• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.705-715
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• 2013

The response of the freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris to mercuric ion ($Hg^{2+}$) stress was examined using chlorophyll a fluorescence image analysis and O-J-I-P analysis as a way to monitor the toxic effects of mercury on water ecosystems. The levels of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids, decreased with increasing $Hg^{2+}$ concentration. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(Fv/Fm) changed remarkably with increasing $Hg^{2+}$ concentration and treatment time. In particular, above $200{\mu}M\;Hg^{2+}$, considerable mercury toxicity was seen within 2 h. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient O-J-I-P was also remarkably affected by $Hg^{2+}$; the fluorescence emission decreased considerably in steps J, I, and P with an increase in $Hg^{2+}$ concentration when treated for 4 h. Subsequently, the JIP-test parameters (Fm, Fv/Fo, RC/CS, TRo/CS, ETo/CS, ${\Phi}_{PO}$, ${\Psi}_O$ and ${\Phi}_{EO}$) decreased with increasing $Hg^{2+}$ concentration, while N, Sm, ABS/RC, DIo/RC and DIo/CS increased. Therefore, a useful biomarker for investigating mercury stress in water ecosystems, and the parameters Fm, ${\Phi}_{PO}$, ${\Psi}_O$, and RC/CS can be used to monitor the environmental stress in water ecosystems quantitatively.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2001

CAB 유전자로 형질전환된 담배 2세대 식물체의 도입된 CAB 유전자 존재여부를 genomic PCR 방법으로 각계통에서 확인하였다. CAB유전자로 형질전환된 2세대 식물체를 자연 광 조건과 90% 차광된 온실에서 각각 생육시킨 결과 형질전환 식물체의 광합성능 정도는 정상 식물체와 유사하거나 약간 높은 경향이었으며, 광포화점은 형질전환 담배 식물체나 정상 식물체 모두 500$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$로 차이가 없었다. 조사한 7계통 중 C7, C11, C14 계통의 광합성 정도가 조사된 모든 광량에서 정상 담배 식물체보다 높게 나타났다. 차광된 조건에서 생육한 담배 식물체의 광합성능 정도는 조사된 7계통 중 C2, C11, C14 계통이 90% 차광된 온실조건에서도 광합성 능이 우수하게 나타났다. 형질전환 담배 식물체의 chlorophyll 함량은 정상 NC82와 차이가 없었으며, 양지에서 생육한 조건과 90% 차광된 조건 모두에서 차이점이 없었으며 광합성능과 chlorophyll 함량과의 유의성은 없었다. 형질전환 담배 식물체 수확엽의 건물률은 정상 식물체와 비교하여 차이점이 나타나지 않았으며, 내용성분도 nicotine, 전당, 전질소에서 차이가 없었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1563-1568
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• 2010

암(dark) 상태에서 재배한 대두의 하배축 길이 생장의 분자 기작을 연구하기 위한 일환으로 암 상태에서 재배한 대두 하배축으로부터 cDNA library를 제작한 후 ESTs를 구축하였다. 이들 ESTs 중 색소체 ABC 단백질과 아미노산 서열이 매우 유사한 clone을 선발한 후 이 유전자의 전체염기서열을 결정하였다. GmNAP1 단백질은 엽록체로 향하는 transit peptide 서열이 존재한다. 빛에 의해 GmNAP1 유전자 전사가 어떻게 변화되는지 알아보기 위해 지속적인 적색광, 근적색광 그리고 암 상태에서 성장시키면서 유전자의 전사량을 확인하였다. 이 색소체 NAP1는 엽록소의 전구 물질인 protoporphytin IX를 세포질에서 엽록체로 이동시키는 기능을 한다. 대두에서 분리된 GmNAP1 유전자의 기능을 확인하기 위하여 35S 프로모터 뒤에 GmNAP1 유전자를 접합한 후 애기장대에 형질전환하였다. 형질전환 된 애기장대의 엽록소 함량은 야생형의 엽록소 함량보다 훨씬 높게 측정되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2013

영산강 하구에서 담수 유입이 부유생태와 수질에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 국가해양환경측정망 장기자료(1999~2008년)인 클로로필 a와 수질 항목들에 대한 계절적, 공간적 변화와 장기변동 추세를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 여름철 (8월) 영산강 방조제 인접정점의 염분은 조사기간 중 가장 낮은 분포를 보였고, 영양염류와 클로로필 a는 전반적으로 높은 분포를 나타냈다. 영산강 담수유입의 지시인자인 표-저층의 염분차 (${\Delta}salinity$)와 영양염류, 클로로필 a는 유의한 양의 상관성을 나타냈으나, 지난 10년동안 담수 방류량은 감소하는 추세를 보였고, 영양염류, 클로로필 a는 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 영산강 하구 해역 영양염의 공급원이 담수유입뿐만 아니라 인근 지역의 발달에 따른 점오염원 증가 등의 추가적인 요인이 존재할 가능성을 제시한다. 따라서 영산강 하구 주변 해역의 부영양화 방지를 위해서는 영산강 방조제의 방류와 연관한 수질개선방안 마련과 더불어 인근 지역의 점 오염원 파악 및 관리가 병행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 1993

