• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.583-588
• /
• 2002

Two microorganisms isolated from soybean curd residue (biji) were identified as Enterococcus faecium (51% homology) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (99.5% homology) by using gram positive identification (GPI) card and API 50 CHL kit, respectively. Ent. faecium grew well in micronized full-fat soyflour (MFS) milk, indicating pH 4.9, 0.38% acidity and 1.8$\times$10$^{9}$ CFU/$m\ell$ of viable cell counts after fermentation for 20 hr. L. rhamnosus LL showed pH 6.5 and 4.6$\times$10$^{8}$ CFU/$m\ell$ viable cell counts, but enhanced acid production in MFS milk mixture fortified with skim milk or by the addition of 1% of glucose and lactose. On the other hand, Ent. faecium LL did not show increased acid production in MFS/skim milk and MFS milk fortified with sugar. The MFS/skim milk fermented by L. rhmnosus LS and Ent. faecium LL showed 600 mg% and 350 mg% lactic acid, respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 1982

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to achieve normal occlusion and good facial esthetics for individual patients. To produce harmonized facial balance, treatment planning for patient who require orthodontic treatment should include both a hard tissue and soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Author studied to derive the normal standards of soft tissue profile in Koreans by roentgenocephalometric analysis. For this study 12 soft tissue profile landmarks were plotted and 23 linear length, 9 soft tissue thickness, 8 vertical height length, 12 angles of soft tissue profile, and 3 vertical proportion were measured. The subjects consisted of 166 males and 209 females from 7 to 19 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profiles, and were divided into five groups according to age. The obtained results were as follows; 1. From the basis of N-Pog (Nasion-Pogonion) plane, the growth of facial soft tissue in the middle region especially nose area was greater than others facial region. 2. From the basis of G-Pog' (Glabella-soft tissue Pogonion) plane, the values of linear measurement of soft tissue Nasion and Inferior labial sulcus decreased and nose tip grew forward as growing older. 3. The growth of the facial soft tissue thickness was greatest in superior labial sulcus and the thickness of soft tissue nasion gradually became thinner as growing old. 4. The thickness of upper and lower lip was 14.47mm, 14.57mm in adulr male, 12.76mm, 13.78mm in adult female. 5. The soft tissue thickness of the lower lip was thicker than that of upper lip in all age groups and both sexes, 6. The vertical length of the upper and lower lips were 25.04mm, 49.97mm in adult male and 23.50mm, 48.39mm in adult female. 7. By the significant test, there were significant difference between male and female in fifth adult group on all vertical length measurements of lower face. 8. In fifth adult group, the perpendicular distance from LS, LI to Steiner's line and Ricketts' esthetic line were as follow; Steiner line to LS, LI were 7.98mm, 5.84mm in male. Steiner line to LS, LI were 6.71mm, 5.08mm in female. Ricketts' esthetic line to LS, LI were -0.40mm, 1.72mm in male. Ricketts' esthetic line to Ls, LI were -1.38mm 0.65mm in female. 9. In fifth adult group, the facial convexity angle and lower facial component angle were $171.17^{\circ}142.94^{\circ}$ in male and $172.5^{\circ}$, $144.41^{\circ}$ in female.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.277-288
• /
• 2015

Purpose: As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the current aging society, there is much concern regarding the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. Methods: In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 267 elderly women. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data were incomplete, information from 213 subjects was analyzed. The subjects were divided into three family types, living alone (LA, n = 74), living with spouse (LS, n = 78), and living with children (LC, n = 61). Results: The mean age of the LA group was the highest, while the mean age of the LS group was the lowest (p < 0.001), and WHR of the LC group was the highest (p = 0.049). Income was the highest in the LS group (p < 0.001). Frequency of eating out was the lowest in the LA group (p = 0.031). By Duncan's multiple analysis, the amounts of energy intake, vegetable protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, Vit D, Vit E, $Vit\;B_2$, niacin, $Vit\;B_6$, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the LS group compared with the LA or LC group (p < 0.05). The intakes of calcium, Vit D, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were still significantly different among the three groups, even after adjustment for age and monthly income. The LA group ate less fruit and fish than the LS or LC group (p < 0.05). The LA group showed the lowest dietary diversity and the LS group showed the highest diversity (p = 0.014), however, the significance of dietary diversity score among the three groups disappeared after adjustment for age and monthly income. Conclusion: Elderly women living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than elderly women living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary elderly women who do not live with their spouse or children should be offered greater opportunities to receive a balanced meal at a congregational kitchen or welfare center. To ensure their healthy diet, it is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.48-51
• /
• 2008

The standardization on superconducting application techniques has been focused only in testing method or material itself, but, recently, it is actively proceeded by superconducting technical committee(TC) of international electro technical commission(IEC). In this paper, the standardization organization and its necessary process is introduced and the standardization technique for 22.9kV, 50MVA HTS power cable is prescribed. Throughout this research, it is possible to take priorities on the standardization technique in HTS power cable application. And moreover it can also contributes to the commercialization of HTS power cable.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.65 no.5
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2022

