• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1999

배경: PAI-1은 t-PA의 억제인자로서 섬유소융해계에 작용을 하여 혈전형성을 유발한다. PAI-1은 동맥경화된 혈관벽에서 분비가 된다. PAI-1의 증가는 동맥경화증의 위험인자가 되는 당뇨병과 고혈압이 동반된 환자에서 보이며 혈전증유발에 위험인자가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 고혈당과 인슐린 및 angiotensin II가 PAI-1의 생성 및 평활근세포의 증식에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법:흰쥐 대동맥평활근세포를 5.5 mM과 22 mM의 포도당 배양액을 사용하여 배양하였다. 배양액에 angiotensin II 및 인슐린을 농도 및 배양시간에 따라 첨가하여 Northern blotting방법으로 PAI-1 유전자발현을 나타내었다. 또한 세포 증식에 대한 포도당, 인슐린 및 angiotensin II의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 MTT assay를 사용하였다. 결과: 5.5 mM과 22 mM의 포도당 배양액에서 angiotensin II(100 nM)를 첨가하여 배양한 결과, 22 mM 포도당 배양액에서 PAI-1 mRNA 발현이 증가되었으며 angiotensin II 투여 4시간에 최고치에 도달하였고 6시간까지 지속되었다. 5.5 mM, 22 mM의 포도당 배양액에 angiotensin II의 농도를 0, 10, 100, 200 nM 투여하여 배양한 결과, PAI-1 mRNA의 발현은 angiotensin II 농도에 따른 증가를 보였으며 22 mM 포도당 배양액시 더욱 뚜렷하게 증가되었다. 배양액에 angiotensin II(100 nM)과 인슐린(100 nM)을 투여하여 배양한 결과, PAI-1 mRNA의 발현은 angiotensin II 단독으로 투여시 증가하였으나 인슐린을 첨가하였을 때는 감소하였다. 5.5 mM과 22 mM의 포도당 배양액에 1, 10, 100 nM의 인슐린과 1, 10, 100 nM의 angiotensin II를 첨가한 후 대동맥평활근세포의 성장속도를 비교한 결과, 5.5 mM보다 22 mM의 포도당이 든 배양액에서 대동맥평활근세포의 성장이 촉진되었으며, 인슐린 및 angiotensin II를 첨가한 경우도 대동맥평활근세포의 성장이 증가되었다. 결론:흰쥐 대동맥평활근세포에서 PAI-1 mRNA의 발현은 포도당 농도가 높을수록 증가되며 angiotensin II의 농도 및 배양시간에 따라 증가되고 인슐린 투여로 감소하였다. 또한 angiotensin II의 투여는 22 mM의 고농도 포도당 투여 후 증가된 PAI-1 mRNA 발현 증가를 더욱 증가시켜 PAI-1 mRNA 발현 증가에 상승작용이 있음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 22 mM의 고농도 포도당, 인슐린 및 angiotensin II는 흰쥐의 대동맥평활근세포의 성장을 촉진시켰다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1998

1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol (PAN)은 많은 금속이온들과 착색된 착물을 형성함으로 분광시약 또는 금속지시약으로 널리 사용된다. 본 연구는 PAN을 이동상에 첨가하여 Cu(II), Ni(II) , Zn(II), Co(II) , 및 Fe(III)이온들과 착물을 형성시켜 역상 액체크로마토그래피법으로 분리하였다. 이들 금속착물들은 570nm에서 분광광도 검출기로 검출되었고, 이들 금속이온의 머무름을 조사하기 위하여 이동상의 pH, 이온세기 및 유기용매 조성의 변화에 따른 크로마토그램과 용량인자를 측정하였다. 이상의 실험결과에서 얻은 최적조건하에서 금속이온을 분리한 결과 좋은 크로마토그램을 얻었으며, 검출한계(S/N)도 ppb단위까지 검출이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.889-892
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• 2003

