• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.549-558
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• 2015

Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy on vital signs, anxiety, cortisol, and pain of Cataract Surgery Patients in elderly. Non equivalent control group pre-post test design was adopted. The number of subjects consists of 41 elderly having cataract surgery, 21 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, independent sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results were: 1) there was no difference between two groups in their vital signs changes 2) anxiety, cortisol in the saliva, and pain of the experimental group decreased more significantly than those of the control group. This study confirmed the ability of music therapy to relieve pain and anxiety in cataract surgery, and suggested that music therapy could be used effectively in various interventions for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.361-368
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational effect of participation experience in nursing university students and to analyze the content. The subjects of this study were 32 of the 36 students in the 2nd to 3rd grade nursing students who participated in the D university in N city. Data analysis was classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary domains by assigning unique numbers to meaningful words in the original data. Participants were classified into three types of experiences after participating in the campus low salt diet campaign. Based on the results of this study, It was found that the experience of participating in and experiencing the education program of the nursing university students is educational effect.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The conventional segregated finite element formulation produces a small and simple matrix at each step than in an integrated formulation. And the memory and cost requirements of computations are significantly reduced because the pressure equation for the mass conservation of the Navier-Stokes equations is constructed only once if the mesh is fixed. However, segregated finite element formulation solves Poisson equation of elliptic type so that it always needs a pressure boundary condition along a boundary even when physical information on pressure is not provided. On the other hand, the conventional integrated finite element formulation in which the governing equations are simultaneously treated has an advantage over a segregated formulation in the sense that it can give a more robust convergence behavior because all variables are implicitly combined. Further it needs a very small number of iterations to achieve convergence. However, the saddle-paint-type matrix (SPTM) in the integrated formulation is assembled and preconditioned every time step, so that it needs a large memory and computing time. Therefore, we newly proposed the P2PI semi-segregation formulation. In order to utilize the fact that the pressure equation is assembled and preconditioned only once in the segregated finite element formulation, a fixed symmetric SPTM has been obtained for the continuity constraint of the present semi-segregation finite element formulation. The momentum equation in the semi-segregation finite element formulation will be separated from the continuity equation so that the saddle-point-type matrix is assembled and preconditioned only once during the whole computation as long as the mesh does not change. For a comparison of the CPU time, accuracy and condition number between the two methods, they have been applied to the well-known benchmark problem. It is shown that the newly proposed semi-segregation finite element formulation performs better than the conventional integrated finite element formulation in terms of the computation time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1290-1297
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• 2019

The paper proposes a distance estimation technique for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems using convolutional neural network (CNN). To estimate the distance from the transmitter and the receiver in the proposed method, 1 dimensional vector consisted of the magnitudes of the received samples is reshaped into a 2 dimensional matrix, and by using this matrix, the distance is estimated through the CNN regressor. The received signal for CNN training is generated by the UWB channel model in the IEEE 802.15.4a, and the CNN model is trained. Next, the received signal for CNN test is generated by filed experiments in indoor environments, and the distance estimation performance is verified. The proposed technique is also compared with the existing threshold based method. According to the results, the proposed CNN based technique is superior to the conventional method and specifically, the proposed method shows 0.6 m root mean square error (RMSE) at distance 10 m while the conventional technique shows much worse 1.6 m RMSE.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

As the living environment is regarded as a key factor that affects the quality of life of the elderly, the necessity for an accurate measurement of depression for the elderly has increased. In order to diagnose accurately, it is crucial to consider variables such as the cognitive characteristics and living conditions. In this study, 301 persons over 65 years old who live in single and couple elderly households over 65 years were surveyed from 1 January 2018 to 2 February to measure the dwelling depression by applying projective images. The correlations between the dwelling depression and projective images are clarified and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated. The correlations between the geriatric dwelling depression index(GDDI) and the GDDI based on projective images(GDDI-I) are clarified. The accuracy of the GDDI-I is analyzed. As a result the projective image questionnaire has a correlation with the existing self-report questionnaire. It is hoped that the results will provide a basis for further researches on psychological diagnoses using the projective method.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze penicillin G (PEG), streptomycin (STR) and neomycin (NEO) residues in milk of healthy lactating cows. Milk samples were collected from all four quarters of 12 dairy cows 2−7 days after intramammary infusions of an ointment containing PEG, STR and NEO once (n = 4; group I) or twice (n = 4, group II) daily. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the antibiotic residues in the samples. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of the calibration curves for all antibiotics was > 0.999 and the limits of detection and quantification were $0.002-0.005{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.007-0.02{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Recovery rates were ranged from 75.5 to 92.3%. In group I, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 2 days post-treatment, respectively, which were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). In group II, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 3 days post-treatment, respectively, which were bellow the MRL. These results suggest that a 3-day for milk withdrawal period after the ointment treatment might be sufficient for reduction of the antibiotic residues below the MRL.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is for checking anti-inflammatory effects of Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract. For this, we investigated biological active evaluation about anti-inflammatory effects by Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract. Syzygium aromaticum was extracted with 70% ethanol. This extract was tested for the cell viability on RAW 264.7 cell line by MTT assay, nitric oxide inhibitory activity and expression of inflammatory mediators. The extract showed low cytotoxicity as more than 90% cell viability in under 25 ㎍/ml concentration. On LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell line, nitric oxide inhibition activity result showed that the extract reduced NO productions in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of inflammatory cytokines as PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and iNOS and COX-2 proteins expression were decreased significantly in western blot analysis. We confirmed that the Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract has excellent anti-inflammatory effect. This results suggested that extract of Syzygium aromaticum may have value as the cosmetic materials.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.355-360
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• 2023

