• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.148.1-148.1
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.133.2-133.2
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• 2001

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.518-523
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• 2004

An allergic reaction ensues after antigen binds to mast cell or basophil high affinity IgE receptor, Fc$\varepsilon$RI, resulting in degranulation of various inflammatory mediators that produce various allergic symptoms. In this study, i) we isolated the active component for the inhibition of mast cell degranulation from the extract of leaves of Castanea crenata and identified it as quercetin; ii) we established the total synthesis procedure of quercetin; iii) using quercetin as positive control, we excavated some lead compounds that possess inhibitory activities for mast cell degranulation by screening the chemical libraries of 1,3-oxazolidine derivatives prepared by solid phase combinatorial chemistry. Some of 1,3-oxazolidine compounds possessing acetyl and 3',4'-dichlorophenyl group displayed strong inhibitory activities on Fc$\varepsilon$RI-mediated mast cell degranulation, suggesting that they can be used as lead compounds for the development of anti-allergic agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1808-1814
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• 2009

In our previous study, a new herbal preparation (HemoHIM) was developed as a functional food for the radioprotection and immunomodulatory agents. In order elucidate the mechanism involved, we examined the effect of HemoHIM on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release, and on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in HMC-1. The cell culture supernatants were harvested, and the cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$, GM-CSF) in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total RNA of the cells was extracted, and the cytokines or c-kit/tryptase/Fc$\varepsilon$RI's messenger RNA expressions were examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Under low concentrations, HemoHIM inhibited histamine release in HMC-1 stimulated compound 48/80. Furthermore HemoHIM inhibited PMA/A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines' secreation or mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. But IL-8 secretion was not inhibited by low concentrayion of HemoHIM, respectively. The mRNA expression of c-kit and Fc$\varepsilon$RI were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Tryptase mRNA expression was only inhibited by low concentration of HemoHIM. These results indicated that HemoHIM might be an useful agent for protection against allergy as well as immune modulation, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.468-478
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Douchi Hataedock on Th2-skewed conditions to control allergic rhinitis. Methods: NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups: 10 mice were assigned to the control group (CTRL; no treatment), 10 mice to allergic rhinitis-induced (ARE) without treatment group, and 10 mice to the allergic rhinitis-induced (FGT) after Douchi Hataedock treatment group. The 3-week-old mice of the FGT group were given one 10 mg/kg dose of Douchi Hataedock extract and resensitized to allergic antigens at weeks four, five, and six. Allergic rhinitis was induced primarily in mice nasal cavities for five days after one week of final sensitization. The second induction used the same method one week after the first induction was completed. After one week, the nasal mucosal tissues of each group were observed. Immunohistochemical staining for IL-4, STAT6, CD40, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, p-IkB, and iNOS in the nasal mucosa was also performed. Results: The FGT group had less respiratory epithelial damage and less mucin secretion in goblet cells than the ARE group and showed a 62% decrease in IL-4, 85% decrease in STAT6, 71% decrease in CD40, 69% decrease in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, 43% decrease in substance P, 49% decrease in MMP-9, 43% decrease in NF-kB p65, 38% decrease in p-IkB, and 73% decrease in iNOS compared to the ARE group. Conclusions: Douchi Hataedock lessens inflammation in epithelial and goblet cells and reduces inflammatory mediator secretion in a mouse allergic rhinitis model.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objectives This study investigated the effects of Hataedock treatment with Douchi on induction of allergic rhinitis in obese induced NC/Nga mice. Methods NC/Nga mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis induced obese mice group (ARE), and allergic rhinitis induced obese mice group with Douchi Hataedock treatment (FGT). The 3-week-old mice of the FGT group were given one 10 mg/kg dose of Douchi Hataedock extract and sensitized with allergic antigens at weeks 4, 5, and 6. After 1 week of final sensitization, allergic rhinitis was induced primarily in mice nasal cavities for five days. After one week of the completion with the first induction, the second induction was introduced by the same method. After 1 week, few samples of the nasal mucosal tissues of each group were prepared. The factor of Th2 differentiation and inflammation control such that IL-4, STAT6, CD40, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, p-IkB, iNOS and COX-2 were observed by immunohistochemistry. Also, the difference in nasal mucosal injury was observed by histochemical method (PAS staining). Results The FGT group showed that reduced IL-4 production, STAT6 expression and CD40 expression by regulating excessive Th2 differentiation. Also, production of substance P and MMP-9 and activity of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ in mast cells were decreased. Inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 activity was induced by inhibition of p-IkB, and the production of inflammatory enzymes iNOS and COX-2 were decreased. In addition, the damage of intramural respiratory epithelium was low and excessive mucin secretion in goblet cells was low. Conclusions This study confirmed the possibility of controlling the allergic rhinitis in obese children who are expected to have an overactive inflammation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Hataedock treatment using Coptidis Rhizome and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (CG) mixed extract in allergic rhinitis induced NC/Nga mice. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced group after CG Hataedock treatment (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9week by Ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in intranasal space. Hataedock using CG extract was administered on week 3 in allergic rhinitis-induced group (CGT) after Hataedock treatment. To identify distribution of Interlukin (IL)-4, Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), high-affinity IgE receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$), substance P, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), Nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), we used histological examination. CGT significantly inhibited IL-4 and CD40 response compared with ARE. The reduction of Th2 cytokine expression decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Such immunological improvement induced reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. These results indicate that Hataedock treatment suppresses allergic rhinitis through modulating of Th2 responses and diminishing various inflammatory mediators in nasal mucosal tissue. It might have potential applications for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

