$0.85mEq /L vs. 4.37$\pm$0.26mEq /L, P>0.05, bubble; 4.30 $\pm$0.80mEq/L vs. 4.23$\pm$0.67mEq/L, P>0.05], and no differences between the two groups[P>0.05]. 5. In spite of increased amount of cold potassium cardioplegic solution, the mean values of serum potassium ion before ECC were similar to those of serum potassium ion after ECC[less than 20ml /kg

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1982

임신중독증 환자의 식이와 혈청중의 전해질과의 관계를 살펴 보고저 환자의 식단과 혈청중의sodium, potassium, chlorine의 함량을 조사하였다. (1) 환자의 혈청에서 측정된 나트륨 함량은 평균 $147.2{\pm}11.0mEq/l(338.5mg/dl)$로 한국 정상인의 평균치 140mEq/l(322mg/dl)보다 7.2mEq/l(16.5mg/dl)가 높았다. (2) 염소의 함량도 평균 $113.4{\pm}5.6mEq/l(402.5mg/dl)$로서 정상인의 평균치인 103.5mEq/l(365.6mg/dl)와 비교할 때 9.9mEq/l(36.9mg/dl)의 차이를 보여 임신중독증 환자는 정상인보다 혈청중 나트륨과 염소의 함량이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. (3) 칼륨 함량은 평균 $4.59{\pm}0.7mEq/l(17.9mg/dl)$로서 정상인의 칼륨 평균치인 4.2mEq/l(16.3mg/dl)보다 0.39mEq/l(1.5mg/dl)의 차이를 보여 정상인과 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. (4) 임신 중독증 환자의 식단에서 검출된 식염의 함량은 하루에 평균 $20.84{\pm}2.1g$으로서 정상인의하루 섭취량인 19g보다 1.84g을 더 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타나 저염식이를 하고있지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with panic disorder using EQ-5D and EQ-VAS, and to examine the relationship between health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes following treatment. Methods : 29 patients with panic disorder were recruited from the Seoul Metropolitan area and 20 patients were followed up after two months of outpatient treatment. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) was used to assess the severity of the panic disorder and the changes in symptoms. HRQoL was assessed with EQ-5D and EQ-VAS at baseline and at two months of treatment. Results : All enrolled panic disorder patients showed significantly impairment of HRQoL in view of the subscales of EQ-5D, EQ-VAS index scores. The severity of PDSS was correlated the HRQoL in the panic patients. After treatment, the EQ-5D, EQ-VAS index scores showed significant improvement. Conclusion : Panic disorder patients suffer from lower HRQoL as well as from symptoms of the disorder. They showed clinical improvement and a restored HRQoL with treatment. These outcomes suggest using the EQ-5D, EQ-VAS such as the HRQoL in the assessment of patients with panic disorder is essential.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

In order to understand chemical characteristics and formation of dewfall in Miryang area, we analysed monthly distribution of dewfall, and investigated its chemical composition of dewfall. The modified teflon plate ($1m{\times}1m$) was used qualitatively to collect water soluble components at Miryang weather station from August 2002 to April 2003. Dewfall amount during the sampling periods (37 day) collected 5.28 mm. The behaviors of water soluble ions in dewfall showed the highest concentration ($555.8{\mu}eq/l$ for $Cl^-$, $338.6{\mu}eq/l$ for ${NO_3}^-$, $1118.2{\mu}eq/l$ for ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $262.7{\mu}eq/l$ for ${NH_4}^+$, $1341.0{\mu}eq/l$ for ${Ca_2}^+$, $177.8{\mu}eq/l$ for ${Mg_2}^+$, and $325.5{\mu}eq/l$ for $Na^+$) during the April, the lowest concentration ($243.6{\mu}eq/l$ for ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $39.3{\mu}eq/l$ for ${NH_4}^+$ and $456.2{\mu}eq/l$ for ${Ca_2}^+$) during the September. Monthly equivalent ratio of [${SO_4}^{2-}$]/[${NO_3}^-$] showed the highest value (6.45) during the March, the lowest value (1.86) during the September, and the mean value was 2.70.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2017

