• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1069-1072
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• 2003

Germane-sillicide phase formation on S $i_{0.25}$G $e_{0.75}$ with Ni 100$\square$, Co 10$\square$/Ni 100$\square$ and Ni 50$\square$/Co 10$\square$/Ni 50$\square$ layer was studied by sheet resistance and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM). Thermal stability of nickel germane-silicide is found to be improved by sputtering Ni/Co/Ni on the SiGe. After annealing at 600, 650, $700^{\circ}C$, 30min., the nickel germane-silicide formed by Ni 50$\square$/Co 10$\square$/Ni 50$\square$ layer achieved a sheet resistance less than 17ohms/sq.(almost the same to the value before furnace annealing for 30min.) , while the process of the other two ways result in high sheet resistance and even sheet resistance fail due to Ge segregation.ion.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1995

A Series of meta and para-substituted phenyl N-methylcarbamate derivatives were synthesized and influence of substituents(X) on the molecular orbital(MO) quantities of carbonyl group, carbamylation reaction center, and insecticidal activities($pI_50$) were discussed quantitatively. From these findings, the most stable streo conformer(Z) shows that the planer phenyl group occupies vertical(${\theta}=90^{\circ}$) position on the plane of the N-methylcarbamyl group. The carbamylation mechanism was proposed that the carbamylation process of acetylcholinesterase(ACh.E) by m-methyl substituted phenyl N-methylcarbamate derivatives proceeds via hyperconjugation of m-methyl group and carbonyl oxygene protonation, theromodynamically control reaction with acidic site of ACh.E.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1346-1352
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• 2005

We have developed a modified gene replacement method using PCR products containing short homologous sequences of 40- to 50-nt. The method required $\lambda$-Red recombination functions provided under the control of a temperature-sensitive CI857 repressor expressed from the $P_{lac}$ promoter in the presence of IPTG on an easily curable helper plasmid. The method promoted the targeted gene replacements in the Escherichia coli chromosome after shifting cultures of the recombinogenic host, which carries the helper plasmid, to $42^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. Since this method employs $\lambda$-Red recombination functions expressed from the easily curable helper plasmid, multiple rounds of gene replacements in the E. coli chromosome would be possible. The procedures described herein are expected to be widely used for metabolic engineering of E. coli and other bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.755-770
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• 2013

One of the interesting nonlinear matrix equations is the quadratic matrix equation defined by $$Q(X)=AX^2+BX+C=0$$, where X is a $n{\times}n$ unknown real matrix, and A, B and C are $n{\times}n$ given matrices with real elements. Another one is the matrix polynomial $$P(X)=A_0X^m+A_1X^{m-1}+{\cdots}+A_m=0,\;X,\;A_i{\in}\mathbb{R}^{n{\times}n}$$. Newton's method is used to find the symmetric and bisymmetric solvents of the nonlinear matrix equations Q(X) and P(X). The method does not depend on the singularity of the Fr$\acute{e}$chet derivative. Finally, we give some numerical examples.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.1 s.91
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

LCD-BLU(Liquid Crystal Display - Back Light Unit) consists of several optical sheets: LGP(Light Guiding Plate), light source and mold frame. The LGP of LCD-BLU is usually manufactured by etching process and forming numerous dots with $50{\mu}m$ in diameter on the surface. But the surface roughness of LGP with etched dots is very high, so there is much loss of light. In order to overcome the limit of current etched dot patterned LGP, optical pattern design with microlens of $50{\mu}m$ diameter was applied in the present study. The microlens pattern fabricated by modified LiGA with thermal reflow process was applied to the optical design of LGP and optical simulation was carried out to know tendency of microlens patterned LGP simultaneously. The attention was paid to the effects of different aspect ratio(i.e. $0.2\sim0.5$) of optical pattern conditions to the brightness distribution of BLU with microlens patterned LGP. Finally, high aspect ratio microlens patterned LGP showed superior results to the one made by low aspect ratio in average luminance.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 1976

