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SELF-ADJOINT INTERPOLATION ON Ax = y IN CSL-ALGEBRA ALGL

  • Kang, Joo-Ho;Jo, Young-Soo
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제15권1_2호
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    • pp.503-510
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    • 2004
  • Given vectors x and y in a Hilbert space, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator T such that Tx = y. An interpolating operator for n vectors satisfies the equation $Tx_i\;=\;y_i,\;for\;i\;=\;1,\;2,\;\cdots,\;n$. In this paper the following is proved: Let H be a Hilbert space and L be a commutative subspace lattice on H. Let H and y be vectors in H. Let $M_x\;=\;\{{\sum{n}{i=1}}\;{\alpha}_iE_ix\;:\;n\;{\in}\;N,\;{\alpha}_i\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{C}}\;and\;E_i\;{\in}\;L\}\;and\;M_y\;=\;\{{\sum{n}{i=1}}\;{\alpha}_iE_iy\;:\;n\;{\in}\;N,\;{\alpha}_i\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{C}}\;and\;E_i\;{\in}\;L\}. Then the following are equivalent. (1) There exists an operator A in AlgL such that Ax = y, Af = 0 for all f in ${\overline{M_x}}^{\bot}$, AE = EA for all $E\;{\in}\;L\;and\;A^{*}\;=\;A$. (2) $sup\;\{\frac{{\parallel}{{\Sigma}_{i=1}}^{n}\;{\alpha}_iE_iy{\parallel}}{{\parallel}{{\Sigma}_{i=1}}^{n}\;{\alpha}_iE_iy{\parallel}}\;:\;n\;{\in}\;N,\;{\alpha}_i\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{C}}\;and\;E_i\;{\in}\;L\}\;<\;{\infty},\;{\overline{M_u}}\;{\subset}{\overline{M_x}}$ and < Ex, y >=< Ey, x > for all E in L.

I-SSR 분석에 의한 노각나무 천연집단의 유전변이 (Genetic Variation in the Natural Populations of Korean Stewartia (Stewartia koreana Nakai) Based on I-SSR Analysis)

  • 양병훈;구영본;박용구;한상돈
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 특산수종이며 조경 및 원예적 가치가 높은 노각나무 유전변이를 조사하기 위해 6개 천연집단을 선발하여 DNA I-SSR 표지자를 사용, 유전다양성 및 유전구조를 조사하였다. 5개의 I-SSR primer(#813, 815, 818, 820, 823)에서 총 61개의 증폭산물을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 유전 다양성을 나타내는 P(Percentage of polymorphic loci)값과S.I.(Shannon's information Index)가 남쪽에 분포하는 오봉산(P=88.5%, S.I.=0.467), 금산(P=86.9%, S.I.=0.427), 바랑산(P=83.6%, S.I.=0.425)집단이 높았으며, 북쪽(내륙)에 분포하는 소백산(P=80.3%, S.I.=0.396), 지리산(P=77.1%, S.I.=0.368), 가야산(P=75.4%, S.I.=0.358)집단은 낮았다. 전체 유전변이 중 11.8%만이 집단간에 기인하는 것으로 나타났고, 나머지 88.2%는 집단내 개체간의 차이에서 기인하였다. 유전거리를 이용하여 UPGMA법에 의한 유집분석을 실시한 결과 지리적 분포에 대한 뚜렷한 경향은 나타나지 않았다.

집합 I/O와 부분군 기법의 성능 분석 (An Analysis of the Performance of Collective I/Os and the Subgroup Method)

  • 차광호;조혜영;김성호
    • 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.513-516
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    • 2007
  • 많은 과학 분야 응용 어플리케이션들이 대규모 데이터 처리를 수행하면서, 병렬 I/O의 중요성이 급속도로 부각되고 있다. 특히 집합 I/O는 병렬 I/O의 중요한 개념 중 하나이며, 응용 프로그래머들이 쉽게 대용량 데이터를 취급할 수 있도록 해주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 원래의 집합 I/O들과 집합 I/O를 효과적으로 쓰기 위한 방법 중 하나인 부분군 기법의 성능을 측정하고 분석하였다. 실험 결과를 통하여 두 종류의 부분군 기법이 서로 다른 성능을 보임을 확인하였다. 집합 쓰기의 경우 부분군 기법은 성능저하를 나타냈으나 집합 읽기의 경우 적은 데이터를 사용하는 경우 우수한 성능을 보여 주고 있음을 확인하였다.