Background: The use of systemic steroids for 6+ weeks in children is associated with decreased bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). However, the effects of a shorter duration of use on BMD are unknown. Purpose: To determine the effect of the use of systemic steroids for 2-6 weeks on BMD and BMC in pediatric patients. Methods: Twenty-five pediatric patients (21 with tuberculosis, 2 with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 1 with inflammatory bowel disease, 1 with autoimmune hemolytic anemia) who received systemic steroids for 2-6 weeks and 25 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. BMC, BMD, and z scores of the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), nondominant distal radius (DR), and total body less the head (TBLH) were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline, the end of steroid therapy or 6 weeks (whichever was earlier; first follow-up), and at the end of 3 months from baseline (second follow-up) in patients and at baseline in controls. The values were adjusted for confounding variables. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using Student t test and the chi-square test or Fisher exact test, respectively. Pairwise comparisons employed Bonferroni correction. Results: Statistically significant decreases in BMC, BMD, and all z scores were observed. BMC declined by 5.37%, 2.08%, 1.82%, and 2.27%, and 11.42%, 3.75%, 3.34%, and 4.17% for WB, LS, DR, and TBLH, respectively, at the first and second follow-ups, respectively. Similarly, BMD declined by 2.01%, 2.31%, 2.18%, and 1.70% and 4.59%, 3.76%, 3.14%, and 3.50% for the WB, LS, DR, and TBLH, respectively, at the first and second follow-ups, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found among bone densitometric parameters, duration, and cumulative dose. Conclusion: The use of systemic steroids for 2-6 weeks in pediatric patients decreased the BMD and BMC of trabecular and cortical bones, an effect that persisted after discontinuation.

• Photonics industry news
• /
• s.38
• /
• pp.22-23
• /
• 2007

광주 광산업단지에 입주한 업체중에 2005년에 비해 매출액기준 10배 이상 성장한 업체가 있어 다른 업체의 부러움을 사고 있다. 광주에 둥지를 튼 (주)오이솔루션은 창업후 작년까지 약 50억원의 연구 개발비를 투입한 결과 2005년에 8억원 정도이던 매출이 2006년에는 약 100여억원에 달하였으며 2007년에도 작년의 2배정도 매출을 기대하고 있다. 개발한 제품은 KT, 하나로통신 LS전선 등 국내업체와 유럽 및 남미에 고정거래처를 확보하고 있으며, 올해는 더욱 연구 개발에 박차를 가하면서 해외수출에 전념해 200억원의 매출을 달성할 예정이다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2018

Taking three types of bridge bearings with diameter being 100 mm as examples, the theoretical analysis, the experimental research as well as the numerical simulation of these bearings is conducted. Since the normal compression and shear machines cannot be applied to the small-size bearings, an improved equipment to test the properties of these bearings is proposed and fabricated. Besides, the simulation of the bearings is conducted based on the explicit finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and some parameters of the bearings are modified in the finite element model to reduce the computation cost effectively. Results show that all the research methods are capable of revealing the fundamental properties of the small-size bearings, and a combined use of these methods can better catch both the integral properties and the inner detailed mechanical behaviors of the bearings.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.162-170
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to differentiate between women with three perimenstrual symptom severity patterns : premenstrual syndrome(PMS), premenstrual magnification(PMM), and low symptom(LS), and to explore the related dietary factors to premenstrual symptoms. Method: Women were asked to keep a diary record of perimenstrual symptoms and food intake for 50 days. Result: Symptom patterns were defined for 26 among 38 women ; Eight(21.1%) demonstrated a PMS pattern, three(7.9%) demonstrated a PMM pattern, and fifteen(39.5%) exhibited a LS pattern. There were significant differences in symptom scores during the premenstrual phase($x^2=19.30$, p=.000), menstrual phase($x^2=13.32$, p=.001), and post menstrual phase($x^2=9.93$, p=.007) for three groups. Protein, vit E, vit C, niacin, folic acid, and phosphorus in the premenstrual phase, and energy, and vit B6 in the menstrual period were significantly different between the three groups. Among dietary compositions, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, natrium, vit B6, niacin, and vit E were negatively related to PMS symptoms. Conclusion: Pattern of perimenstrual symptoms should be differentiated for individualized PMS management. As a more efficient diet assessment for PMS women, randomized nutritional analysis during the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle should be done and a replication study is necessary with a larger sample.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2015

Genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are two excellent approaches to multimodal optimization problems. However, slow convergence or premature convergence readily occurs because of inappropriate and inflexible evolution. In this paper, a novel optimization algorithm with a flexible grid optimization (FGO) is suggested to provide adaptive trade-off between exploration and exploitation according to the specific objective function. Meanwhile, a uniform agents array with adaptive scale is distributed on the gird to speed up the calculation. In addition, a dominance centroid and a fitness center are proposed to efficiently determine the potential guides when the population size varies dynamically. Two types of subregion division strategies are designed to enhance evolutionary diversity and convergence, respectively. By examining the performance on four benchmark functions, FGO is found to be competitive with or even superior to several other popular algorithms in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency, tending to reach the global optimum earlier. Moreover, FGO is evaluated by applying it to a parameter decision in a least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) to verify its practical competence.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2006

For the practical application on SCFCL, Bi2212 tubes were fabricated by Centrifugal Forming Process (CFP) in terms of many different processing parameters. Typical sizes of tubes were 60, 150 mm in length and 2.5, 3.5, 4.8 mm in thickness. Initially powder was melted by induction heating. The optimum range of melting temperatures and preheating temperature were $1100^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$ for 30min respectively. The nominal mold rotating speed was around 1000 RPM. A tube was annealed at $840^{\circ}C$ for 80 hours in oxygen atmosphere. The tube of 50mm x 70mm x 2.5mm, rotated with 1000 RPM showed $I_c=890\;A\;and\;T_c=80$. It was found that the tube processed with faster rate of mold rotation speed, thinner tube thickness and shorter tube length shows better electric characteristics as compared with the tube normally processed. In order to study the uniformity heat and fluid flow analysis tool was adopted along tube.