목 적 : 신증후군으로 진단 받은 환아에서 신장 조직 검사 없이 진단 당시 임상 소견 및 혈액과 소변 검사 소견만으로 1년내 재발을 예측할 수 있는 위험요인을 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 7월에서 2002년 6월까지 만 5년간 고려대학교 병원 소아신장크리닉을 내원한 환아 중 스테로이드 치료에 반응을 보였던 신증후군 환아 78명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 환아는 두 군으로 분류하였는데 I군은 재발이 없거나 스테로이드 치료하여 반응을 보인 환아에서 첫 1년 내에 재발이 2회 이하로 있는 환아였고 II군은 스테로이드 치료하여 반응을 보인 환아에서 첫 1년 내에 재발이 3회 이상 있는 환아로 하였다. 모든 환아에 대해 각각 성별, 나이, 진단 당시 혈청 알부민, 콜레스테롤, 24시간 요단백, 크레아티닌 청소율, 혈뇨 및 고혈압의 유무, 초기 스테로이드에 반응하여 완해되는데 걸린 기간 등을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 78명의 환아 중 남아는 61명(78.2%), 여아는 17명(21.8%)였고 평균 연령은 $5.1{\pm}3.0$세였으며 47명(60.3%)은 I군에 속했고 31명(39.7%)은 II군에 속했다. 성별, 혈청 알부민, 콜레스테롤, 24시간 요단백, 크레아티닌 청소율과 혈뇨 및 고혈압 유무는 두 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 두 군의 평균 발병연령은 I군에서 $5.1{\pm}3.1$세, II군에서 $4.9{\pm}2.9$세로 II군의 발병연령이 더 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었고 발병 연령을 3세를 기준으로 구분하였을 때 3세 이하의 환아 중 많은 수가 II군에 속했으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 또한 초기 스테로이드에 반응하여 완해가 일어나는 시기를 비교했을 때 I군은 $12.9{\pm}0.5$일, II군은 $16.2{\pm}1.1$일로 II군에서 완해되는 시간이 더 오래 걸린 양상을 보였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 신증후군으로 진단된 환아에서 초기 진단 당시 연령이 3세 이하로 어리거나 초기 스테로이드에 치료에 반응하여 완해 되는데 걸리는 기간이 길수록 나쁜 예후를 보이는 양상을 보였다. 따라서 추후 신증후군 환아 진단시 예후를 예측하는데 도움이 되리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2019

Purpose: Due to adverse events, dose reduction or withdrawal of adjuvant chemotherapy is required for some patients. To identify the predictive factors for tolerability to postoperative adjuvant S-1 monotherapy in gastric cancer (GC) patients, we evaluated the predictive values of blood indicators. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 98 patients with pStage II/III GC who underwent postoperative adjuvant S-1 monotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed correlations between 14 parameters obtained from perioperative routine blood tests to assess their influence on the withdrawal of postoperative adjuvant S-1 monotherapy, within 6 months after discontinuation. Results: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was discontinued in 21 patients (21.4%) within 6 months. Univariable analysis revealed that high preoperative albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) scores had the highest odds ratio (OR) for predicting the failure of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy (OR, 6.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08-20.1; cutoff value, -2.696). The high ALBI group had a significantly shorter time to failure of postoperative adjuvant S-1monotherapy (hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.69-7.25; P=0.001). Multivariable analysis identified high preoperative ALBI score as an independent prognostic factor for tolerability (OR, 10.3; 95% CI, 2.33-45.8; P=0.002). Conclusions: Preoperative ALBI shows promise as an indicator associated with the tolerability of adjuvant S-1 monotherapy in patients with pStage II/III GC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

Three kinds of prenylated flavonols, icariside I, icariside II, and icaritin, were isolated from an icariin hydrolysate and their effects on melanogenesis evaluated based on mushroom tyrosinase inhibition and quantifying the melanin contents in melanocytes. Although none of the compounds had an effect on tyrosinase activity, icariside II and icaritin both effectively inhibited the melanin contents with an $IC_{50}$ of 10.53 and $11.13{\mu}M$, respectively. Whereas icariside II was obtained from a reaction with ${\beta}$-glucosidase and cellulase, the icariin was not completely converted into icariside II. Thus, for the high-purity production of icariside II, the reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology, where an enzyme concentration of 5.0mg/ml, pH 7, $37.5^{\circ}C$, and 8 h reaction time were selected as the central conditions for the central composite design (CCD) for the enzymatic hydrolysis of icariin into icariside II using cellulase. Empirical models were developed to describe the relationships between the operating factors and the response (icariside II yield). A statistical analysis indicated that all four factors had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the icariside II production. The coefficient of determination $(R^2)$ was good for the model (0.9853), and the optimum production conditions for icariside II was an enzyme concentration of 7.5mg/ml, pH 5, $50^{\circ}C$, and 12 h reaction time. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental data under the designed optimal conditions confirmed the usefulness of the model. A laboratory pilot scale was also successful.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.541-553
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• 1995

The determination of the stress intensity factors is investigated by using the surface integral defined around the crack tip of the structure. In this work, the integral method is derived naturally from the standard path integral J. But the use of the surface integral is also extended to the case where body forces act. Computer program for obtaining the stress intensity factors $K_I$ and $K_{II}$ is developed, which prepares input variables from the result of the conventional finite element analysis. This paper provides a parabolic smooth curve function. By the use of the function and conventional element meshes in which the aspect ratio (element length at the crack tip/crack length) is about 25 percent, relatively accurate $K_I$ and K_{II}$ values can be obtained for the outer integral radius ranging from 1/3 to 1 of the crack length and for inner one zero.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1993