Ten saponins named phytolaccoside $A{\sim}I$ and O were separated and shown to contain only $_D-glucose$ as sugar except phytolaccoside A which contains only $_D-xylose$. Phytolaccagenic acid was found to be a genin for phytolaccosides A and D, phytolaccagenin for B, E and F, jaligonic acid for G, and esculentic acid for C, H, I and O, respectively. The total saponin fraction exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2003

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 Ar과 $O_2$의 유량을 25sccm씩 흘리면서 $SiO_2$/Si기판 위에 Sn $O_2$ 박막을 증착하였다. 증착된 박막은 columnar 구조로 성장하였으며 많은 입자들이 뭉쳐서 형성된 양배추꽃(cauliflower) 형태의 뭉친 입자(agglomerates)를 가지는 표면형상이 관찰되었다. 분위기에 따른 어닐링 효과를 확인하기 위하여 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 공기와 질소 분위기하에서 열처리하였다. 열처리한 후 표면거칠기가 개선되었으며, 표면형상의 변화가 발생하였다. 특히 50$0^{\circ}C$, 질소분위기에서 어닐링한 경우는 양배추꽃 형태의 표면형상이 소수의 작은 입자가 뭉친 형태로 분리되면서 입도분포가 개선되었다. 이러한 결과는 어닐링 과정에서 발생되는 응력을 완화시키기 위하여 표면형상의 변화가 발생하는 것으로 판단된다. XPS 측정 결과, 질소 분위기에서 어닐링한 후에 OIs와 Sn5/3d 피크가 낮은 결합에너지에 위치하고 있어 산소공공의 농도가 어닐링 전에 비하여 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있다. 어닐링 전후에 Sn $O_2$ 박막의 면저항 측정 값은 XPS 결과와는 달리 질소 분위기 어닐링한 후에 오히려 면저항값이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 질소 분위기 어닐링한 후 표면형상의 변화에 기인하여 입자간의 연결성이 저하되어 면저항값이 증가한 것으로 추정된다. 산소분위기에서 어닐링한 후에 전체적으로 전기적 특성의 재현성이 개선되었으며 Sensitivity( $R_{air}$/ $R_{gas}$)가 향상되었음을 확인하였다.하였다.석을 통하여 La의 분포를 확인하였으며, HRTEM 분석을 통하여 미세구조분석을 실시하였다.2463eV였다. 10K에서 광발광 봉우리의 919.8nm (1.3479eV)는 free exciton(Ex), 954.5nm (1.2989eV)는 donor-bound exciton 인 I2(DO,X)와 959.5nm (1.2921eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton 인 I1(AO,X) 이고, 964.6nm(1.2853eV)는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) 발광, 1341.9nm (0.9239eV)는 self activated(SA)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 고찰되었다.가 높을수록 방출전류가 시간에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 각 duty비에서 방출전류의 양이 1/2로 감소하는 시점을 에미터의 수명으로 볼 때 duty비 대 에미터 수명관계를 구해 높은 duty비에서 전계방출을 시킴으로써 실제의 구동조건인 낮은 duty비에서의 수명을 단시간에 예측할 수 있었다. 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고,

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of quinolone resistant E. coli from raw bulk milk and to characterize the resistance determinants. In this study, the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) were sequenced from quinolone resistant E. coli isolates. Also, the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and the expression of efflux pump genes based on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were investigated. Of the 487 coliform bacteria, 9 strains showed nalidixic acid resistance, and 6 of the 9 nalidixic acid resistant isolates were also ciprofloxacin resistant. These 9 strains had a single mutation at codon 83 (S83L) in gyrA, 2 of them had double mutations at codon 83 and 87 (S83L and D87N) in gyrA and 3 of the 9 isolates had single mutations at codon 80 (S80I) in parC. None of the 9 isolates harbored PMQR determinants. Compared with wild-type E. coli ATCC 25922, an over-expression of the acrB gene (2.15-5.74 fold), encoding the pump component of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump was observed in 4 of 6 ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. This study identified the quinolone resistance mechanism of E. coli isolated from raw milk samples in Gyeonggi-do.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1979

To evaluate the sanitary conditions of four species of commercial shellfish (Crassostrea gigas, Tapes japonica, Mytilus coruscus and Anadara granosa), the psychrotrophic coliforms and the bacterial flora were monthly examined from January to December, 1978. Viable cell counts of the samples submitted were $1.3\times10^3\~2.5\times10^6/g$ and the numbers of coliform and E. coli were above $0\~5.5\times10^2/g\;and\;2\~9.2\times10^2/100g$ respectively. Among the 373 coliform bacteria isolated from the samples submitted, 298 strains were identified as coliform by IMViC test, $44^{\circ}C$ culture and gelatin liquefaction test. E. coli type I and K. aerogenes type I were the most predominant ones among the identified coliform as 138 strains and 71 strains respectively. The psychrotrophic coliform growing at $5^{\circ}C$ were 186 $strains(50\%)$ among 373 strains of isolated coliform. Vibrio and Pseudomonas were the most predominant groups. Among 453 strains of isolated bacteria, Vibrio was 240 $strains(53\%)$ and Pseudomonas was 91 $strains(20\%)$. Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae and Flavobacterium-Cytophage were scantly detected. In seasonal variation of general bacterial flora, a lot of Vibrio appeared from May to October, did Moraxella during the winter season and the other genuses showed no seasonal change.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.143-169
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• 2008

Objective: This study was to investigate the relation of what insomnia patients' symptoms with Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Questionaire(IQ). Methods: For this study, we carried out HRV, PSQI and IQ of 43 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from September 2007 to May 2008. We studied the relationship HRV with PSQI and IQ. For every symptom, this study classified the patients as none-symptom, symptom groups and analyzed each group's HRV, PSQI and IQ. Result : 1. The rate of xerostomia in female group is significantly higher than male group. 2. P1 (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), LF has negative correlation with age. The score of PI (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), P4(time of recoverable sleep) in the group whose age is more than 50 are higher than the group whose age is lesser than 50. 3. The frequency of using hypnotics(P6) in the group whose duration of onset are over 1 year was significantly higher than the score in the group whose duration of onset were below 1 year. 4. The accompanied symptoms in the group who started sleep disorder after stressor are higher than the number in the group whose duration of onset were poor-defined. 5. The drinking group have lower rate of anorexia, higher score of P1 (hypnagogic time) and TP than non-drinking group. 6. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep) have negative correlation with NNSO, HF, TP and positive correlation with LF/HF. 7. The score of P1(hypnagogic time) have negative correlation with LF. 8. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue) have positive correlation with LF/HF. 9. The score of P5e(frequency of cough or snoring) have negative correlation with RMSSD. 10. The score of I1a(degree of onset insomnia), I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia) have negative correlation with NN50, pNN50, HF. 11. The score of I1c(degree of termination insomnia) have negative correlation with RMSSD, NN50, pNN50, HF, TP and positive correlation with MHR, LF/HF. 12.. The score of P5i(frequency of night pain), LF/HF in the group with headache are higher than the group without headache. 13. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue), P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool) in the group with xerostomia are higher than the group without xerostomia. 14. The score of P9(degree of unrecoverable sleep) and I5a(degree of onset insomnia) in the group with chest discomfort are lower than the group without chest discomfort. 15. The score of P7(frequency of drowsiness for daytime) in the group with palpitation are lower than the group without palpitation. 16. The score of P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool), P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), I1c(degree of termination insomnia) in the group with burning sensation of upper trunk are higher than the group without burning sensation. 17. The score of NN50, pNN50, LF, TP in the group with anorexia are lower than the group without anorexia. 18. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep), P2(duration for sleep start) in the group with constipation are higher than the group without constipation. 19. The score of P4(recoverable sleep time) in the group with depression are higher than the group without depression. 20. In the group with anxiety, the score of P1(time of hypnagogue), P5a(frequency of onset insomnia) are lower and the score of I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia), I4(objective degree of impairment by insomnia) are higher than the group without anxiety. 21. The score of NN50, pNN50, HF, TP in the group with inertia are lower than the group without inertia. 22. The accompanied symptoms haver posirive correlation with P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), P5i(frequency of night pain) and LF/HF. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complicated relations of the pattern of sleep disorder with many symptoms such as headache, chest discomfort, depression and any others. And this study showed that autonomic nervous system have important function in the regulation of sleep.