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IP 스위칭 시스템을 위한 iSLIP 스케줄링에 기반의 Dual 라운드로빈 설계 및 분석 (Design and Analysis of a Dual Round-Robin based iSLIP (DiSLIP) Scheduling Scheme for IP Switching System)

  • 최진식;양미정;김태일
    • 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2007
  • 본 논문에서는 IP 스위칭 시스템을 위한 iSLIP 기반의 Dual Round Robin(DRR) 방식 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제시한다. 기존의 iSLIP 방식과 DRR 방식을 결합하여 단점은 최소화하면서 DRR이 가진 분배기능의 장점과 iSLIP 기능이 가진 고성능의 장점을 이용할 수 있게 한다. 불균일한 트래픽 환경에서 스위치에서의 처리율과 지연성능을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인한다. 또한 제안된 방식은 기존의 iSLIP과 비교하여 구현 복잡성을 매우 낮아짐을 보인다. 이러한 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 스케줄링 알고리즘이 기존의 DRR에 비해 우수한 성능을 iSLIP에 비해 구현의 복잡성에서 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

Endotoxin-induced renal tolerance against ischemia and reperfusion injury is removed by iNOS, but not eNOS, gene-deletion

  • Kim, Jee-In;Jang, Hee-Seong;Park, Kwon-Moo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제43권9호
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    • pp.629-634
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    • 2010
  • Endotoxin including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) confers organ tolerance against subsequent challenge by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) insult. The mechanisms underlying this powerful adaptive defense remain to be defined. Therefore, in this study we attempted to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) and its associated enzymes, inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS, a constitutive NOS), are associated with LPS-induced renal tolerance against I/R injury, using iNOS (iNOS knock-out) or eNOS (eNOS knock-out) gene-deleted mice. A systemic low dose of LPS pretreatment protected kidney against I/R injury. LPS treatment increased the activity and expression of iNOS, but not eNOS, in kidney tissue. LPS pretreatment in iNOS, but not eNOS, knock-out mice did not protect kidney against I/R injury. In conclusion, the kidney tolerance to I/R injury conferred by pretreatment with LPS is mediated by increased expression and activation of iNOS.

재발한 악성 갈색세포종 환자에서 $^{131}I$-Metaiodobenzylguanidine ($^{131}I$-MIBG) 치료 후 $^{131}I$-MIBG와 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 영상의 차이점 (A Discrepancy between $^{131}I$-Metaiodobenzylguanidine ($^{131}I$-MIBG) Scintigraphy and $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT after $^{131}I$-MIBG Therapy in a Patient with Recurred Malignant Pheochromocytoma)

  • 김근호;김성민;서영덕
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.582-587
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    • 2009
  • A 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with malignant pheochromocytoma underwent $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). She had undergone left adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma 4 years previously. Recent multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules were noted on the chest X-ray. After treatment with $^{131}I$-metaiodobenzylguanidine ($^{131}I$-MIBG) with 7.4 GBq, post-therapy $^{131}I$-MIBG scintigraphy depicted multiple distant metastases including lung, liver, abdominal para-aortic and mesenteric lymph nodes. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT also depicted multiple metastases in lung, liver, and abdominal para-aortic lymph nodes, but some lesions were not shown. In this case, $^{131}I$-MIBG scintigraphy found additional lesions in metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma.

變形된 活性汚泥法과 톱밥 土壤濾過法을 利用한 畜産廢水處理에 關한 硏究 (Study on the Livestock Waste Water Treatment by the Modified Activated-Sludge Process and Sawdust-Soil Filter Method)

  • 전병수;곽정훈;탁태영
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.77-82
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    • 1995
  • In order to investigate the purification effects of livestock waste water, Modified Activated-Sludge Process(MASP) containing marine silica and volcanic ash-rock as the contact media and Sawdust-Soil Filter Method were used. The results obtained are as follows: 1. MASP which treated two metric tons' livestock waste water a day decreased BOD by 97.5% from 4,400.0mg/I to 108.8mg/I and SS by 98.0% from 5,335.0mg/I to 111.0mg/I. 2. MASP decreased BOD by 93.9% from 2,549.1mg/I to 156.6mg/I and SS by 96.3% from 3,521.9mg/I to 132.0mg/I when ten metric ton's livestock waste water was treated a day. 3. BOD and SS were decreased by 83.4% from 45.1mg/I to 7.5mg/I and by 83.4% from 47.5mg/I to 7.9mg/I when the supernatant layer treated by MASP was purified by Sawdust-Soil Filter Method.

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이종의 Beacon 신호 송수신을 통한 iBeacon의 성능 개선에 관한 연구 (A Research on Performance Improvement of iBeacon Using Transmission and Reception of Different Beacon Signals)

  • 김철훈;홍승현;이성원
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.108-114
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문은 기존의 iBeacon에서 더 많은 양의 정보를 표현하기 위한 서로 다른 종류의 Beacon 신호 송수신 방안을 제안한다. iBeacon은 정보를 보낼 때 실질적으로 Major와 Minor 만을 이용할 수 있기 때문에 사용자가 사용할 수 있는 정보는 총 4byte로 한정적이다. 제안하는 방안은 Major와 Minor가 다른 Beacon 신호를 연속으로 송수신함으로써 더 많은 정보를 이용할 수 있게 한다. 그로 인하여 iBeacon으로 사람 및 물건 인식이 가능해지고, iBeacon의 활용 범위는 더욱 넓어지게 된다. 또한, 어플리케이션 구현을 통하여 제안한 방안이 동작함을 검증하였다.

Changes in the Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) in Bovine Milk According to the Lactation Period and Parity

  • Kang, S.H.;Kim, J.U.;Kim, Y.;Han, K.S.;Lee, W.J.;Imm, J.Y.;Oh, S.;Park, D.J.;Moon, Y.I.;Kim, S.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.119-123
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    • 2007
  • The objectives of this study were to characterize the changes occurring in the levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) in bovine milk during a one-year lactation period, and to determine the parameters affecting IGF content in bovine milk. Milk was collected individually from lactating Holstein cows (n=70), and IGF-I and -II levels were determined via radioimmunoassay, using 125I after acid-ethanol treatment. The proximate compositions of the milk samples were determined using a near-infrared milk analyzer. The data were analyzed by the GLM and CORR procedures using SAS software to determine significant differences (p<0.05) occurring within groups (dairy farms, lactation periods, season, and parity). We noted an approximately six-fold reduction in the IGF-I concentration (from 2,462.7 to 353.0 ng/ml) and a three-fold drop in the IGF-II concentration (from 929.1 to 365.7 ng/ml) in the bovine colostrum, between 6 h after parturition and 18 h after parturition. IGF-I and -II content, measured at the early, middle, and late stages of lactation did not change significantly throughout the entirety of the lactation period. Interestingly, parity did not significantly affect IGF-I content, but did significantly affect IGF-II content between the primiparous and multiparous cows. We also found there were no significant relationships between IGF-I and total protein content or somatic cell counts (p<0.05).

The Photoheterotrophic Growth of Bacteriochlorophyll Synthase-Deficient Mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Is Restored by I44F Mutant Chlorophyll Synthase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

  • Kim, Eui-Jin;Kim, Hyeonjun;Lee, Jeong K.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.959-966
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    • 2016
  • Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) and bacteriochlorophyll synthase (BchG) have a high degree of substrate specificity. The BchG mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, BG1 strain, is photosynthetically incompetent. When BG1 harboring chlG of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was cultured photoheterotrophically, colonies arose at a frequency of approximately 10-8. All the suppressor mutants were determined to have the same mutational change, ChlGI44F. The mutated enzyme ChlGI44F showed BchG activity. Remarkably, BchGF28I, which has the substitution of F at the corresponding 28th residue to I, showed ChlG activity. The Km values of ChlGI44F and BchGF28I for their original substrates, chlorophyllide (Chlide) a and bacteriochlorophyllide (Bchlide) a, respectively, were not affected by the mutations, but the Km values of ChlGI44F and BchGF28I for the new substrates Bchlide a and Chlide a, respectively, were more than 10-fold larger than those for their original substrates, suggesting the lower affinities for new substrates. Taken together, I44 and F28 are important for the substrate specificities of ChlG and BchG, respectively. The BchG activity of ChlGI44F and the ChlG activity of BchGF28I further suggest that ChlG and BchG are evolutionarily related enzymes.