Epoxy-based carbon fibers reinforced plastic (CFRP) exhibit limitations in their suitability for industrial applications due to high brittleness characteristics. To address this challenge, extensive investigations are underway to enhance their toughness properties. This research focuses on evaluating the toughening mechanisms achieved by Polyamide 6 particles(p-PA6) and Carboxyl-Terminated Butadiene-Acrylonitrile (CTBN) elastomer, with a specific emphasis on utilizing minimal additive quantities. The study explores the impact of varying concentrations of p-PA6 and CTBN additives, namely 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 phr, through comprehensive Mode I fracture toughness and tensile strength analyses. The inclusion of p-PA6 demonstrated improvements in toughness when introduced at a relatively low content of 1phr. This improvement manifested as a sustained fracture behavior, contributing to enhanced toughness, while simultaneously maintaining the material's tensile strength. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that the incorporation of p-PA6 affected in particle aggregation, thus influencing the overall toughening mechanism. Incorporation of CTBN, an elastomeric modifier, exhibited a pronounced increase in fracture toughness at higher concentrations of 2.5 phr and beyond. However, this increase in toughness was accompanied by a reduction in tensile strength, resulting in fracture behavior similar to conventional CFRP exhibiting brittleness. The synergy between pPA6, CTBN and CFRP appeared to marginally enhance tensile strength under specific content conditions. As a result of this study, optimized conditions for the application of the p-PA6, CTBN toughening technology have been identified and established.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

In this study, we prepared fractions from Cynanchum paniculatum (C. paniculatum) with ethyl acetate and identified the structure and content of paeonol, an indicator substance. Fractions were obtained by sequential solvent fractions using n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water, and showed the highest paeonol content in ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The structure of the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The antioxidant activity of EA was tested through its ability to scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and its ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was tested for its ability to inhibit NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MMP-1 production induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the EA, and the ability to produce procollagen type-I was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of conducting clinical trials using cosmetic formulations containing EA, the effect of improving wrinkles around the eyes was confirmed. Thus, it is expected that Cynanchum paniculatum can be used as a natural functional cosmetic material with antioxidant and anti-aging effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2018

The essential oil from Abies koreana E.H. Wilson had been developed, however, its efficacy has not yet been studied especially in terms of skin care research. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Abies koreana extracts (AKE) on melanogenesis and wrinkle formation in B16F10 melanoma cells (B16F10) and human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method and purified by anhydrous sodium sulfate. At a concentration of $10^{-5}$-fold, viability in these cells had been defined by cytotoxicity assays. Anti-melanogenic effects on B16F10 were evaluated using tyrosinase inhibition assay, and real-time PCR for verifying gene expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and -2). AKEs reduced about 5-fold of tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced group and about 30% reduction compared to Arbutin induced group. The mRNA levels of three melanin-related factors were increased, separately. To investigate the effects of anti-wrinkle, procollagen type I c peptide synthesis assay (PIP) and Western blot were performed. At AKE-treated group, PIP was up-regulated and the expression of collagen type 1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 were improved. Furthermore, AKE presented anti-wrinkle effects by increasing UVB-inhibited collagen type 1 expression, and reducing UVB-induced MMP-1 production at $60mJ/cm^2$ of UVB radiation. Therefore, Abies koreana extracts has potentials as a safe and an effective skin ingredient for whitening and anti-wrinkle.