• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2010

Soybean proteins are widely used for human and animal feed in the world. ${\beta}$-conglycinin protein exhibits poor nutritional and food processing properties and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein is a main anti-nutritional factor in soybean seed. The objective of this research was to identify the inheritance of $cgy_1$ gene and ti gene for the improvement of soybean cultivar with no KTI proteins and low amount of ${\beta}$-conglycinin. $F_2$ population was made by crossing between "Gaechuck2ho" (${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit present $Cgy_1Cgy_1$, KTI protein absent titi) and PI506876 (${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit absent $cgy_1cgy_1$, KTI protein present TiTi) parent. A total of 434 $F_2$ seeds were obtained and analyzed for the segregation of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein and KTI protein using SDS-PAGE. The segregation ratio of 3 : 1 for $Cgy_1$ locus (310 $Cgy_1$_ : 124 $cgy_1cgy_1$) and Ti locus (339 Ti_ : 95 titi) were observed. Segregation ratios of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (241 $Cgy_1$_Ti_: 69 $Cgy_1$_titi: 98 $cgy_1cgy_1$Ti_: 26 $cgy_1cgy_1titi$) between $Cgy_1$ gene and Ti gene in $F_2$ seeds were also observed (${\chi}^2= 5.367$, P = 0.10 - 0.20). This data showed that $Cgy_1$ gene was inherited independently with the Ti gene in soybean. These results will be useful in breeding program for selecting the line that does not exhibit or lacks both ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein and KTI protein in soybean.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.328-332
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• 2018

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrate, isoflavone and other various nutrients for humans and animals. However, there are anti-nutritional factors in the raw mature soybeans. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein and stachyose are the main anti-nutritional factors in soybean seed. The ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit of ${\beta}$-conglycinin protein exhibit poor nutritional and food processing properties. The genetic removal of the KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit proteins will improve the nutritional value of the soybean seed. The objective of this research was to develop a new soybean strain with KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein free ($titicgy_1cgy_1$ genotype) and proper agronomic traits. A breeding population was developed from the cross of the Bl-1 and 15G1 parents. A total of 168 $F_2$ seeds from the cross of the BL-1 and 15G1 parents were obtained. The segregation ratios of 9: 3: 3: 1 ($104Ti\_Cgy_{1\_}:\;30Ti\_cgy_1cgy_1:\;21cgy_1cgy_1Ti\_:\;13titicgy_1cgy_1$) between the Ti and $Cgy_1$ genes in the $F_2$ seeds were observed (${\chi}^2=5.12$, P=0.5-0.10). Two $F_4$ plant strains with proper agronomical traits and $titicgy_1cgy_1$ genotype (free of both KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein) were selected and harvested. 2 strains (S1 and S2) had yellow seed coats and hilum. The plant height of the S1 strain was 65 centimeters. The 100-seed weight was 29.2 g. The plant height of the S2 strain was 66 centimeters and 100-seed weight was 26.2 g. The two strains selected in this research will be used to improve the new cultivar that will be free of the KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit proteins.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-82
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• 1997

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Cheonmagudeungyeum(CGY) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. CGY extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. CGY extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of CGY extract on the rectal temperature of mice, CGY extract decreased the rectal temperature of mice. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of CGY extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mice, CGY extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mice. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of CGY extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mice, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract 7. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity of GABA - transaminase (GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 9. On the experiment of effect of CGY water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. According to the these results, Cheonmagudeungyeum extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of antioxidation related to aging of Cheongeumyeonsudan which is written on Dongui-bogam experimentally. Method : 14 weeks aged SD albino rats were separated into uncontrolled group, controlled group and CGY group. As controlled and CGY groups were induced aging by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose, at the same time we administered the extract of Cheongeumyeonsudan to CGY group for 6 weeks. After then we drew blood from each group, and took measurements; the activity of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes, TBARS value, concentration of total lipid, tryglycende, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol in blood plasma. Results : The activities of SOD, GSH-px in erythrocytes were significantly increased in the CGY group compared with control group. The activity of catalase showed a tendency to increase, but it was nor remarkable. The concentration of total lipid, the values of TBARS and total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the CGY group compared with control group, and the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol was not remarkable. The concentration of tryglycende in plasma showed a tendency to decreased. Conclusions : it is suggested that Cheongeumyeonsudan decreased the activities of free radical, the concentration of lipid in plasma and generate enzyme which form lipid peroxide.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of antioxidation related to aging of Cheongeumyeonsudan which is written on Dongui-bogam experimentally. Method : 14 weeks aged SD albino rats were separated into uncontrolled group, controlled group and CGY group. As controlled and CGY groups were induced aging by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose, at the same time we administered the extract of Cheongeumyeonsudan to CGY group for 6 weeks. After then we drew blood from each group, and took measurements; the activity of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes, TBARS value, concentration of total lipid, tryglycende, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol in blood plasma. Results : The activities of SOD, GSH-px in erythrocytes were significantly increased in the CGY group compared with control group. The activity of catalase showed a tendency to increase, but it was nor remarkable. The concentration of total lipid, the values of TBARS and total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the CGY group compared with control group, and the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol was not remarkable. The concentration of tryglycende in plasma showed a tendency to decreased. Conclusions : it is suggested that Cheongeumyeonsudan decreased the activities of free radical, the concentration of lipid in plasma and generate enzyme which form lipid peroxide.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.592-597
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• 2020

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain an average of 40% protein on a dry weight basis, but they also contain antinutritional elements such as lectin, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), and 7S α'- subunit protein. The objective of this research was to develop a new soybean genotype with triple recessive alleles for these elements. Three parents (Gaechuck#2, PI506876, and Le-16) were used to develop the genetic population, and the presence of lectin and KTI protein was detected using Western blot while 7S α' subunit protein was detected using SDS-PAGE. One F₃ plant strain with proper agronomical traits such as type, height, seed quality, and 100-seed weight was selected. The genotype of the developed strain is titilelecgy1cgy1, that is KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit protein free. The new strain has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, and light yellow pods at maturity. The seed has a buffer hilum and is yellow in color. The new strain's height was 58 cm compared to the Daewonkong cultivar at 46 cm, and its 100-seed weight was 27.1 g, smaller than the Daewonkong at 29.0 g. This is the first new soybean strain with the titilelecgy1cgy1 genotype, and it can be used to improve yellow soybean cultivars of high quality and function.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed is the main source of protein and oil for human and animal. The use of soybean protein has been expanded in the food industry due to their excellent nutritional benefits. But, antinutritional and allergenic factors are exist in the raw mature soybean. Lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein, and ${\alpha}^{\prime}-subunit$ of 7S globulin are main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. Breeding of a new soybean strain with lacking these components is needed. The objective of this research was to select new soybean line with lipoxygenase-free, KTI-free, and ${\alpha}^{\prime}-subunit$ free (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3titicgy1cgy1 genotype). Total 434 $F_2$seeds were obtained from the cross of cultivar, "Gaechuck#2" and PI506876. Presence and absence of lipoxygenase, KTI protein, and ${\alpha}^{\prime}-subunit$ of 7S globulin was tested by SDS electrophoresis using a partial seed of each $F_2$seed. Only one $F_2$seed with lacking these three components was selected and was planted to $F_2$plant. Absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, and ${\alpha}^{\prime}-subunit$ protein was confirmed on the $F_3$seeds harvested. Selected line with lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3titicgy1cgy1 genotype might be useful for soybean breeding.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2024

