• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1399-1405
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• 2013

The present study focused on establishing the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) on interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression patterns and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant rats. Pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage were randomized into control, low IFN-${\gamma}$ (L-IFN-${\gamma}$) and high IFN-${\gamma}$ groups (H-IFN-${\gamma}$) that received normal saline, 100 IU/g of IFN-${\gamma}$ and 500 IU/g of IFN-${\gamma}$ vaginal muscular injection, respectively. The effects of IFN-${\gamma}$ on IL-18 expression and pregnancy outcomes were assessed systematically using several methods, including immunohistochemistry streptavidin-perosidase (SP), image pattern analysis, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), whole blood count (WBC) count, microscopy and visual observation. IL-18 was detected in the uteri of all pregnant rats, and mainly distributed in the endometrium, decidual cells, vascular endothelium and myometrium. Immunohistochemistry and image pattern analyses revealed significantly lower IL-18 expression in the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group compared to the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ and control groups (p<0.01), indicating that high doses of IFN-${\gamma}$ induce downregulation of IL-18 in the uterus of pregnant rats. ELISA results disclosed that IL-18 expression in peripheral blood of the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group was lower than that of the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ group (p<0.05), and significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, the number of peripheral leukocytes in the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group was significantly higher than those in the control and L-IFN-${\gamma}$ groups (p<0.01). Morphology analysis showed no evident differences between the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ and control groups. However, for the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group, uterine mucosa bleeding, necrosis and excoriation were observed using microscopy. Visual observation revealed marroon, swelling, crassitude and no embryo in the uterus, which are obvious indicators of abortion. These results indicate that IFN-${\gamma}$ plays a regulatory role in IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood of pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage. Moreover, high levels (500 IU/g) of IFN-${\gamma}$ influence normal pregnancy at the early stages in rats by downregulating IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood and increasing the number of peripheral leukocytes, consequently triggering termination of pregnancy.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 1967

Kim, Jong Hyup, (Div. of Biology, Atomic Energy Research Institute.) Studies on the Cellular Metabolism in Microorganisms as influenced by Gamma-irradiation(II). On respiration rate and dehydrogenase activity of yeast cells irradiated by gamma ray from cobalt-60. 1. Oxygen uptake rate of the gamma irraiated yeast cells had been measured with Warburg's manometer, and the $O_{2}$-uptake was compared with those of normal cells. The rate of endogetious respiration increases in its $O_2$-uptake at 150, 000 rentgen dose, and at higher rentoen doses it was decreased. Exogenous respiration begin to decrease in its O_2$-uptake at 5, 000r. doses of irradiation, further decrease with increasing of doses unproportionally. 2. It appears that plasma-membrane and nuclear membrane of yeast cells have changed and denatured by gamma-irradiation, as exogenous respiration of glucose had been decreased at a dose of 200, 000r's irradiation. 3. The activity of glucose, alcoholic, lactic, succinic and glutamic deliydrogenase (G.D.H., A.D.H., L.D.H., S.D.11., and GL.D.H.) in the gamma irradaited cells had been assayed by T.T.C.(Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) method and spectrophotometry, the obtained results were compared with those of normal cells. 4. At a dose of and 10, 000 rentgens' irradiation of gamma ray, the activty of each debydrogenase (G.D.H., A.D.H., L.D.H., ) shows a sharp and highest peak in optical absorbalicy, but each abtivity of S.D.H and Gl.D.H shows its' maximum peak at a dose of 30, 000r. 5. The curve of each dehydrogenase activity was found to be rhythmical according to dose-rate of gamma irradiation. 6. Comparing with activity of debydrogenase each other, the maximum peak in optical absorbency can be arranged according to order as follows; glucose > alcoholoic > lactic > glutamic > succinic, this order is identical to the order of breakdown utility in respiration of normal yeast cells. 7. The activity of dehydrogenase experimented exhibit a resistance against gamma irradiation at lethal dose of cells, and the activity of dehydrogenase are found to be much resistant than those of respiratory system. We may assume that the membrane substrate of mitochondria or cytoplasm had been destructed by gamma-irradiation much more than that of dehydronase system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.562-565
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• 1993

