• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2002

In the present study, the postnatal developmental changes in the expressional levels of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) $Ca^{2+}$ regulatory proteins, i.e. $Ca^{2+}-ATPase,$ phospholamban, and $Ca^{2+}$ release channel, were investigated. Both SR $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and phospholamban mRNA levels were about 35% of adult levels at birth and gradually increased to adult levels. Protein levels of both SR $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and phospholamban, which were measured by quantitative immunoblotting, were closely correlated with the mRNA levels. The initial rates of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake at birth were about 40% of adult rates and also increased gradually during the myocardial development. Consequently, the relative phospholamban/$Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ ratio was 1 in developmental hearts. $Ca^{2+}$ release channel (ryanodine receptor) mRNA was about $50{\sim}60%$ at birth and increased gradually to adult level throughout the postnatal rat heart development. $^3[H]ryanodine$ binding increased gradually during postnatal myocardial development, which was closely correlated with ryanodine mRNA expression levels during the development except the ryanodine mRNA level at birth. These findings indicate that cardiac SR $Ca^{2+}-ATPase,$ phospholamban, and $Ca^{2+}$ release channel are expressed coordinately, which may be necessary for intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ regulation during the rat heart development.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and cysteine have been implicated in a number of human neutrophils' functional responses. However, though $Ca^{2+}$ signaling is one of the key signalings contributing to the functional responses of human neutrophils, effects of NAC and cysteine on intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in human neutrophils have not been investigated yet. Thus, this study was carried out with an objective to investigate the effects of NAC and cysteine on $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils. We observed that NAC ($1{\mu}M{\sim}1mM$) and cysteine ($10{\mu}M{\sim}1mM$) increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. In NAC pre-supplmented buffer, an additive effect on N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils was observed. In $Ca^{2+}$-free buffer, NAC- and cysteine-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in human neutrophils completely disappeared, suggesting that NAC- and cysteine-mediated increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils occur through $Ca^{2+}$ influx. NAC- and cysteine-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase was effectively inhibited by calcium channel inhibitors SKF96365 ($10{\mu}m$) and ruthenium red ($20{\mu}m$). In $Na^+$-free HEPES, both NAC and cysteine induced a marked increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils, arguing against the possibility that $Na^+$-dependent intracellular uptake of NAC and cysteine is necessary for their $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increasing activity. Our results show that NAC and cysteine induce $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase through $Ca^{2+}$ influx in human neutrophils via SKF96365- and ruthenium red-dependent way.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2016

Biochar, which has high alkalinity, has widely studied for amendment of soil that contaminated with heavy metals. The aim of this study is assessment of amendment for arsenic and heavy metals contaminated acidic agricultural soil using biochar that derived from buffalo weed (A. trifida L. var. trifida). Pot experiments were carried out including analysis of soil solution, contaminants fractionation, soil chemical properties and plant (lettuce) uptake rate. Arsenic and heavy metals concentrations in soil solution showed relatively low in biochar added experiments when compared to the control. In the heavy metals fractionation in soil showed decrease of exchangeable fraction and increase of carbonates fraction; however, arsenic fractionations showed constant. Soil chemical properties indicated that biochar could induce recovery of soil quality for plant growth in terms of soil alkalinity. However, phosphate concentration in biochar added soil decreased due to Ca-P precipitation by exchangeable calcium from biochar. Arsenic and heavy metals uptake rate of plant in the amended experiment decreased to 50% when compared to the control. Therefore biochar derived from buffalo weed can be used as amendment material for agricultural soil contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals. Precipitation of As-Ca and metal-carbonates are major mechanisms for soil amendment using char.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2019

