• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.97-101
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• 2008

We investigated the exchange bias fields at the NiFe/FeMn and FeMn/CoFe interfaces in 18.9-nm NiFe/15.0-nm FeMn/17.6-nm CoFe trilayer thin films as the annealing temperature was varied from room temperature to $250^{\circ}C$ in a vacuum for 1 hour in a magnetic field of 150 Oe. Interestingly, magnetic hysteresis (M-H) measurements showed that NiFe/FeMn/CoFe trilayer thin films exhibited a completely contrasting variation of the exchange bias fields at both the NiFe/FeMn and FeMn/CoFe interfaces with annealing temperatures. High-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated the absence of any discernible effect of thermal treatment on the NiFe(111) and FeMn(111) peaks. The compositional depth profile obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results presented the asymmetric compositional depth profiles of the Mn and Fe atoms throughout the FeMn layer. We contend that this asymmetric compositional depth profile and the preferential Mn diffusion into the NiFe layer, compared to that into the CoFe layer, are conclusive experimental evidence of the contrasting variation of the exchange bias fields at two interfaces having a common polycrystalline FeMn(111) layer.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 1996

스퍼터링법으로 제조한 NiFeCo/Cu/NiFeCo/FeMn 스핀밸브 자성 다층막의 자기적 성질과 자기저항에 대해 연구하였다. Cu 사잇층 두께가 15 .angs. 인 경우 약 6%의 자기저항을 얻을 수 있었다. NiFeCo/FeMn에서 교환이방성 자계는 약 20 Oe 정도였는데, 이는 NiFe/FeMn 계 스핀밸브 구조에서 보고된 값(100 Oe 이상) 보다 현저히 작은 것이다. 3 mTorr에서 제조한 NiFeCo 박막은 약 10 Oe 정도의 큰 보자력을 보임으로써 비슷한 조건에서 제조한 NiFe 박막의 경우(약 2 Oe)보다 상당히 큰 값을 갖는 것으로 관찰되었다. 작은 교환이방성 자계와 큰 보자력으로 인해 음 .rarw. 양 방향과 양 .rarw. 음 방향의 자화거동에 있어서 비대칭적인 자기저항 이력곡선 거동을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

The magnetic isotropy property from the magnetoresistance (MR) curve and magnetization (MH) loop for the PtMn based spin valve (SV) multilayer films fabricated with different the bottom structure after post-annealing treatment was investigated. The exchange biased coupling field ($H_{ex}$), coercivity ($H_c$), and MR ratio of Glass/Ta(10 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/Ta(4 nm) SV multilayer film without antiferromagnetic PtMn layer are 0 Oe, 25 Oe, and 3.3 %, respectively. MR curve for the Glass/Ta(10 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/PtMn(6 nm)/Ta(4 nm) SV multilayer film showed $H_{ex}=2Oe$, $H_c=316Oe$, and MR (%) = 4.4 % with one butterfly MR curve having by the effect of antiferromagnetic PtMn layer. MR curve for the dualtype Glass/Ta(10 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/PtMn(6 nm)/CoFe(3 nm)/Cu(2.5 nm)/CoFe(6 nm)/Ta(4 nm) SV multilayer film showed $H_c=37.5Oe$ and 386 Oe, MR = 3.5 % and 6.5 % with two butterfly MR curves and square-like hysteresis MH loops. The anisotropy property in CoFe spin valve-PtMn multilayer is neglected by the effects of a very small value of $H_{ex}$ and a very slightly shape magnetic anisotropy. This result is possible to explain the effect of magnetization configuration spin array of the bottom SV film and the top SV film of PtMn layer.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1996

The densification of the compacts of pure Co, Fe+50%.Co and Fe+25% Co sintered under H$_2$ gas or in vacuum was investigated. The effects of AL, Nb, Ti, and V additions on the densification were also studied. The sintered compact of Co was fully-dense when the density of the compact was lower than $Dg^c$. However, above $Dg^{c}$, it was never fully-dense regardless of sintering atmosphere, temperature, and time. The densification of sintered compacts of Fe-50% Co and Fe-25% Co were always incomplete. While the addition of AL made all compacts fully-dense, the addition of Ti was effective for the compacts of Co and Fe-25% Co. V was effective only for the Fe-25% Co. These results tell us that the particle size of Co powder, the amount of Fe, and the amount of additives forming stable oxides play on important role for the complete densification. Therefore it is desirable to reduce or eliminate the equilibrium pressure of H$_{2}$O or CO in isolated pores to obtain a fully-dense sintered compact.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.556-560
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• 2008

The effects of Nb and Co ion substitution on the dielectric and magnetic properties of the multiferroic $BiFeO_3$ thin films have been investigated. Heteroepitaxial $BiFeO_3$ thin films were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition method. Nb substitution decreased the leakage current by 6 orders of magnitude and Co substituted $BiFeO_3$ thin films showed an enhanced magnetization, 2 times larger than that of un-substituted $BiFeO_3$. Through the co-substitution of Co and Nb, $BiFeO_3$ thin films with a low leakage current and an enhanced magnetization could be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2017

Bulk-type body-centered-tetragonal Fe-Co alloy was synthesised by utilising a conventional alloy preparation technologies, such as melting, solidification, and homogenising treatments, and its magnetic properties were investigated. In the $(Fe_{100-x}Co_x)_{1-y}C_y$ alloy, the composition range, from which single phase body-centered-tetragonal alloy (martensite phase) was obtained, was severely limited: Co content x = 2.5, and C content y = 0.062. Tetragonality(c/a) of the synthesised body-centered-tetragonal $(Fe_{97.5}Co_{2.5})_{0.938}C_{0.062}$ alloy was 1.05. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant ($K_1$) of the body-centered-tetragonal $(Fe_{97.5}Co_{2.5})_{0.938}C_{0.062}$ alloy was measured to be $9.8{\times}10^5J/m^3$), which was 3.1 time as high as the pure iron (${\alpha}-Fe$).

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1993

We have investigated the dependence of the magnetization, anisotropy, coercivity, and Kerr rotation on the Fe concentration in FeCo/Pd multilayer thin films, where the Fe concentration in the FeCo sublayer varied between 0 and 100% with maintaining the same sublayer thickness of $2.5\;{\AA}$ FeCo and $10.5\;{\AA}$A Pd. The maximum saturation magnetization was observed at the Fe concentration of about 48at.% in the FeCo sublayer. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and coercivity of the FeCo/Pd multilayer thin film decreased monotonically with increasing the Fe con-centration. The Kerr rotation angle also decreased with increasing the Fe concentration and the amount of vari-ation was remarkably changed with decreasing the light wavelength.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1379-1384
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• 2014

${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ spherical particles having an average diameter of ca. 420 nm and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ fine particles (< 10 ${\mu}m$ particle size) were prepared to examine as catalysts for CO oxidation. Kinetic studies on the catalytic reactions were performed in a flow reactor using an on-line gas chromatography system operated at 1 atm. The apparent activation energies and the partial orders with respect to CO and $O_2$ were determined from the rates of CO disappearance in the reaction stage showing a constant catalytic activity. In the temperature range of $150-275^{\circ}C$, the apparent activation energies were calculated to be 13.7 kcal/mol on the ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ spherical submicron clusters and 15.0 kcal/mol on the ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ fine powder. The Pco and $Po_2$ dependencies of rate were investigated at various partial pressures of CO and $O_2$ at $250^{\circ}C$. Zero-order kinetics were observed for $O_2$ on both the catalysts, but the reaction order for CO was observed as first-order on the ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ fine powder and 0.75-order on the ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ spherical submicron clusters. The catalytic processes including the inhibition process by $CO_2$ on the ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ spherical submicron powder are discussed according to the kinetic results. The catalysts were characterized using XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), FE-SEM (field emission-scanning electron microscopy), HR-TEM (high resolution-transmission electron microscopy), and $N_2$ sorption measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1997

The magnetoresistance and the saturation field behavior of the Co-Ag nano granular films as a function of the composition and the ferromagnetic underlayer and overlayermaterials were investigated. The maximum magnetoresistance of 23% and the saturation field of 2.3 kOe at room temperature were obtained in the as-deposited 3000$\AA$ $Co_{30}Ag_{70}$ single alloy films. The magnetoresistance and the saturation field of 100$\AA$ $Co_{30}Ag-{70}$ alloy film were 3.65 % and 3.0 kOe respectively. Those of the sandwiched films with 200$\AA$ Fe were 3.3 % and 1.23 kOe respectively. The saturation field of the sandwiched alloy films could be reduced by the exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic layers and the alloy layer. The effective depth of the exchange coupling was approximately 150$\AA$ in each Fe layer. Among the Fe, Co, and FeNi, the most effective materials to reduce the saturation field of the sandwiched alloy films was Fe.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 1994

Magnetic and Magneto-optical characteristics of NdTbFeCo alloy films and NdTbFeCo/TbFeCo double-layered films have been investigated. It was observed that the Kerr rotation(${\theta}_{k}$) in the short wavelength region increased and the coercivity decreased as the substitutional amount of Nd for Tb in NdTbFeCo film at the constant FeCo content. In spite of the increased ${\theta}_{k}$, a small coercivity of NdTbFeCo film made this medium unsuitable for magneto-optical recording medium at short wavelength. An effort was made to improve coercivity by exchange coupling with TbFeCo film of high coercivity. In the exchange-coupled $Nd_{16.9}Tb_{15.2}Fe_{50.4}Co_{17.5}(150\;{\AA})/Tb_{21.1}Fe_{65.0}Co_{13.9}(300\;{\AA})$ double-layered film, the magnetization reversal switching field and the Kerr rotation angle were increased to about 6.0 KOe and $0.32^{\circ}$ at 500 nm, respectively. This result indicates that exchange-coupled NdTbFeCo/TbFeCo film can be a promising candidate for agneta-optical rerding medium short wavelenhth.