Objectives Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder, and more attention is recently paid on the quality of life (QoL) in OCD patients. The Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D) is a widely used self-report to calculate a single score which represents 'health utilities'. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related QoL for patients with OCD using the EQ-5D and to examine the relationship between health-related QoL and symptom severity. Methods Seventy-three patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnosis of OCD were recruited from the outpatient clinic in Seoul National University Hospital. Symptom severity was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and QoL was assessed with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Using Korean valuation study, a single score of QoL was calculated. Results Most of the OCD patients were relatively young (< 45 years) with the mean YBOCS total score of 19.33. The mean EQ-5D score was 0.71 and significantly correlated with symptom severity (r = -0.483, p < 0.001). 25% of the EQ-5D score was predicted by the YBOCS total score (b = -0.011, p < 0.001) by regression analysis. Conclusions OCD patients suffer from lower health-related QoL and QoL significantly decreased as symptom severity increased. The results of the EQ-5D would enable further studies on QoL comparison across medical disease and mental disorders.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.147-150
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• 1986

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)의 생리적(生理的) 기초자료(基礎資料)를 확립(確立)하여 실제(實際) 임상(臨床)에 응용(應用)하고자 건강한 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊) 14두(頭)를 대상으로 혈청(血淸)및 제일위액(第一胃液) 전해질(電解質)과 더불어 제일위액(第一胃液)의 pH 및 섬모충총수(纖毛蟲總數)에 대하여 조사(調査)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 혈청전해질직(血淸電解質直)에 있어서 $Na^+$는 $151.9{\pm}4.5$(145~160)mEq/l였고, $K^+$는 $8.1{\pm}1.5$(5.3~10.0)mEq/1였으며, $Cl^-$는 $104.6{\pm}4.6$(99~112)mEq/1였다. 2. 제일위액(第一胃液) 전해질직(電解質直)는 $Na^+$, $K^+$ 및 $Cl^-$이 각각(各各) $104.6{\pm}15.8$(70~131)mEq/l, $38.2{\pm}9.9$(18~58)mEq/l 및 $14.1{\pm}4.3$(8~24)mEq/l였다. 3. 제일위액(第一胃液)의 pH는 $5.6{\pm}0.3$(5.3~6.5)였으며, 섬모충총수(纖毛蟲總數)는 $2.59{\pm}0.8(0.64{\sim}3.29){\times}10^6/ml$였다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

목적 : 혈청전해질 분석기의 종류에 따라 anion gap(이하 AG)의 새로운 참고치가 외국에서 발표되고 있으며, 현재 사용되고 있는 참고치보다 낮게 측정된 연구가 보고되고 있다. 따라서 저자들은 현재 사용되고 있는 분석기에 따른 새로운 AG의 참고치가 필요하였기에 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 방법 : 1997년 3월부터 1997년 7월까지 본원 소아과에 입원한 환아와 이비인후과 수술을 받기 위해 수술전 검사를 시행한 환자중 정상 혈청 알부민과 크레아티닌 수치를 가진 환자 395명을 대상으로 하였다. Na, Cl은 Hitachi 747 analyzer를 이용하여 측정하였고, $TCO_2$는 CX-3 analyzer를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : AG은 한달이내, $11.2{\pm}3.2$ mEq/L; 한달${\sim}1$세미만, $11.8{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L; 1세${\sim}5$세미만, $12{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L; 5세${\sim}10$세미만, $11.7{\pm}3.2$ mEq/L; 10세${\sim}20$세미만, $9.6{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L ; 20세${\sim}60$세, $9.0{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L이며, 10세 이상에서 AG이 현재 사용되고 있는 참고치보다 낮게 측정되었으나 10세미만 그룹에서는 차이점이 업었다. 결론 : 각 병원마다 사용중인 분석기에 따라서 나이별로 AG의 새로운 정상 범위가 결정되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1090-1096
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• 2010

