• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1158-1167
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• 2000

To produce ${\beta}-cyclodextrin({\beta}-CD)$, a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase) producing Aspergillus sp. CC-2-1 was isolated from soil. The enzyme was purified and its enzymological characteristics were investigated. It was found that production of CGTase reached to the maximum when the wheat bran medium containing 0.1% albumin, 2% $(NH_4)_2S_2O_8$, 2% soluble starch and 0.2% $KH_2PO_4$ was cultured for 5 days at $37^{\circ}C$. The purity of CGTase was increased by 13.14 folds after DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100, G-150 gel filtration and the specific activity was 172.14 unit/mg. Purified enzyme was confirmed as a single band by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of CGTase was estimated to be 27,800 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for the CGTase activity were 9.0 and $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable in pH $8.0{\sim}11.0$ at $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$. The activity of purified enzyme was activated by $K^+,\;Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. The activity of the CGTase was inhibited by the treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodine. The result suggests that the purified enzyme has phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine, histidine imidazole group and terminal amino group at active site. The reaction of this enzyme followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the $K_m$ value of 18.182 g/L with the $V_{max}$ of 188.68 ${\mu}mole/min$. The activation energy for the CGTase was calculated by Arrhenius equation was 1.548 kcal/mol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2002

This experiment was designed to investigate the antioxidant effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (CC) fractions on the liposomal phospholipid membranes. The sample CC was extracted and fractionated into five different types, methanol (CCMM), hexane (CCMH), ethylacetate (CCMEA), butanol (CCMB), and aqueous (CCMA) fractions. The antioxidant activities of CC fractions in oxidized dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposomes were examined by spectrophotometry measuring conjugated dienes. The oxidation indices of five CC fractions exhibited weaker antioxidant activities than that of BHT in oxidized DLPC liposomes, however, showing much similar antioxidant activities of $\alpha$-tocopherol in the oxidized DLPC liposomes, which is known as a potent antioxidant. Among CC fractions, CCMM and CCMA in oxidized DLPC liposomes showed rather effective than $\alpha$-tocopherol after 2 h. These results strongly indicate that bioactive substances in CC fractions have a kind of function as potent antioxidants against biomembrane oxidation.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2019

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the combination effects of Cinnamomi cortex Ethanol Extract (CcEE) and hyperthermia in the human AGS gastric cancer cell line. Methods : AGS cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of CcEE (0, 50 or $60{\mu}g/mL$) for 1h prior to hyperthermia. And then incubated for a further 30 min at the indicated temperatures (37, 42 or $43^{\circ}C$) in a humidified incubator containing 5% $CO_2$ or a thermostatically controlled water bath for hyperthermia. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, Morphology assay and Trypan blue assay. To investigate the possible molecular signaling pathways, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins (ERK, p38 and JNK) and expression of various anti-apoptotic proteins such as Caspase-3, Caspase-9, p53, Cyclin D1 and MMP-2 were assessed by Western blot analysis. In addition, Annexin V and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) staining was performed to examine the apoptotic mechanism. Results : Combination of CcEE with hyperthermia effectively suppressed the cell viability and changed cellmorphology compared with CcEE or hyperthermia treatment alone. Combined treatment also abated the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Cyclin D1 and MMP-2. Whereas, the expression level of p53 was up-regulated by co-treatment. Moreover, combination treatment enhanced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. In addition, this combination increased anti-cancer effect by inducing cell death through the apoptosis. Conclusions : Taken together, all these findings suggest that the combination treatment with CcEE and hyperthermia may have therapeutic potential as a promising approach to patients with stomach cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2015

The formation of complexes between SO₂ and acetic acid was studied theoretically. The ab initio and DFT calculations were performed with MP2 and B3LYP methods using 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Six stable complexes were identified, and three stable bidentate complexes, C1, C2 and C3, were formed between SO₂ and syn-acetic acid, which is more stable form of acetic acid. Anti-acetic acid also form three complexes, C4, C5 and C6, with SO₂. C4 is bidentate and C5, C6 are monodentate complexes, which are less stable. The most stable complex, C1 has S⋯O=C and O⋯H-O interactions, and the S⋯O and O⋯H distances are less than the sum of van der Waals radii. The vibrational frequencies of complexes were calculated and were compared with those of monomers. The frequency shifts after formation of complex were found, and the overall pattern of frequency shifts relative to monomers is similar among the six complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.671-679
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• 2010

The geometrical parameters and binding energies of the benzene ion-water complex [$C_6H_6^+-(H_2O)_n$(n=1-5)] have been investigated using ab initio (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) with large basis sets. The harmonic vibrational frequencies and IR intensities are also determined to confirm that all the optimized geometries are true minima. Also zero-point vibrational energies have been considered to predict the binding energies. The predicted binding energy of 8.6 kcal/mol for $C_6H_6^+-(H_2O)$ at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory is in excellent agreement with recent experimental result of $8.5{\pm}1$ kcal/mol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1302-1309
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• 2003