It is well known that H$_{\infty}$ control problem involves solving an algebraic Riccati equation which includes a pair of parameters (.gamma., .epsilon.). Focusing on .epsilon. the maximum of .epsilon.. We discuss in this paper about the properties between the H$_{\infty}$ norm of a trnsfer function matrix and the parameters(.gamma., .epsilon.). We can change the algebraic relattion between .gamma. and .epsilon. by the similarity transformation of a considered system and we can find a proper transformation to get a simple quadratic algebraic equation between .gamma. and .epsilon.. This relation provide the H$_{\infty}$ norm of a transfer function.on.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Rainwater was collected in Seoul area from January 1991 to December 1993 (over 3years) and by the analysis of the chemical components contained in rainwater, investigated the components that effect on rainwater pH Through the above studies the following conclusions were obtained. 1) Method for Averaging pH Volume weighted method is considered to be acceptable providing that precipitation is measured at the same time when the samples are taken, without precipitation data a simple averaging method should be the next choice. 2) Annual average rainwater pH was 4.98 in 1991, 4.80 in 1992, 4.67 in 1993, measurement range was 3.6-8.1. 3) In the relationship between rainwater pH and rainfall amounts rainwater pH for light rain(<15mm rainfall) was existent in the wide range(pH 4-7), but for heavy rain was corresponded to the annual average values. 4) Annual frequency of pH was Birrndat the frequency($\gamma $) between the density of the [$H^{+}$] and pH in the rainwater(over 3years ), $NO_{3}^{-}$ was excellent and the obtained results was 0.62 in 1992. Also In the correlation coefficient($\gamma $) according to the pH range $SO_{4}^{2-}, NO_{3}^{-}$, were 0.85 ,0.68 at 3.6 $Cl^-$ was 0.99(1993). At 4.1$NO_{3}^{-}(\gamma=0.48)$ in 1992, SO_4^{2-}($\gamma$=0.54), $NO_{3}^{-}(\gamma$=0.72), $Cl^- (\gamma$=0.49) in 1993. 6) pH values gradually increased with increase in $Ca^{2+}/SO_{4}^{2-}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1969-1980
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• 2017

Let ${\Gamma}$ be a nonzero torsionless commutative cancellative monoid with quotient group ${\langle}{\Gamma}{\rangle}$, $R={\bigoplus}_{{\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma}}R_{\alpha}$ be a graded integral domain graded by ${\Gamma}$ such that $R_{{\alpha}}{\neq}\{0\}$ for all ${\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma},H$ be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of R, C(f) be the ideal of R generated by the homogeneous components of $f{\in}R$, and $N(H)=\{f{\in}R{\mid}C(f)_v=R\}$. In this paper, we introduce the notion of graded t-almost Dedekind domains. We then show that R is a t-almost Dedekind domain if and only if R is a graded t-almost Dedekind domain and RH is a t-almost Dedekind domains. We also show that if $R=D[{\Gamma}]$ is the monoid domain of ${\Gamma}$ over an integral domain D, then R is a graded t-almost Dedekind domain if and only if D and ${\Gamma}$ are t-almost Dedekind, if and only if $R_{N(H)}$ is an almost Dedekind domain. In particular, if ${\langle}{\Gamma}{\rangle}$ isatisfies the ascending chain condition on its cyclic subgroups, then $R=D[{\Gamma}]$ is a t-almost Dedekind domain if and only if R is a graded t-almost Dedekind domain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7995-8001
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• 2014

Interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) has been used to treat various malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the direct anti-proliferative activity of IFN-${\gamma}$ are poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the in vitro antitumor activity of IFN-${\gamma}$ on two human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, H322M and H226. Our findings indicated that IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment caused a time-dependent reduction in cell viability and induced apoptosis through a FADD-mediated caspase-8/tBid/mitochondria-dependent pathway in both cell lines. Notably, we also postulated that IFN-${\gamma}$ increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enzymatic activity in H322M and H226 cells. In addition, inhibition of IDO activity by the IDO inhibitor 1-MT or tryptophan significantly reduced IFN-${\gamma}$-induced apoptosis and death receptor 5 (DR5) expression, which suggests that IDO enzymatic activity plays an important role in the anti-NSCLC cancer effect of IFN-${\gamma}$. These results provide new mechanistic insights into interferon-${\gamma}$ antitumor activity and further support IFN-${\gamma}$ as a potential therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of NCSLC.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1460-1463
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• 1997

The aim of this paper is to suggest a design method of the model following optimal boiler-turbine H.inf. control system using genetic algorithm. This boiler-turbine H.inf. control system is designed by applying genetic algortihm with reference model to the optimal determination of weighting functions and design parameter .gamma. that are given by Glover-Doyle algornithm whch can design H.inf. contrlaaer in the sate. space. The first method to do this is ghat the gains of weightinf functions and .gamma. are optimized simultaneously by genetic algroithm. And the second method is that not only the gains and .gamma. but also the dynamics of weighting functions are optimized at the same time by genetic algonithm. The effectiveness of this boiler-turbine H.inf. control system is verified and compared with LQG/LTR control system by computer simulation.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 1999

The aim of this paper is to suggest a design method of the optimal multivariable $H_{\infty}$ control system using genetic algorithm (GA). This $H_{\infty}$ control system is designed by applying GA to the optimal determination of weighting functions and design parameter $\gamma$ that are given by Glover-Doyle algorithm which can design $H_{\infty}$ controller in the state space. The first method to do this is that the gains of weighting functions and $\gamma$ are optimized simultaneously by GA with tournament method. And the second method is that not only the gains and $\gamma$ but also the dynamics of weighting functions are optimized at the same time by eA with roulette-wheel method. The effectiveness of this $H_{\infty}$ control system is verified by computer simulation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.365-369
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• 1997

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental hormone and is involved in maintenance of the corpus luteum during pregnancy. In the present study, effect of hCG on nitiric ox ide (NO) generation from peritoneal macrophage was examined. hCG ahd no effect on NO generation by itself, whereas recombinant interferon- ${\gamma}$ (rIFN-${\gamma}$) alone had modest activity. When hCG was used in combination with rIFN-${\gamma}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO generation in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of hCG on NO generation was shown at 6 hr after treatment with rIFN-${\gamma}$. Furthermore, northern blot analysis of showed that hCG increased the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) gene. These results suggest that hCG induces NO generation from macrophages by increasing the expression of iNOS gene.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1980

모든 기호(記號)는 G.E Bredon의 저(著) Sheaf Theory의 기호(記號)를 따른다. A가 torsion free이며 elementary sheaf이라 하자. 그리고 L을 injective L-module이라 하자 $dim_{\varphi}X<{\infty}$이라면 support의 $family{\varphi}$와 locally subset z에 대하여 ${\Gamma}_{z}(^{\sim}Hom({\Gamma}_{\varphi}(L),L){\otimes}A){\simeq}H_0{^{z}}(X:A)\;H_{-p}{^{z}}(X:A)=0,\;p=1,2,3,$⋯⋯ 이며 support의 family c와 compact subset z에 대하여도 ${\Gamma}_{z}(^{\sim}Hom({\Gamma}_{c}(L),L){\otimes}A){\simeq}H_0{^{z}}(X:A)\;H_{-y}{^{z}}(X:A)=0,\;p=1,2,3,$⋯⋯ A가 elementary이면 locally closed z와 z에서 closed인 $z^{\prime}$ 그리고 $z^{\prime\prime}=z-z^{\prime}$에 대하여 exact sequence ⋯⋯${\rightarrow}H^{z^{\prime}}_{p}\;(X:A){\rightarrow}H^{z}_{p}(X:A){\rightarrow}H^{z^{\prime\prime}}_{p}\;(X:A){\rightarrow}$⋯⋯ 가 존재(存在)한다.