• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 2018

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has been used therapeutically for various conditions including dystonia, cerebral palsy, wrinkle, hyperhidrosis and pain control. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) receive orofacial nociceptive information from primary afferents and transmit the information to higher brain center. Although many studies have shown the analgesic effects of BoNT/A, the effects of BoNT/A at the central nervous system and the action mechanism are not well understood. Therefore, the effects of BoNT/A on the spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs) in the SG neurons were investigated. In whole cell voltage clamp mode, the frequency of sPSCs was increased in 18 (37.5%) neurons, decreased in 5 (10.4%) neurons and not affected in 25 (52.1%) of 48 neurons tested by BoNT/A (3 nM). Similar proportions of frequency variation of sPSCs were observed in 1 and 10 nM BoNT/A and no significant differences were observed in the relative mean frequencies of sPSCs among 1-10 nM BoNT/A. BoNT/A-induced frequency increase of sPSCs was not affected by pretreated tetrodotoxin ($0.5{\mu}M$). In addition, the frequency of sIPSCs in the presence of CNQX ($10{\mu}M$) and AP5 ($20{\mu}M$) was increased in 10 (53%) neurons, decreased in 1 (5%) neuron and not affected in 8 (42%) of 19 neurons tested by BoNT/A (3 nM). These results demonstrate that BoNT/A increases the frequency of sIPSCs on SG neurons of the Vc at least partly and can provide an evidence for rapid action of BoNT/A at the central nervous system.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

Objectives : In Oriental Medicine, the improvement of constipation is very important for patients at the acute stage of cerebrovascular accident. For constipation, oral medicine has usually been used but is not available to stroke patients with dysphagia and mental disorder, and may bring about side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. In such cases, general enema has been used for assistant therapy, We needed to develop a more effective enema technique on constipation of stroke patients. Methods : Sixty-three patients were researched. We treated 29 patients with Bo-Ryu enema and 34 patients with general enema. To compare the effect of the Bo-Ryu enema group with that of the general enema group, we analyzed general characteristics, bowel movement, abdominal examination and related symptoms. Results : Sixty-three patients comprised the Bo-Ryu (n=29) and general (n=34) enema groups. Between the Bo-Ryu and general enema groups, the Bo-Ryu enema was more effective than the general enema in the number of bowel movements, total and corrected amount of stool, tonus of rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal discomfort. However, there were not significant differences in the power of abdominal muscle, digestion and physical power. Among the subgroups, Bo-Ryu enema group was most effective in the number of bowel movements, total amount of stool and tonus of rectus abdominis muscle, and Bo-Ryu enema group was best in the corrected amount of stool and abdominal discomfort. Conclusions : Bo-Ryu enema should be considered as an effective and safe treatment for patients with constipation during the acute stage of cerebrovascular accident.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2005

1. In Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam, Ondamtng & its Gagambang are applied for the sudden palpitation, epilepsy, the insomnia of exhaustion and an acute convulsion which are caused by the asthenia of heart and gall bladder(心膽虛怯). 2. In Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam, Guibitang & its Gagambang are applied for amnesia, amenorrhea, upper abdominal pain, the itching sign the pubic region, the hernia of the vulva which are caused by the asthenia of heart and spleen(心脾兩虛). 3. In Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam, Soyosan & its Gagambang are applied for epilepsy, the hemorrhage in time of coughing, the intermittent fever, metrorrhagia, various woman's diseases which are caused by the depression of vital energy of liver(肝氣鬱結).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

