• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study investigated Inflammatory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma in lipopolysaccharideexposed rats and Raw 264.7 cells. Methods： The plasma concentration of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ peaked at 5 h after LPS injection, and the values of the Coptidis Rhizoma extract groups were lower than those of the control group. In the increment of cytokines concentration at 2 h and 5 h after LPS injection, the Coptidis Rhizoma groups were lower than that of control group. The plasma concentration of IL-10 peaked at 5 h after LPS injection, and the values of the Coptidis Rhizoma extract groups were higher than those of the control group. In the increment of cytokines concentration at 2 h and 5 h after LPS injection, the Coptidis Rhizoma groups were higher than that of control group. Liver cytokines measurement was done at 5 h after LPS injection. The concentration of liver IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6 in the Coptidis Rhizoma groups was lower than that of the control group. The concentrations of liver TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 showed no significant differences among all the treatment groups. Results： In the studies of lipopolysaccharide-exposed Raw 264.7 cells, the concentration of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group (normal group), and in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, these values showed a tendency to decrease in the Coptidis Rhizoma groups. The concentration of IL-10 in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group (normal group), and in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, the values showed a tendency to increase in the Coptidis Rhizoma groups. Conclusions： These results indicate that the Coptidis Rhizoma extracts have an functional material for Inflammatory activities.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.74.5-74
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• 2002

1. Introduction 2. Modeling of Paralleled Converters with ACC 3. H/sub/spl infin//Control 4. Controller Design Example 5. Simulation Result 6. Conclusions

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1994

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of varied levels of NaCi and phosphates on the physicochernical properties of the breast meat of the spent layers(2 \pm 0.2 kg) which were stabilized for over 24 h before slaughter. Within 1 h after slaughter, breast meats were removed and treated with NaGl(0, 1, 2, 3%) and phosphates(0.25% and 0.5%) using a hot-salted method. The breast meat was stored at 4 \pm $1^{\circ}C$ for 3 d. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The pH values of salt-treated groups were significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05) ; the higher the salt level, the higher the pH. The pH values were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage(P<0.05). Among salt-treated groups, the 0.5% phosphates level showed significantly high pH(P<0.05) compared to other levels of salt groups. 2. The moisture contents were significantly lower in all salt4reated groups than the control(P<0.05), and showed a negative relationship with the levels of salt. It decreased in control group gradually as the storage period extended, but not significantly changed in salt-treated groups. 3. The shear force values in salt-treated groups were lower than that of the control and showed a negative relationship with salt levels. At a constant level of NaCI, the shear force value was higher in 0.25% phosphates level than in 0.5% level. It decreased in both control and salt-treated groups during storage. 4. The salt treatments tended to increase the sodium content proportionately. The sodium content decreased in both control and salt treatment groups during storage(P<0.05). In addition, the combination of high levels of NaCl and phosphates rather than those of low levels of NaCI and phosphates resulted in elevated levels of sodium. 5. The phosphorus contents in salt-treated groups were higher than that of control. Between 0.5% and 0.25% phosphates levels this value showed significant difference(P<0.05). Its contents in both control and treatment groups were significantly decreased during storage (P<0.05).

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1997

이산기간 H/sub .inf./ 제어에 의한 최적 예견제어기를 제안한다. 기존의 H/sub .inf./ 제어기는 미지의 외란만 고려한 것이고, LQ 에 의한 예견제어기는 예견 가능한 외란과 미지의 외란이 동시에 가해지는 동적 시스템의 전달함수 행렬의 infinity 놈의 최소화하는 피드백제어기가 동시에 설계된다. 제어기의 설계는 full-information H/sub .inf./ 제어 이론을 따르나, 그 유도 과정은 LQ 에 기초한 예견제어기와 유사하게 이루어진다. 설계된 H/sub .inf./ 예견 게인 행렬은 LQ 예견 게인 행렬과 유사한 구조를 갖는다. 전달함수 행렬의 infinity 놈이 .inf.로 갈수록 H/sub .inf./ 예견 게인 행렬은 LQ에 의한 것에 접근한다. LQ 예견 게인 행렬은 H/sub .inf./ 예견 게인 행렬의 부분 집합임이 입증한다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 1997

A $H_{\infty}$self-tuning control scheme for the tip position of a flexible link robot handling unknown loads is presented here. The scheme essentially comprises a recursive least-squares identification algorithm and $H_{\infty}$self-tunning controller. The $H_{\infty}$control low is designed to be robust to uncertain parameters and the self-tunning action provides adaption to unknown parameters. Through numerical study, the performance comparison of the $H_{\infty}$self-tuning controller with a constant gain $H_{\infty}$controller as well as a LQG self-tuning controller clearly shows its superior ability in handling load changes in quiescent states.nt states.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2015

H-infinity norm relates to the maximum in the frequency response function and H-infinity control method focuses on the case that the vibration is excited at the fundamental frequency, while 2-norm relates to the output energy of systems with the input of pulses or white noises and 2-norm control method weighs the overall vibration performance of systems. The trade-off between the performance in frequency-domain and that in time-domain may be achieved by integrating two indices in the mixed vibration control method. Based on the linear fractional state space representation in the modal space for a piezoelectric flexible structure with uncertain modal parameters and un-modeled residual high-frequency modes, a mixed dynamic output feedback control design method is proposed to suppress the structural vibration. Using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, the initial populations are generated by the designing of robust control laws with different H-infinity performance indices before the robust 2-norm performance index of the closed-loop system is included in the fitness function of optimization. A flexible beam structure with a piezoelectric sensor and a piezoelectric actuator are used as the subject for numerical studies. Compared with the velocity feedback control method, the numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1100-1111
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• 2011

