• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.131-139
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• 2013

To overcome the limitations in performance and power consumption of traditional electrical interconnection based network-on-chips (NoCs), a hybrid optical network-on-chip (HONoC) architecture using optical interconnects is emerging. However, the HONoC architecture should use circuit-switching scheme owing to the overhead by optical devices, which worsens the latency unfairness problem caused by frequent path collisions. This resultingly exert a bad influence in overall performance of the system. In this paper, we propose a new task mapping algorithm for optimizing latency by reducing path collisions. The proposed algorithm allocates a task to a certain processing element (PE) for the purpose of minimizing path collisions and worst case latencies. Compared to the random mapping technique and the bandwidth-constrained mapping technique, simulation results show the reduction in latency by 43% and 61% in average for each $4{\times}4$ and $8{\times}8$ mesh topology, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1997

The role of L-glutamic acid, a precursor of $C_5$ ALA biosynthetic pathway, on the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been described in cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum N-1. To the Lascelles basal medium the addition of both 30 mM L-glutamicacid and 20 mM levulinic acid (LA) provided to increase the extracellular ALA yield up to 40 fold (76 mg/l). By the addition of both 60 mM glycine and succinic acid, precursorsof $C_4$ ALA biosynthetic pathway, at middle log phase of cell growth ALA yield was increased 27 fold (52 mg/l) although the celt growth was inhibited to a certain extent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.285-292
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate immune-activities by heat therapy. To exam, furthermore, the immune effect is investigated from the healthy volunteer(male:15, female:15) by monitoring changes of immune substances such as complements(C1q, C3, and C4), a comparative study with warm water immersion($40.8{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$) and infrared(250W) was carried out. The plasma analysis showed that the percentage of C1q, C3, and C4 was decreased in warm water immersion-stimulated group, but not in infrared-applied group, compared with control group from healthy volunteer. Therefore, these results suggest that the thermo-stimulation improved immune activity and inhibited complement-related inflammation through the warm water immersion-dependent classical pathway.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1170-1182
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• 2004

A novel 4-way pipelined processing architecture is presented for three-step search block-matching motion estimation. For the 4-way pipelined processing, we have developed a method which divides the current block and search area into 4 subregions respectively and processes them concurrently. Also, we have developed memory partitioning method to access pixel data from 4 subregions concurrently without memory conflict. The architecture has been designed and simulated with C language and VHDL. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture achieves a high performance for real time motion estimation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.4 s.100
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• pp.535-542
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• 2005

This paper proposes an on-demand ad hoc routing protocol, Node Density Based Routing (NDBR), which enhances the routing performance applying a new method to establish alternate patlis. It is important to reserve alternate paths for the route from source to destination in mobile ad hoc networks that are susceptible to failure due to the movement or the power exhaustion of mobile nodes. NDBR aims to establish a route that contains more alternate paths toward the destination by involving intermediate nodes with relatively more adjacent nodes in a possible route, and introduces a new routing criterion called 'node density.' This approach can localize the effects of route failures, and reduce control traffic overhead and route reconfiguration time by enhancing the reachability to the destination node without source-initiated route re-discoveries at route failures. This paper describes the route setup procedure using node density and the route re-configuration procedures employing alternate path information at the intermediate nodes. We show the performance of our routing schemes through a series of simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (ns-2).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2008

To increase the lifetime of ad-hoc networks, a ratio of energy consumption for each node should be kept constant by equally distributing network traffic loads into all of the nodes. In this paper, we propose a modified AODV routing protocol to determine a possible route by considering a remaining battery capacity of a node and the degree of its usage. In addition, to reduce the amount of energy consumption during the path rediscovery process due to the huge amount of the AODV control messages the limited number of possible routes are stored into a routing table of a source node. When some links of a route fail, another possible path can be looked up in the table before the route discovery process should be initiated. We have tested our proposed method with a conventional AODV and a MMBCR method which is one of the power-efficient energy routing protocols based on the three performance metrics, i.e., the total remaining battery capacity, network lifetime and the ratio of data packets received by the destination node to compare their performance.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.365-369
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• 2001

플라즈마 화학증착법(PECVD)에 의해 실리콘 (100) 기판 위에 3C-SiC막을 증착하였다. 증착반응시 유입가스비, R$_{x}$[=CH$_4$/(CH$_4$+H$_2$)]에 따른 증착막의 결정성에 대해 검토하였다. 증착된 3C-SiC막의 결정성은 R$_{x}$ 값이 감소할수록 더욱 향상되었으며, 형성된 결정상은 (111) 면으로 최대의 우선배향성을 가졌다. Nanoindentation 방법을 이용하여 3C-SiC막의 압입깊이에 따른 경도 및 탄성계수를 측정하였으며, 유입가스비(R$_{x}$)의 변화에 따라서 막의 경도 및 탄성계수가 뚜렷이 변화하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.17C no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new energy-efficient routing algorithm for sensor networks that selects a least energy consuming path among the paths formed by node with highest remaining energy and provides long network lifetime and uniform energy consumption by nodes. The pair distribution of the energy consumption over all the possible routes to the base station is one of the design objectives. Also, an alternate route search mechanism is proposed to cope with the situation in which no routing information is available due to lack of remaining energy of the neighboring nodes. Simulation results show that our algorithm extends the network lifetime and enhances the network reliability by maintaining relatively uniform remaining energy distribution among sensor nodes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.141-146
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• 2019

The aircraft noise analysis area in this study is a training airfield where various kinds of aircraft are operated. It is difficult to identify the noise analysis as a real measurement in a training airfield. In order to overcome these practical limitations and to establish appropriate noise countermeasures, a noise map is prepared using the Integrated Noise Model Version 7.0 of the aircraft noise prediction program used by the FAA. The noise of C90GT aircraft was measured while flying the takeoff route, landing route, and long route. We want to identify areas where noise damage is more than 70 WECPNL. No area exceeding the legal standard of 70 WECPNL was found in all routes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.314-325
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• 2016

Multiple changes of the photosynthesis pathway are independent evolutionary events occurring in the phylogeny of flowering plants, and such changes have occurred more than five times in Cyperaceae. In the tribe Cypereae, the C4 photosynthetic pathway appeared only once and is regarded as a synapomorphy of the C4 plants within this tribe. The morphological delimitation of genera within Cypereae does not correspond to their molecular phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the molecular phylogeny was compared with the photosynthetic pathways of Korean Cypereae (18 species of Cyperus, 1 species of Kyllinga, and 1 species of Lipocarpha). The photosynthetic pathways were determined by observing the leaf anatomy. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using three DNA regions (nrITS, rbcL, and trnL-F). According to the position of the photosynthetic tissue, 4 species (C. difformis, C. flaccidus, C. haspan, and C. tenuispica) and 16 species (14 Cyperus species, K. brevifolia var. leiolepis, and L. microcephala) were confirmed as C3 and C4 plants, respectively. Tribe Cypereae was divided into the CYPERUS and FICINIA clades, and all species of Korean Cypereae plants belonged to the CYPERUS clade in the phylogenetic analysis. Within the CYPERUS clade, C4 plants were monophyletic but their phylogenetic relationships were unclear. The genera Kyllinga and Lipocarpha were not supported as an independent genus in either case because they were nested by the Cyperus species in the molecular phylogenetic trees in the present and in previous studies. To determine the classification within the CYPERUS clade, a detailed morphological study and a molecular phylogenetic analysis at a high resolution will be necessary.