Dissolution of mucosal adhesive tablets prepared with two polymers using hydroxypropylcellulose-H (HPC) and carbopol 934 (CP) was tested. Adhesive tablets containing HPC/CP and brilliant blue FCF (BB) were prepared from direct compression. Three factors of polymer ratio (HPC:CP), BB content and compression force were chosen as important factors of preparation and factorial analysis for these factors was carried out. Eight kinds of formulations from different combinations of three factors were prepared and dissolution test in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution was performed. Dissolution rate was significantly affected by HPC:CP ratio and BB content, but was not affected by compression force.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1293-1296
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• 2006

In this study, a solid phase extraction method has been developed for the preconcentration and separation of the elements Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Pb(II) at trace levels by using a column packed with Amberlite XAD-1180 resin loaded with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) reagent. After preconcentrating, the metals retained on the column were eluted with 20 mL of 3 mol/L $HNO_3$ and then determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The factors affecting the recovery of the elements, such as pH, type and concentration of eluent, volume of sample and elution solution, and matrix components, were also ascertained. The recoveries of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Pb(II) were found to be $99\;{\pm}\;4,\;97\;{\pm}\;3,\;95\;{\pm}\;3$ and $98\;{\pm}\;4$%, respectively, under the optimum conditions at 95% confidence level and the relative standard deviations found by analyzing of nine replicates were $\leq4.4$%. The preconcentration factors for Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Pb(II) were found as 75, 125, 50 and 75 respectively. The detection limits (DL, 3s/b) were 3.0 $\mu g/L$ for Cr(III), 1.25 $\mu g/L$ for Fe(III), 3.3 $\mu g/L$ for Co(II), and 7.2 $\mu g/L$ for Pb(II). The recoveries achieved by adding of metals at known concentrations to samples and the analysis results of Buffalo river sediment (RM 8704) show that the described method has a good accuracy. The proposed method was applied to tap water, stream water, salt and street dust samples.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

Background: The incidence of abdominal trauma with intra-abdominal organ injury or bowel rupture is increasing. Articles on the diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of small bowel perforation due to blunt trauma have been reported, but reports on the relationship of mortality and morbidity to clinical factors for prognosis are minimal. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of patients with small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma on the basis of clinical examination and to analyze factors associated with the prognosis for blunt abdominal trauma with small bowel perforation. Methods: The clinical data on patients with small bowel perforation due to blunt trauma who underwent emergency surgery from January 1994 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation of each prognostic factor to morbidity and mortality, and the relationship among prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 83 patients met the inclusion criteria: The male was 81.9%. The mean age was 45.6 years. The mean APACHE II score was 5.75. The mean time interval between injury and surgery was 395.9 minutes. The mean surgery time was 111.1 minutes. Forty seven patients had surgery for ileal perforations, and primary closure was done for 51patients. The mean admission period was 15.3 days, and the mean fasting time was 4.5 days. There were 6 deaths (7.2%), and 25 patients suffered from complications. Conclusion: The patient's age and the APACHE II score on admission were important prognostic factors that effected a patient's progress. Especially, this study shows that the APACHE II score had effect on the operation time, admission period, the treatment period, the fasting time, the mortality rate, and the complication rate.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the influential factors on the fear that college students and elderly people feel during the dental treatment and provide basic data needed to develop a plan which can lead them to have a positive perspective on dentistry. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 241 outpatients (39 college students, 202 elderly people) visiting dental clinic of 'K' University Hospital in Seoul from January to April, 2013. It was filled in a self-administered manner and collected right away. Results: factor analysis, three factors were configured when the factors with 1.0 or higher of eigenvalue were extracted using 19 questions through which dental fear and anxiety were measured against college students and elderly people. The questionnaires were classified into three categories: Factor I (stimulus response), Factor II (avoidance of the treatment) and Factor III (physiological response which occurs when a patient feels fear). As a result, it was confirmed that the questionnaire tool is highly feasible. In college students, the responses they felt during the dental treatment in the said three factors were as follows: 52.00% in Factor II, 14.14% in Factor II and 6.99% in Factor III (73.129% in total). In elderly people, on the contrary, they were 52.41% in Factor I, 10.57% in Factor II and 7.98% in Factor III (70.958% in total), lower than the college student group. Conclusions: This study is significant in that it confirmed complex relations between dental fear and related variables against college students and elderly people.