This study was accomplished to illuminate factors of contamination of microbes in the culture medium and effect of antibiotics on prevention of contamination in the medium when bovine follicular oocyte was matured, fertilized and developed in vitro. 1. When washed or unwashed semen diluted with TCM 199 was incubated for 24∼72hr, contamination was come out. 2. When diluted semen with TCM 199 which has penicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin or nystatin was incubated for 24∼72hr, contamination was not come out only in kanamycin. 3. When imported semen which was diluted in TCM 199 with penicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin or nystatin was incubated for 24∼72hr, contamination was not come out in all treatments. 4. When semen which was diluted in BO, CZB, Ham's F10 or TCM 199 was incubated for 24∼72hr, kanamycin showed no contamination in all treatments, but gentamycin showed contamination in CZB, Ham's F10 and TCM 199. 5. When the semen diluted in BO was moved at 24hr after incubation into BO and incubated for 72hr, contamination was not come out, but when it was moved into the TCM 199 and incubated for 72hr, contamination was come out at 48 to 72hr of incubation. 6. When the semen diluted in BO, BO＋BSA or BO＋FBS containing gentamycin, kanamycin or nystatin was incubated for 24∼72hr, the diluted semen in BO or BO＋BSA showed no contamination in all antibiotics but the diluted semen in BO＋FBS showed no contamination only in kanamycin. 7.The Pseudomonas cepacia, Serratia liquefaciens, Klebsiella pneumaniae was respectively isolated in the semen of A, B, and C bull and the microbes are highly affected by amikacin, tobramycin and kanamycin. 8. When bovine folicular oocyte was in vitro matured, fertilized and developed in the simple medium with kanamycin, 26.6% was developed to over 32cell stage embryo.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.210-221
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• 1999

A clinial observation was done on 12 cases of paralytic ileus patients, treated by Bo-Ryu Enema(保留灌腸), who were hospitalized from May 1, 1995 to October 31, 1996 at the Department of Oriented Internal Medicine II, Oriental Medicine Hospital. Taejon University. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio between male and female was 1 : 1.4. The distribution of age. 70' years or over, 60', 50' years generation were revealed in turn. 2. In classiffication of human coporeal constitution, Soeumin(少陰人) were 9 cases(75.0%), Taeumin(太陰人) 2 cases (16.7%), Soyangin(少陽人) 1 case (8.3%). 3. In distribution of disease on admission, Stroke sequela was the most number with 7 cases(58.3%), Stroke 3 cases(25.3%). Hypertensive encephalopathy and Brain tumor were 1 case, each other. 4. The effect of treated by Bo-Ryu Enema was as follows: Each of Excellent(良好) and Good(好戰) were 6 cases(50%) but. Fair(別無好戰) and Poor(惡化) were no case.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1791-1797
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• 2007

A study was conducted with 70 Hanwoo (Korean cattle) for genotyping bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3.2 gene by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence based typing (SBT). Two-step PCR was carried out for amplifying a 284 bp fragment of the target gene and the PCR products were digested with three restriction enzymes namely RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Seventeen alleles were detected with frequencies ranging from 1.43 to 18.57% and one (x'aa) of these alleles was identified as a new allele that has not been reported before. The frequency of the new x'aa allele identified in this breed was 12.86%. In addition, the seven most frequently observed alleles (DRB3.2 *10, *15, *16, *26, *27, *54 and x'aa) accounted for 74.28% of the alleles in this population. The phylogenetic tree showed that the BoLA-DRB3.2 allele sequences of Hanwoo were shared with other Bos taurus breeds and no specific clade for Hanwoo was identified. It indicates high heterogeneity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in this population and may give some ideas for breeding animals having better disease resistance.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.114-115
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• 2007

In this study, low temperature sintering property of the $0.6TiTe_3O_8-0.4MgTiO_3$ ceramics with sintering adds were investigated for LTCC application which enable to cofiring with Ag electrode. $TiTe_3O_8$ mixed with $MgTiO_3$ to improve the temperature property. In the X-ray diffraction patterns, the columbite structure of $TiTe_3O_3$ phase and ilmenite structure of $MgTiO_3$ phase were coexisted in all specimens. In the case of $H_3BO_3$ addition, the bulk density and dielectric constant were decreased but quality factor was increased with amount of $H_3BO_3$ additions. The TCRF of the $0.6TiTe_3O_8-0.4MgTiO_3+xwt%H_3BO_3$ ceramics were moved to positive direction. In another case, SnO addition, the bulk density and dielectric constant were increased but Quality factor was decreased with amount of SnO additions. The TCRF of the $0.6TiTe_3O_8-0.4MgTiO_3$+ywt%SnO ceramics were shifted to negative direction. The dielectric constant, quality factor and TCRF of the $0.6TiTe_3O_8-0.4MgTiO_3$ ceramics with $2wt%H_3BO_3$ and 2.5wt%SnO sintered at $830^{\circ}C$ for 1h, were 28.5, 39,570GHz, $+9.34ppm/^{\circ}C$ and 29.86, 35,80000z, $-0.58ppm/^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.379-386
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• 1995