Cultivars or genetic resources with a black seed coat and green cotyledons are rich in lutein, which can promote eye health, and anthocyanin, known for its numerous health benefits. However, mature seeds also contain P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins, which are allergenic and degrade quality. Here, we report the breeding of a new soybean line with a black seed coat, green cotyledon, and free of P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins. A total of 157 F₂ seeds with black seed coats and green cotyledons were selected by crossing a female parent with a brown seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking the 7S α' subunit and lectin proteins with a male parent with a black seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking the P34 and lectin proteins. The P34 and 7S α' subunit proteins were consistent with a ratio of 9:3:3:1, indicating that they are independent of each other. From 14 F₂ seeds that were recessive (cgy1cgy1p34p34) for both proteins, one individual F₂ plant (F₃ seeds) with the desired traits-black seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins- was finally selected. The triple null genotype (absence for P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins) was confirmed in random F₃ seeds. The selected line has a black seed coat and green cotyledons, and when sown on June 14 in the greenhouse, the maturity date was approximately October 3, the height was about 68 cm, and the 100-seed weight was about 26.5 g.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1143-1147
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• 1996

Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) is emerging as a potentially less invasive means of managing a wide variety of thoracic disorders. VATS was performed in 46 cases, in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery of Chonbuk national University Hospital from August 1992 to July 1995. There were 20 men and 26 women, whose age ranged from 14 to 56 years. They were diagnosed hyperhidrosis in 21 cases, mediastinal tumor in 12 cases, pneumothorax in· 10 cases, and one case each of lelomyoma of the esophagus, Raynaud's syndrome, Burger's disease. Operation time averaged 89.7 minutes, and no patient was converted to d thoracotomy. The number of troche used, period of chest tube drainage, and postoperative hospitalization were 3, 1.8 days, and 4.B days, respectively. The postoperative complication ocurred in 5 cases (remnant pneumothorax 1 case, phrenic nerve aralysis 1 case, persistant air leakage 2 cases, compensatory hyperhidrosis 1 case). One patient with persistent air leak was managed by thoracotomy on postoperative) days, and the other patient by chemical pleurodesis. One patient diagnosed pathologically as thymic carcinoma, was managed by radiation therapy. There was no postoperative death. VATS has the benefits of reduced postoperative pain and postoperative hospitalization, and good cutsmetic effect.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1995

Purpose : Surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. For patients who are medically unable to tolerate a surgical resection or who refuse surgery, radiation therapy is an acceptable alternative. A retrospective analysis of Patients with stage I non-samll cell lung cancer treated with curative radiation therapy was performed to determine the results of curative radiation therapy and patterns of failure, and to identify factors that may influence survival. Materials and Methods : From 1986 through 1993, 39 Patients with T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer were treated with curative radiation therapy at department of radiation oncology, Kyungpook national university hospital. All Patients were not candidates for surgical resection because of either Patient refusal (16 patients), poor pulmonary function (12 patients), old age (7 patients), Poor Performance (2 patients) or coexisting medical disease (2 patients). Median age of patients was 67 years. Histologic cell type was squamous cell carcinoma in 36, adenocarcinoma in 1, large cell carcinoma in 1 and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 1. All patients were treated with megavoltage irradiation and radiation dose ranged from 5000cgy to 6150cGy with a median dose of 6000cGy. The median follow-up was 17 months with a range of 4 to 82 months, Survival was measured from the date therapy initiated. Results : The overall survival rate for entire Patients was $40.6\%$ at 2 years and $27.7\%$ at 3 years, with a median survival time of 21 months. The disease-free survival at 2 and 3 years was $51.7\%$ and $25.8\%$, respectively. Of evaluable 20 patients with complete response, 15 patients were considered to have failed. Of these, 13 patients showed local failure and 2 patients failed distantly. Response to treatment (p=0.0001), tumor size (p=0.0019) and age (p=0.0247) were favorably associated with overall survival. Only age was predictive for disease-free survival (p = 0.0452). Conclusion : Radiation therapy is an effective treatment for small (less than 3cm) tumors, and should be offered as an alternative to surgery in elderly or infirm patients. Since local failure is the prominent Patterns of relapse, potential methods to improve local control with radiation therapy are discussed.