Purpose: Thallium (TI+) autometallography is often used for the imaging of neuronal metabolic activity in the rodent brain under various pathophysiologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a thallium autometallographic technique to observe changes in neuronal activity in the forebrain of rats following acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. Methods: In order to induce acute CO intoxication, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm of CO for 40 minutes, followed by 3000 ppm of CO for 20 minutes. Animals were sacrificed at 30 minutes and 5 days after induction of acute CO intoxication for thallium autometallography. Immunohistochemical staining and toluidine blue staining were performed to observe cellular damage in the forebrain following intoxication. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in significant reduction of TI+ uptake in major forebrain structures, including the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum. In the cortex and hippocampal CA1 area, marked reduction of TI+ uptake was observed in the cell bodies and dendrites of pyramidal neurons at 30 minutes following acute CO intoxication. There was also strong uptake of TI+ in astrocytes in the hippocampal CA3 area following acute CO intoxication. However, there were no significant histological findings of cell death and no reduction of NeuN (+) neuronal populations in the cortex and hippocampus at 5 days after acute CO intoxication. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that thallium autometallography can be a new and useful technique for imaging functional changes in neural activity of the forebrain structure following mild to moderate CO intoxication.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 1999

Alterations of cardiovascular function associated with various thyroid states have been studied. In hyperthyroidism left ventricular contractility and relaxation velocity were increased, whereas these parameters were decreased in hypothyroidism. The mechanisms for these changes have been suggested to include alterations in the expression and/or activity levels of various proteins; ${\alpha}-myosin$ heavy chain, ${\beta}-myosin$ heavy chain, ${\beta}-receptors,$ the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein, and the sarcolemmal $Ca^{2+}-ATPase.$ All these cellular alterations may be associated with changes in the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. The most important regulator of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which serves as a $Ca^{2+}$ sink during relaxation and as a $Ca^{2+}$ source during contraction. The $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and phospholamban are the most important proteins in the SR membrane for muscle relaxation. The dephosphorylated phospholamban inhibits the SR $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ through a direct interaction, and phosphorylation of phospholamban relieves the inhibition. In the present study, quantitative changes of $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and phospholamban expression and the functional consequences of these changes in various thyroid states were investigated. The effects of thyroid hormones on (1) SR $Ca^{2+}$ uptake, (2) phosphorylation levels of phospholamban, (3) SR $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and phospholamban protein levels, (4) phospholamban mRNA levels were examined. Our findings indicate that hyperthyroidism is associated with increases in $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and decreases in phospholamban levels whereas opposite changes in these proteins occur in hypothyroidism.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2017

벼 식물체에 규소, 질소, 칼슘을 단독 및 혼합 처리할 경우 무기이온의 흡수와 식물호르몬 $GA_1$과 JA 함량변화에 미친 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 질소와 칼슘이온은 규소처리에 의해 흡수가 억제된 것으로 조사됐고, 마그네슘 함량은 규소, 질소, 칼슘 단독 및 혼합처리에서 무처리보다 증가하였다. 2. 식물호르몬 ABA의 함량은 모든 처리에서 무처리와 차이가 없었다. 3. 식물호르몬 $GA_1$의 함량은 질소와 규소 혼합처리에서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 질소 단독처리 규소 단독처리 순으로 높았다. 반면 칼슘 단독처리 및 칼슘과 규소 혼합처리에서 $GA_1$함량은 차이가 없었고, 이러한 결과는 규소, 질소 및 칼슘 처리 후 12시간 및 24시간에서도 동일한 양상을 보였다. 4. 규소, 질소, 칼슘 단독 및 혼합처리 후 6시간 뒤 식물호르몬 JA 함량은 모든 처리에서 무처리보다 증가하였고, 특히 규소와 질소 혼합처리에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 그러나 처리 후 12시간과 24시간 후 조사에서는 칼슘 단독처리에서 JA 함량이 무처리와 차이가 없었고, 이외의 처리에서는 무처리보다 높았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2002

240$^{\circ}C$와 Ca/Si=2 몰 비율의 열수상태에서 합성된 고체 베타-디칼슘 실리케이트 하이드레이트($\beta-C_2$SH)는 Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, 및 Pb와 같은 2가 금속 양이온에 대한 양이온 교환 성질을 보여준다. 그 고체에 희한 금속 양이온 흡인력은 $Fe^{2+}$〉$Cu^{2+}$〉$Zn^{2+}$〉$Cd^{2+}$ = $Pb^{2+}$의 순서로 됨이 밝혀졌다. 고체에 세슘 선택성은 $Li^+$, $Na^+$ 및 $K^+$와 같은 1가 양이온이나 $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$ 및 $Ba^{++}$와 같은 2가 양이온이 $Cs^+$보다 백배이상 진한 상태에서 나타내었다. $Cs^+$의 흡인력은 $Mg^{++}$의 존재하에서 최대치를 보여주었고, 반면에 $K^+$의 존재하에서 최소치를 보여주었다. 2가 금속이온에 대한 $\beta-C_2$SH의 다른 친화도는 이들 이온을 분리하는데 사용 할수 있다. 또한 $\beta-C_2$SH에 희한 금속 양이온 교환에 대한 반응경로 및 세슘 선택성이 연구되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.413-418
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• 1985