LiOH-$H_{3}$BO_{3}$ 용액중에서의 Zircaloy-4 핵연료 피복관의 부식가속과 억제현상을 조사하고 이러한 부식특성에 미치는 Li 및 B의 영향을 해석하기 위하여, 여러 조건의 LiOH-$H_{3}$BO_{3}$ 용액을 사용하여 35$0^{\circ}C$, 165bar의 고온, 고압 조건에서 Zircaloy-4 피복관의 노외 부식시험을 수행하였다. 원전 수화학 모의조건에 대응되는 용액 중에서의 부식속도의 천이는 물 분위기에서 보다 빨리 발생되고 천이후 물 분위기와 거의 유사한 부식속도를 나타내는 천이적 후의 부식거동을 보였다. 한편 pH의 변화는 부식특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 부식가속과 억제 모의실험으로부터, 산화막내로 침투하는 Li의 양이 용액중 Li 농도에 크게 의존하며, Li 농도가 일정하게 정해진 용액의 경우 B 첨가에 관계없이 산화막내에 일정량의 Li이 농축될수 있다는 가정을 제시하였다. 또한 B 첨가에 의한 부식억제가 B 또는 B-(OH) 화합물의 산화막내 Li 침투 억제에 의한 것이 아니라 일들에 의해 산화막내로 산화성 성분의 이동이 억제되는데 기인할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 부식가속 개시점에 대응되는 산화막 두께측정 결과와 용액내 Li 농도간의 관계로부터, 용액중 Li 농도가 높을수록 부식가속이 얇은 산화막 두께에서 시작됨을 알았다. 특히 노내조건에서의 핵연료 피복관의 부식가속이 산화막내 Li 농축에 의해 일어나는 부식특성으로 해석될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2000

During 9 months the clinical study on the 45 cases constipation patients caused by C.V.A, who were treated with Bo-Riu Enema, was done in the Department of Oriental Internal Medicine II, Oriental Medicine Hospital, Taejon University. The result of this study is compared with glycerin-enema treated group. The results were as follows ; 1. The incidence rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in old aged group. 2. The incidence rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in Tae-Um-In(太陰人). 3. The improvement rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in Bo-Riu Enema treated group than in glycerin-enema. 4. The admission period is shorter in Bo-Riu Enema treated group than in glycerin-enema. 5. In case of paralytic ileus, the improvement rate of constipation caused by C.V.A is higher in Bo-Riu Enema treated group than in glycerin-enema.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.795-800
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• 2002

융액인상법으로 질소분위기 하에서 $Yb^{3+}$ 이온이 20at% 고용된 $Yb:YCa_4O(BO_3)_3$ (Yb:YCOB) 단결정을 이리듐 도가니를 사용하여 성장시켰다. 양질의 단결정을 성장시키기 위한 인상속도와 회전속도는 각각 1.5∼2 mm/h와 10∼20 rpm이었다. 분광물성 측정 결과, 흡수단이 236 nm에 있었으며, 전형적인 $Yb^{3+}$ 이온의 흡수 스펙트럼이 관찰되었다. Yb:YCOB의 열팽창계수는 320∼650 K의 측정범위에서 결정학적 축 a, b 그리고 c에 대해 12.1×$10^{-6}$ /K, 5.9${\times}10^{-6}$/K, 12.9${\times}10^{-6}$이었다. 비열은 330 K에서 0.162 $cal/g{\cdot}K$이었다.