The objeative of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimation of internal quality by observing visible state of strawberry. Several tests such as color("L", "A", H,V,C), degree of blackred ness, opening state of calyx, vitamin C content, brix degree, acidity, freshness, overall quality, chlorophyll content, and anthocyanin content were performend during circulation at 20$^{\circ}C$. Acidity(R=-0.96), chloroph-yll content(r=-0.99), vitamin C content(r=-0.98), freshness(r=-0.96), and overall quality(-0.99), degree of blackredness(r=0.98) and opening state of calyx(=0.98), color saturation(r=0.99), degree of blackredness(r=0.98) and opening state of calyx(=0.98) increased during circulation at 20$^{\circ}C$. in correlation between visible indicators andd internal qualities, "L" valu and brix degree was r=-0.74, "a" and brix degree was r=0.93 Hue and anthocyanin content was r=0.74, value and chlorophyll content, brix degree were r=-0.91, r=-0.77, chroma and brix degree was r=0.96. The correlations between color saturation and vitamin C content(r=-0.96), chlorophyll content(r=-0.98), freshness(r=-0.98), overall quality(r=-0.94), loss of total polyphenol(0.94) and acidity(r=-0.94) showed high correlation. The correlatiions between degree of blackrednes and vitamin C content(r=-0.99), chlorophyll content(r=-0.94), anthocyanin content(=-0.74), freshness(r=-0.97) overall quality (r=-0.95), loss of total polyphenol(r=0.93) and acidity(r=-0.91) chlorophyll content(r=-0.99), freshness(r=-0.98), overall quality(r=-0.92), loss of total polyphenol(r=0.99) and acidity(r=0.83) showed high correlation.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.81-81
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• 2017

The origin of wild corn (teosinte) is distributed in the Northwest coastal pacific area of Central America, including Mexico, which is a wetland area of 5 to 6 months per year. Depending on these climate characteristics, wild corn is genetically resistant to flooding condition. In order to evaluate the availability of flooding resistant genes of these wild corns, we examined the physiological responses after the flooding treatment in the early stages of the growth of various wild corns. The difference of chlorophyll content between flooding untreatment and flooding treatments (untreated chlorophyll content - humidified chlorophyll content) was the highest in chlorophyll content in the case of B73, the common corn. In the middle leaf, $\underline{Zea}$ mays subsp. Parviglumis, Zea mays subsp. Mexicana, Zea mays subsp., Zea perennis decreased significantly. In the lower leaves, Zea mays sub and Zea nicaraguensis showed the lowest content compared to B73. PCR analysis was performed using 34 primers divided into two groups, top and bottom. In the wild corn, pyruvate decarboxylase 2 in root and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in shoot showed the difference in the reaction.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

To assess the relative contribution of bacterial and phytoplankton biomasses to particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column, microbial abundance and biomass were from two transects in the western channel of the Korea Strait in 1996. Bacterial abundance had a mean value of $5.9{\times}10^5$ cells/ml and chlorophyll-a averaged 0.14 ${\mu}g/l$. Bacterial abundance in the Korea Strait showed a positive relationship with chlorophyll-a concentration, while the distribution of POM did not covary with chlorophyll-a. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations were greater in August than in October. Bacterial carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) concentrations were greater in August than in October. Bacterial carbon and nitrogen biomasses were 7.29 ${\mu}gC/l$ and 1.24 ${\mu}gN/l$, respectively, during the study periods. Bacterial biomass was larger in October than in August due to the autumn phytoplankton bloom. Phytoplankton biomass based on chlorophyll-a was 7.67 ${\mu}gC/l$ for carbon and 1.10${\mu}gN/l$l for nitrogen. The ratio of bacterial carbon (BC) to phytoplankton carbon (Cp) averaged 0.95 in the Korea Strait in 1996. Bacteria may play a more significant role in the dynamics of POM than phytoplankton do in August, with BC/Cp ratio of 1.26. The ratio of BC to Cp increased with a decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration. Averaged over all the samples in both cruises, the contribution of microbial biomass to POC and PON was about 43% and 51%, respectively. Bacterial assemblage constituted a significant fraction of POC (21%) and PON (27%). Phytoplankton accounted for 22% of POC and 24% of PON. Microbial biomass played a more important role in the dynamics of POC and PON in October than in August due to a significant increase in microbial biomass in the southern transect (transect-B) in October by the autumn phytoplankton bloom. This study showed that marine microbes may constitute a significant part in the reservoir of POM in the Korea Strait.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

To test the feasibility of using chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ fluorescence to assess the establishment success of seagrass transplants, photosynthetic characteristics of eelgrass Zostera marina transplants were measured using a Diving-pulsed amplitude modulation fluorometer in Jindong Bay on the southern coast of Korea. Maximum quantum yield ($F_v/F_m$), photosynthetic efficiency ($\alpha$), saturating irradiance ($E_k$) and maximum electron transport rate ($ETR_{max}$) of transplants and reference plants in a nearby transplant site were measured using the fluorometer for 5 months. Additionally, shoot morphology, individual shoot weight and productivity of transplants and reference plants were also monitored. Shoot height, leaf weight and productivity of transplants were significantly reduced during the first two or three months after transplantation compared to those of reference plants, and then increased to the levels of reference plants Characteristics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, including $F_v/F_m$, $\alpha$, $E_k$ and $ETR_{max}$ of transplants were also significantly reduced in the initial period, but recovered slightly sooner than shoot morphology or leaf productivity. These results indicated that after transplantation, Z. marina transplant photosynthesis recovered faster than shoot morphology, biomass or productivity. Thus, chlorophyll a fluorescence can be used as an indicator for early assessment of the status of eelgrass transplants without destructive sampling.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 1996

The effects of chlorophyll, tocopherols($\alpha$-tocopherol, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and $\delta$-tocopherol), carotenoids ($\beta$-carotene and lutein), light sources, light intensities and strage temperatures on the photooxidative stability of soymilk were studied by measuring TBA value and depleted headspace oxygen(DHO) of soymilk. The samples were stored in the light storage box for 6 days and evaluated for the photooxidative stabilities. As the concentrations of chlorophyll increased, TBA value and DHO of the sample increased significantly(p<0.05), indicating chlorophyll acting as a photosensitizer. However, as the concentrations of tocopherols ($\alpha$-tocopherol, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and $\delta$-tocopherol) and carotenoids ($\beta$-carotene and lutein) increased, TBA values and DHO of the samples decreased significantly(p<0.05). The light screening effects of carotenoids on DHO in the samples were not significantly different from the control at p>0.05. Therefore, there was no light screening effects of carotenoids on the oxidative stability of soymilk. The results indicate that tocopherols and carotenoids reduce the photooxidative stability of soymilk. $\delta$-Tocopherol was the most effective in photosensitized oxidation followed by ${\gamma}$-and $\alpha$-tocopherols in the order of increasing stability. $\beta$-Carotene was significantly(p<0.05) more effective than lutein in minimizing the chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidation of soymilk. Visible light was more effective than UV light in decreasing the photooxidative stability of soymilk. Therefore, photooxidation of soymilk containing chlorophyll is mainly due to photosensitized oxidation rather than photolysis reaction. As the intensities of fluorescence light increased, TBA values and DHO of the samples increased significantly at P<0.05. However, as the storage temperatures increased, TBA values and DHO of soymilk did not change significantly at p>0.05.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2019

Three separate feeding trials were performed to evaluate the dietary inclusion of pigments on growth and pigmentation of Semisulcospira coreana. In the first trial (Exp-1), snails (80 mg/snail) were fed diets containing green laver Enteromorpha intestinalis, seaweed fulvescens Capsosiphon fulvescens, chlorella Chlorella vulgaris, green tea, mugwort, kale, broccoli, sea tangle, dried laver Pyropia yezoensis, a synthetic edible dye, and a diet containing no pigment (control) for 12 weeks. Results showed that dietary treatments had no significant effects on growth performance. However, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents of the snail's edible portion were markedly affected and the highest values were found in snails fed green laver. In the second (Exp-2) and third (Exp-3) experiments, the effect of green laver and chlorella were examined in diets for relatively smaller (35 mg/snail) and bigger (139 mg/snail) snails than those examined in the Exp-1, respectively. Feeding the bigger snails with chlorella significantly enhanced their growth rates compared to control group. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents of the edible portions of snails were significantly increased by dietary chlorella supplementation. These findings suggest that dietary green laver or chlorella could improve the pigmentation of S. coreana without any adverse effects on growth.