Two experiments under sham feeding conditions were conducted to determine whether or not ruminal distension brought about by feed boluses entering the rumen is a factor in the marked suppression of feed intake after 40 min of feeding. In experiment 1, a comparison was made between the intraruminal insertion of a water filled balloon (RIB) treatment and normal control (non-insertion of a balloon, NIB). In experiment 2, saliva lost due to sham feeding conditions was replenished via an intraruminal infusion of iso-osmotic artificial saliva. A comparison of dry forage intake was then conducted between the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-RIB) treatment, and the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and non-insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-NIB) control. In experiment 1, eating rates in the RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding tended to be lower than those in the NIB control. In comparison with the NIB control, cumulative dry forage intake in the RIB treatment was 29.7% less (p<0.05) upon conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The secreted saliva weight in the NIB control and the RIB treatment during the 2 h feeding period was 53.2% and 60.9% total weight of the boluses, respectively. In experiment 2, eating rates in the RRIAS-RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding was significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in the RRIAS-NIB control. Cumulative dry forage intake in the RRIAS-RIB treatment was a significant 45.5% less (p<0.05) compared with that in the RRIAS-NIB control upon conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The secreted saliva weight in the RRIAS-NIB control and the RRIAS-RIB treatment during the 2 h feeding period was 54.1% and 64.2% total weight of the boluses, respectively. The level of decrease in dry forage intake in the RRIAS-RIB treatment of experiment 2 was larger than that in the RIB treatment of experiment 1. In the present experiments, due to the sham feeding conditions, the increases in osmolality of ruminal fluid and plasma, and a decrease in ruminal fluid pH which are normally associated with feeding were not observed. The results indicate that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period is related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2012

부화 초기의 육계 병아리에게 천화분추출물을 급여한 후, LPS 처리에 의한 염증유도로 천화분추출물이 염증반응에 미치는 영향을 검토했다. 각 처리군 별 혈장 ceruloplasmin 및 ${\alpha}$-산성단백 농도의 경시적 변동경향은 전 처리군 동일하게 LPS 처리 후 증가하였다. 그러나 각 처리군 별 농도는 LPS 처리 후 3h, 9h 및 24h째 모두에서 천화분 추출물의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 일산화질소 농도는 전 처리군 모두가 LPS 처리 후, 3h째에 급격하게 증가하였다. 각 처리군 별 수치는 LPS 처리 후, 3h 및 9h째 모두에서 천화분 추출물의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 하락했다. LPS 처리 후, 간장 내의 IL-2 mRNA량은 모든 처리군들이 동일하게 2h째에 급격한 증가 현상을 보였다가, 그 후 점진적으로 하락하여 9h째에는 LPS처리 전 수준으로 회복했다. 각 처리군 별 경시적 변동 경향은 LPS 처리 후, 2h, 3h 및 4h째에서 천화분 첨가군 모두가 대조군보다 낮은 값을 보였다. LPS 처리 후, 비장 내의 IL-2 mRNA 량은 모든 처리군 들이 4h째에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 처리군 별 변동 값은 천화분 0.2% 및 0.3%첨가군들이 LPS 처리 후, 3h 및 4h에서 대조군과 0.1% 천화분 첨가군들보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다. LPS 처리 후, 간장 및 비장내의 IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA량은 모든 처리군들이 LPS 처리 후, 2h 및 3h째까지 증가하였으나, 4h에서 하락하여, 9h째에서는 LPS 처리 전 수준으로 하락했다. 그러나 각 처리군별 경시적 변동치는 최고치를 나타낸 LPS 처리 후 2h 및 3h에서, 천화분 추출물 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 하락하였다. LPS 처리 후, 간장 및 비장 내의 iNOS mRNA량은 전 처리군이 3h째에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, 9h째에서 LPS 처리 전 수준으로 회복되었다. 처리군별 2h째, 3h째 및 4h째의 수치는 천화분 추출물 첨가군이 대조군보다 낮은 수치를 나타내었다.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1999

In this paper, we present robust reliable H$\infty$ controller design methods of continuous and discrete uncertain time delay systems using LMI (linear matrix inequality) technique, respectively. Also the existence conditions of state feedback control are proposed . Using some changes of variables and Schur complements, the obtained sufficient conditions are transformed into an LMI form. The closed loop system by the obtained controller is quadratically stable with H$\infty$ norm bound for all admissible uncertainties, time delay, and all actuator failures occurred within the prespecified set. We show the validity of the proposed method through numerical example.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of meatal care with essential oil on meatal E-coli and pH of inpatients in geriatric hospital. Methods: The participants were 40 patients admitted to J geriatric hospital in G city, Korea. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. Participants in the experimental group received meatal care with essential oil (application of essential oil mixture consisting of lavender, tea tree, and frankincense). The control group received meatal care with saline. The meatal care was performed twice daily for one week in both groups. The scores for meatal odor, meatal pH and bacterial count for E-coli were measured before and after the treatment. Results: The score for meatal odor were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. The meatal pH and bacterial count for E-coli significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Findings indicate that meatal care with essential oil is an effective nursing intervention to reduce meatal odor, meatal pH and bacterial count for E-coli for elderly women inpatients in geriatric hospitals.