Objective This study is to learn the effects of Hataedock method using Coptidis rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza uralensis mixed extract on inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis-induced obese NC/Nga mice. Materials and Methods The mice were fed with high fat-diet to be obese, and were divided into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced obese mice group with Hataedock method (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited obese mice group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9 weeks by ovalbumin antigen in intraperitoneal space. After 7 days of final sensitization, allergic rhinitis was initially induced in mice through nasal cavities for 5 days. After 1-week, allergic rhinitis was induced again by the same method. Histological examination was used to identify distribution of IL-4, CD40, STAT6, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Results Hataedock method significantly reduced IL-4, STAT6 and CD40 response (p<0.05). In CGT, the inhibition of Th2 differentiation decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2 (all p<0.05). The immunological improvement led reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. Conclusion The results of this study show that the Hataedock method suppresses the expression of allergic rhinitis by decreasing the inflammatory mediators through the regulation of Th2 differentiation even when the inflammation reaction is increased by obesity. Therefore, Hataedock may have potential preventive measure of allergic rhinitis accompanied by obese.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.891-896
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• 2008

The function of mast cells as effector cells in allergy has been extensively studied. Mast cells activated through high affinity IgE-receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$) release diverse mediators, and lead to smooth muscle constriction, vasodilation, increase of vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment and activation, mucus secretion, and tissue proliferation and remodeling. However, various other immunological and non-immunological signals can lead to the activation of mast cells. In resent years, mast cells have been identified to be involved in a complex range of immune functions. Mast cells can be important as key players in the regulation of innate as well as adapted immune responses, and may influence the development of allergy, autoimmune disorder and peripheral tolerance. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding of effector functions of mast cells in immune responses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1297-1303
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the anticancer (in vitro) and antiallergy effects of rice bran extracts. In an anticancer test using Hep3B cells and HeLa cells, water and 60% ethanol extracts of rice bran inhibited the growth of Hep3B and HeLa cell lines and morphological changes were also observed. In Hep3B cell lines, water extract of rice bran showed a higer antiproliferating effect than 60% ethanol extract. The growth-inhibitory effect against HeLa cells were 30.9% for $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, 88.8% for $3,000{\mu}g/mL$ rice bran water extract. The expressions of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ mRNA and c-kit in HMC-1 (human mast cell) were decreased by 60% ethanol treatment but tryptase mRNA was not changed. The extracts of rice bran inhibited histamine release from RPMC (rat peritoneal mast cell) activated by compound 48/80. Rice bran water extract showed inhibitory effect of 87% at $0.01{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and 60% ethanol extract inhibited the release of histamine by 86% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration.