• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of Arthrobacter sp. PAMC 25486 to various mutagens. ${\gamma}-ray$, UV-ray, Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) were used as mutagen, and the survival rate of Arthrobacter sp. was measured at various doses of ${\gamma}-ray$ and UV-ray, and concentrations of EMS and $H_2O_2$. Decimal reduction dose ($D_{10}$ value) of Arthrobacter sp. was determined 370 Gy for a gamma irradiation treatment, 0.019 J for a UV ray, 2.5 mM for EMS, and 230 mM for $H_2O_2$. This result will be applied for the development of superior mutant strain of Arctic bacteria producing valuable compounds.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.553-557
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• 2011

Garlic specific organic compounds were separated and purified using a recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from blanched garlic cloves. Identification of the compounds involved comparing the previously reported HPLC retention times as well as other identification methods including $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The yields of garlic specific organic compounds were 12.2, 42.5, 1.6, 1.2, and 4.8% on wet weight basis of garlic for alliin(S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide), isoalliin(S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl-S-1-propenylcysteine and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl-phenylalanine, respectively. All the compounds, except for ${\gamma}$-glutamylphenylalanine, contained sulfur.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.164-172
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• 2010

Background: We tested the hypothesis that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response as opposed to dengue fever (DF). Methods: We estimated intracellular (in T-cells) and serum levels of designate $T_H1/T_H2$ cytokines [interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$] and macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\alpha}$ (MIP-$1{\alpha}$) at admission, 48h, and day 5 in 20 adults with dengue (DF=10, DHF=10) and 10 dengue-naive healthy controls. Results: At admission, intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells and proportion of MIP-$1{\alpha}$-positive CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients with DHF [7.21 (5.36~10.81) vs. 3.04 (1.75~4.02); p=0.011 and 6.2% (3.2~8.2%) vs. 2.4% (2.0~3.6%); p=0.023]. The latter showed a significant positive correlation with IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells (Spearman's rho=0.64; p=0.003), percentage-change in haematocrit (rho=0.47; p=0.048), and serum alanine amino-transferase level (rho=0.61; p=0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that DHF is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response. Further, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ in CD8+ T-cells is an important immunologic correlate of disease severity in dengue.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2019

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with $Ni-CeO_2/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst was used for the dry ($CO_2$) reforming of propane (DRP) to improve the production of syngas (a mixture of $H_2$ and CO) and the catalyst stability. The plasma-catalytic DRP was carried out with either thermally or plasma-reduced $Ni-CeO_2/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst at a $C_3H_8/CO_2$ ratio of 1/3 and a total feed gas flow rate of $300mL\;min^{-1}$. The catalytic activities associated with the DRP were evaluated in the range of $500{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. Following the calcination in ambient air, the ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ impregnated with the precursor solution ($Ni(NO_3)_2$ and $Ce(NO_3)_2$) was subjected to reduction in an $H_2/Ar$ atmosphere to prepare $Ni-CeO_2/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst. The characteristics of the catalysts were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), temperature programmed reduction ($H_2-TPR$), temperature programmed desorption ($H_2-TPD$, $CO_2-TPD$), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), and Raman spectroscopy. The investigation revealed that the plasma-reduced $Ni-CeO_2/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity for the production of syngas, compared to the thermally reduced catalyst. Besides, the plasma-reduced $Ni-CeO_2/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst was found to show long-term catalytic stability with respect to coke resistance that is main concern regarding the DRP process.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.405-409
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• 2009

When DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were induced in mammalian cells, many DNA damage response proteins are accumulated at damage sites to form nuclear foci called IR-induced foci. Although the formation of foci has been shown to promote repair efficiency, the structural organization of chromatin in foci remains obscure. BAF53 is an actin-related protein which is required for maintenance of chromosome territory. In this study, we show that the formation of IR-induced foci by $\gamma$-H2AX and 53BP1 were reduced when BAF53 is depleted, while DSB- activated ATM pathway and the phosphorylation of H2AX remains intact after DNA damage in BAF53 knockdown cells. We also found that DSB repair efficiency was largely compromised in BAF53 knockdown cells. These results indicate that BAF53 is critical for formation of foci by $\gamma$-H2AX decorated chromatin at damage sites and the structural organization of chromatin in foci is an important factor to achieve the maximum efficiency of DNA repair.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2003