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of turnip pickles added with chitosan and/or beet water extract were investigated. Turnip root slices (4${\times}$1${\times}$0.5 cm) were salted with NaCl and CaCl$_2$, soaked into pickling solution, and then stored at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Throughout the whole storage periods, pH, acidity, saltiness and soluble solid content of three pickles (C, turnip pickle; CC, turnip pickle+chitosan; CBC, turnip pickle+chitosan+beet water extract) ranged to 3.1 ∼ 3.5, 1.5 ∼ 1.7%, 0.5 ∼ 0.7% and 24.5 ∼ 28.5$^{\circ}$Brix, respectively. There were no significant differences between three pickles in saltiness, anthocyanin and reducing sugar content. However, acidity and hardness of CC and CBC were higher than those of control C throughout the storage time. While Hunter's a value of CBC was higher than those of CC or C. Sensory results showed that the best edible time was the 14th day of storage, and at that time, scores of CC and CBC were higher in over-all preference (7.8 and 8.4) than those of C (6.1), and CC and CBC maintained good sensory qualities until 28th day of storage, compared to C (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2010

$Li_4Mn_5O_{12}$ was synthesized by combustion method using $LiNO_3$, $Li(CH_3COO){\cdot}2H_2O$ and $Mn(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$. $Li_4Mn_5O_{12}$ was obtained over $400^{\circ}C$, however, the sample calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ for any time was mixed phases of $Li_4Mn_5O_{12}$ and $Mn_2O_3$. $Li_4Mn_5O_{12}$ calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ for 5 h had larger first discharge capacity (41.5mAh/g) at 1C-rate for 3.7~4.4V than other calcined samples. Moreover, applying to hybrid capacitor, it had good discharge capacity (24.74 mAh/g or 10.46 mAh/cc) at 100 mA/g for 1~2.5 V and higher energy density (39Wh/kg or 16.49Wh/cc) at same condition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.353-356
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• 1973

A unique method of destructive analysis has been developed for the study of gaseous impurities in minerals. Samples are crushed in a high vacuum sample system of a research mass spectrometer. This is done by means of a suitably designed crusher which is incorporated in the inlet system of the instrument. Crusher elements are constructed of tungsten carbide. The mass spectrometer used for this preliminary study has a detection sensitivity of about $10^{-10}cc$at STP. In a study of rhodolite garnets obtained from near Lavonia, Georgia, U.S.A., the gases$H_2$, $O_2$, $H_{2}O$, $CO_2$, CO, and $CH_4$have been identified and their composition determined.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2014

This study intended to compare the productive performance of three different layer raising systems; conventional cage (CC), barn (BR) and aviary (AV). The AV is welfare bestowed housing that allows free locomotion for birds within the BR. The BR allows bird's free locomotion inside BR but without multilevel structures. Both pullets and cockerels were housed together in both AV and BR, but only pullets in CC. Seventeen weeks old Lohmann Brown Lite (n = 800) pullets were housed in AV during this study. The same age layer pullets were simultaneously assigned to either at CC or BR to compare egg production performance with AV. The duration of experiment was 40 weeks (from 21st to 60th week). There were no remarkable differences in egg production, hen day egg production (HDEP) and average egg weight among three rearing systems. First 20 weeks (phase-1) average HDEP (%) of AV, CC, and BR were 85.9, 88.8, 87.1 and average egg weights (g) were 57.5, 59.9, and 56.9 respectively. Those of the remaining 20 weeks (phase-2) were 87.1, 87.9, 85.5 and 64.2, 63.0 62.1, respectively. Daily feed intakes (122 g, 110 g, 125 g); feed conversion ratio (2.4, 2.1, 2.5) and daily egg mass (53.9 g, 54.4 g, 52.8 g) data from AV, CC, and BR were not influenced significantly by the respective raising systems. Daily feed intake of layers in both AV (124 g) and BR (127 g) tended to be higher than that in CC (113 g) during phase-2. Overall, exterior egg quality (dirty and cracked eggs) in both phases was superior in BR compared with AV and CC, whereas CC generated intermediate results. This study indicated that the HDEP per se in AV and BR were not significantly different from that in CC. The study implied that the facility depreciation cost for AV and cost for increased feed intake in AV compared to CC are believed to be critical to evaluate the cost effectiveness of egg production in AV.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.803-805
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• 2014

The IL-16 rs4778889 T/C polymorphism is associated with cancer risk. However, the results are conflicting. We performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of association. A total of 6 studies including 1,603 cases and 2,342 controls were identified. With all studies involved, results showed no statistically significant association between IL-16 rs4778889 T/C polymorphism and cancer risk (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=0.74, 95%CI:0.55-1.02, $P_h=0.15$; CC+CT vs. TT: OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.72-1.10, $P_h=0.03$; CC vs. TT: OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.53-1.00, $P_h=0.08$; CT vs. TT: OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.79-1.05, $P_h=0.08$; C vs. T: OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.74-1.07, $P_h=0.02$). In addition, the results were not changed when studies were stratified by cancer type. However, to verify our findings, it is essential to perform more well-designed studies with larger sample sizes in the future.