This pitting corrosion study of welded joints of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304L and 316L) has addressed the differentiating solidification mode using three newly introduced filler wires with a flux-cored arc welding process (FCAW). The delta ferrite (${\delta}$-ferrite) content in the welded metals increased with an increasing equivalent weight ratio of chromium/nickel ($Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$). Ductility dip cracking (DDC) was observed in the welded metal containing ferrite with none of AISI 304L and 0.1% of AISI 316L. The potentiodynamic anodic polarization results revealed that the $Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$ ratio in a 3.5% NaCl solution didn't much affect the pitting potential ($E_{pit}$). The AISI 316L welded metals with ${\ddot{a}}$-ferrite content of over 10% had a superior $E_{pit}$ value. Though the AISI 316L welded metal with 0.1% ferrite had larger molybdenum contents than AISI 304L specimens, it showed a similar $E_{pit}$ value because the concentration of chloride ions and the corrosion product induced severe damage near the DDC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1985

It is well documented that calcium is essential to cardiac contraction and the amplitude of contractility is proportional to the ionized calcium not to total calcium. Changes of serum ionic calcium before and after extracorporeal circulation were observed in fifty two patients operated on at Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, from May 21st, 1984, to July 6th, 1984. They were 28 males and 24 females including 21 acyanotic congenital heart diseases, 21 cyanotic congenital heart diseases, and 10 acquired valvular heart diseases. In general, preoperative serum ionic calcium was around the normal level, but those of immediate postoperative day and postop-first day were decreased subnormally with significance [P<0.05 vs. preop.]. From postop-third day, serum ionic calcium was returned to normal range. No significant difference was noticed in subgroups divided by 10 Kg of body weight and by the methods of myocardial protection. But the change of serum ionic calcium in the patients with prolonged pump time over 90 minutes was remarkable and the values were as follow; on immediate postop-day 1.780.18 mEq/L vs. 1.970.20 mEq/L [P<0.005],on postop-first day, 1.940.20mEq/L vs. 2.060.12 mEq/L [P<0.025], on postop-third day, 2.030.11mEq/L vs. 2.150.13mEq/L [P<0.01], and on postop-seventh day, 2.030.09mEq/L vs. 2.190.11mEq/L [P<0.005]. In summary, the serum ionic calcium was lowered after extracorporeal circulation and even severer degree according to the prolongation of bypass time. So, after extracorporeal circulation esp. in the cases with prolonged bypass time, early correction of lowered serum ionic calcium would be helpful to the postoperative hemodynamics.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

The daytime(7 a.m to 10 p.m.) and the nighttime(10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) used to calculate existing $L_{dn}$ is different from the domestic daytime(6 a.m to 10 p.m.) and nighttime(10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) periods. The difference of a time periods makes too difficult for converting measured $L_{eq}$ during daytime($L_d$) and nighttime($L_n$) periods to $L_{dn}$. Thus, it is difficult to directly compare with $L_{dn}$ standard of a foreign country. The pupose of paper is to propose a proper experimental equations that make up for the problems. The data of this paper used road traffic noise data of Auto-Network System(ANS) that generates $L_{eq}$ TNI, $L_{NP}$ for 1 hour. A method of this paper is as follows.(1) The data of ANS converted 24 hour $L_{eq}$ which measured every 1 hour to existing $L_{dn}$ and to $L_{dn}$ of an experimental equations.(2) The existing Lan is compared to results of $L_{dn}$ from experimental equations. The paper proposes a three experimental equations. This paper select an approximate equation that was most similar, to existing $L_{dn}$ out of these equations. When $L_{eq}$ data of different daytime and nighttime periods are converted to $L_{dn}$, an experimental equation of this paper can be used and applied to $L_{dn}$'s calculation.