The hair cycle consists of three phases, growth (anagen), involution (catagen) and quiescence (telogen) phases. In order to evaluate hair re-growth effect of herbal extracts mixture containing the 70％ ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Mori Cortex Radicis, Gingko Biloba Folium and Pine bud, we have examined the induction of the anagen phase and/or elongation of the anagen period using C3H mice. Morphological examination was done by Hattori' and Ogawa's method. Enzyme activities of ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (${\gamma}$-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected by Bessey-Lovry-Brock's method. Enzyme activity as a biochemical marker of hair cycle was investigated in the third hair cycle period of C3H mice after depilation. 3％ Minoxidil treated group and herbal extract mixture treated group were shown 3 days earlier initiation of anagen than control group. In cycling mouse skin, ${\gamma}$-GT activity is pronounced during anagen and greatly diminished during telogen. Herbal extract mixture has shown promising hair re-growth effect on hair follicular cycles of C3H mice.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.477-480
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• 1987

${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ thick film city gas sensors have been fabricated by using screen printing method. The sensitivity to $C_4H_{10}$ and, $CH_4$ was about 90% and 65% respectively. The devices heated in air at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour exhibited the highest sensitivity (-90%) to $C_4H_{10}$ at the operating temperature of $300-350^{\circ}C$. And they had good selectivity for $C_4H_{10}$ in comparistion with other gases (CO, $H_2$, $C_3H_8$ etc).

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

$H_v$-rings first were introduced by Vougiouklis in 1990. The largest class of algebraic systems satisfying ring-like axioms is the $H_v$-ring. Let R be an $H_v$-ring and ${\gamma}_R$ the smallest equivalence relation on R such that the quotient $R/{\gamma}_R$, the set of all equivalence classes, is a ring. In this case $R/{\gamma}_R$ is called the fundamental ring. In this short communication, we study the fundamental rings with respect to the product of two fuzzy subsets.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.567-579
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• 2008

We obtain generalized super stability of Cauchy's gamma-beta functional equation B(x, y) f(x + y) = f(x)f(y), where B(x, y) is the beta function and also generalize the stability in the sense of R. Ger of this equation in the following setting: ${\mid}{\frac{B(x,y)f(x+y)}{f(x)f(y)}}-1{\mid}$ < H(x,y), where H(x,y) is a homogeneous function of dgree p(0 ${\leq}$ p < 1).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

${\gamma}$-PGA(poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) is an unusual anionic polypeptide that is made of D- and L-glutamic acid units connected by amide linkages between ${\alpha}$-amino and ${\gamma}$-carboxylic acid groups. ${\gamma}$-PGA has been isolated from many kinds of organisms. Many Bacillus strains produce ${\gamma}$-PGA as a capsular material of an extracellular viscous material. It is safe for eating as a viscosity element of fermented soybean products such as Chungkookjang and Natto. It is biodegradable, edible and nontoxic toward humans and the environment and its molecular weight varies from ten thousand to several hundred thousand depending on the kinds of strains used. Therefore, potential applications of ${\gamma}$-PGA and its derivatives have been of interest in the past few years in a broad range of industrial fields such as food, cosmetics, medicine, water-treatment, etc. In this study, a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis GS-2 isolated from the Korean traditional seasoning food, Chungkookjang could produce a large amount of ${\gamma}$-PGA with high productivity and had a simple nutrient requirement. Based on carbon utilization pattern and partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the GS-2 strain was identified as B. subtilis. The determination of purified ${\gamma}$-PGA was confirmed with thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$-NMR) spectroscopy.