질소원(窒素源)을 달리한 배양액(培養液)으로 담배식물의 양분흡수와 생육반응을 조사한 결과 1. $NO_3-N$ 배양액에서 자란식물은 양분 흡수가 크게 촉진되었다. $NH_4-N$ 배양액에서 자란식물보다 $NO_3-N$의 흡수로 무기양(無機陽)이온의 흡수가 현저하게 증가되었고 그중 K의 흡수가 가장컷으며 처리직후부터 빠른 흡수속도로 총질소(總窒素)는 2배(倍), K, Ca, Mg는 모두 3배 이상 높았다. 그리고 $NO_3+NH_4$ 혼합배양액(混合培養液)에서는 $NO_3-N$ 선택흡수(選擇吸收)되는 경향을 보였다. 2. 담배식물이 자란 배양액의 산도(酸度)는 질소원별로 상이(相異)하여 $NO_3-N$ 배양액은 알카리쪽으로 미미하게 변하지만 $NH_4-N$ 배양액에서 산성(酸性)쪽으로 큰 변화를 나타냈고 $NO_3+NH_4$ 혼합액(混合液)도 산성(酸性)쪽으로 변하지만 $NH_4-N$단독배양액보다는 크지 않았다. 3. 담배식물의 생육반응은 $NO_3-N$ 배양액에서 가장 양호하게 나타났으나 $NH_4{^+}$을 함유한 배양액에서는 생육이 부진하였으며 특히 $NH_4-N$ 단독배양액에서는 생육이 거의 정지되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2016

In this work, recent progress on graphene/metal oxide composites as advanced materials for $HgCl_2$ and $CO_2$ capture was investigated. Density Functional Theory calculations were used to understand the effects of temperature on the adsorption ability of $HgCl_2$ and water vapor on $CO_2$ adsorption on CaO (001) with reinforced carbon-based nanostructures using B3LYP functional. Understanding the mechanism by which mercury and $CO_2$ adsorb on graphene/CaO (g-CaO) is crucial to the design and fabrication of effective capture technologies. The results obtained from the optimized geometries and frequencies of the proposed cluster site structures predicted that with respect to molecular binding the system possesses unusually large $HgCl_2$ ($0.1-0.4HgCl_2g/g$ sorbent) and $CO_2$ ($0.2-0.6CO_2g/g$ sorbent) uptake capacities. The $HgCl_2$ and $CO_2$ were found to be stable on the surface as a result of the topology and a strong interaction with the g-CaO system; these results strongly suggest the potential of CaO-doped carbon materials for $HgCl_2$ and $CO_2$ capture applications, the functional gives reliable answers compared to available experimental data.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2005

It is imperative to analyse brain injuries directly in real time, so as to find effective therapeutic compounds to protect brain injuries by stress. We established a system which could elucidate the real time $Ca^{2+}$ dynamics in an organotypic cultured hippocampal slice by the insults of artificial stress hormone, dexamethasone. The real time $Ca^{2+}$ dynamics could continuously be detected in cornus ammonis 3 (CA3) of the organotypic hippocampus for 8 hours under confocal microscopy. When dexamethasone concentration was increased, the $Ca^{2+}$ was also increased in a dose dependent manner at $1{\sim}100{\mu}M$ concentrations. Moreover, when the organotypic cultured hippocampal slice was treated with a glutamate receptor antagonist together with dexamethasone, the real time $Ca^{2+}$ dynamics were decreased. Furthermore, we confirmed by PI uptake study that glutamate receptor antagonist reduced the hippocampal tissue damage caused by dexamethasone treatment. Therefore, our new calcium ion dynamics system in organotypic cultured hippocampal slice after dexamethasone treatment could provide real time analysis method for investigation of brain injuries by stress.