• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2015

The structural geometry of $[N(CH_3)_4]_2CdCl_4$ in a hexagonal phase is studied by $^1H$ MAS NMR, $^{13}C$ CP/MAS NMR, and $^{14}N$ NMR. The changes in the chemical shifts for $^{13}C$ and $^{14}N$ in the hexagonal phase are explained by the structural geometry. In addition, the temperature dependencies of the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame $T_{1{\rho}}$ for $^1H$ MAS NMR and $^{13}C$ CP/MAS NMR are measured.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.307-319
• /
• 1977

The crystal structure of $N-({\alpha}-dimethyl\;{\beta}-hydroxy)ethyl\;N'-cyclohexyl\;thiourea,\;C_{ll}H_{22}N_2OS)$, has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 10.33(3), b = 11.82(3), c = 22.57(4)${\AA}$ and Z = 8. A total of 1414 observed reflections collected by the Weissenberg photographs and was solved by heavy atom method and refined by block diagonal least-squares methods to the R value of 0.13. The cyclohexane ring has a normal chair conformation and the thiourea unit is planar. The primary alcoholic group O-H bonded to C(l) makes an intramolecular hydrogen bond with N(2), which leads to stablize the molecule. There are two independent hydrogen bonds in the structure. One of them is of the type N-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O intramolecular hydrogen bond with the length 2.71${\AA}$, another is of the type O-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$S intermolecular hydrogen bond with the length 3.21${\AA}$ parallel to the b axis. Apart from the hydrogen bonding system the molecules are held together by van der Waals forces in the crystal.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2014

The designed dye material, namely 2-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzylidene) compound, was synthesized. After the reaction, the solid was filtered and purified by recrystalization with acetone/water. To confirm and analyze its synthesis and structural formation, the single crystal was prepared and its measurement was carried out. A yellow needle crystal of $C_{22}H_{13}N_3$ were made on a Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer using graphite monochromated CuK${\alpha}$ radiation. All details were suggested and introduced to support and communicate this study.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2003

To understand the chemical structure of sewer sludge in comparison with commercial compost and charcoal used as a soil improver, it was carried out to analyse their ash contents and metal ions, and to elucidate the chemical structure of their residuals after a sequential treatment of alcohol-benzene(1:2) extraction in Soxhlet, 3% HCl reflux and 79% H₂SO₄ hydrolysis, using CHNS analyzer and solid C-13 NMR spectrometer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Ash content of sludge was about 46% that is higher than those of compost (17%) and charcoal (4%). 2. The residual of sludge after a sequential treatment of HCl and H₂SO₄ hydrolyses had high ash content about 23%, too. 3. The sludge seems to be suitable to the soil improver because the content of heavy metal ions in sludge was near the compost and below the organic fertilizer standard. 4. Elemental composition of sludge residual after HCl-H₂SO₄ hydrolyes was C/sub 56/H/sub 91/O/sub 12/N₂S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 7/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 7/C₂H/sub 43/O₂N₂S, similar to C/sub 103/H/sub 122/O/sub 33/N/sub 6/S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 6/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 10/C/sub 7/H/sub 22/O₃N/sub 6/S of compost. 5. The sludge residual had proved to have both considerable aliphatic and aromatic groups, but the compost residual to have mainly aliphatic groups and the charcoal to have mainly aromatic groups, through the peak analysis of solid C-13 NMR charts. 6. So, the sewer sludge is proved to have a considerable amount of aromaticity like in woody biomass containing lignin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 1995

The effect of protein kinase C inhibitors, sturosporine and 1-(5-isoquinolinyl sulfonyl)-2-methyl piperazine(H7) on in vitro differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells which were isolated from spleens of mice infected with the anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus were examined. Erythropoietin-mediated differentitation of erythroid progenitor cells, as determined by the incorporation of $^{59}Fe$ into protoporphyrin, was inhibited by staurosporine and H7 in a concentration -dependent manner. Scatchard analysis of the $^3H-phorbol-12$, 13-dibutyrate binding to erythroid progenitor cells revealed that at the high affinity sites the dissociation constant was 22nM and the maximum number of $^3H-phorbol-12$, 13-dibutyrate binding to erythroid progenitor cells revealed that at the high affinity sites the dissociation constant was 22nM and the maximum number of $^3H-phorbol-12$, 13-dibutyrate binding sites per cell was approximately $3.7\times10^5$. Cytosonic protein kinase C was isolated from erthroid progenitor cells and then purified by sequential column chromatogrphy. Two isoforms of protein kinase C were found. Photoaffinity labeling of the purified protein kinase C samples with $^3H-phorbol-12$12-myristate 13-acetate followed by analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and autofluorography showed radiolabeled 82-KDa pepticles. Rediolabeling of the 82-KDa peptides with $^3H-phorbol-12$myristate 13-acete was almost completely blocked by excess unlabeled phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was almost 12-muristate 13-acetate-promoted phosphorylation with the puyrified protein kinase C samples showed that the phosphorylation of 82-KDa peptides was increased as the concentration of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was increased from $10^{-8}M{\;}to{\;}10^{-4}$M. In light of the findings that erythroid progenitor cells possessed an abundance of protein kinase C and that stauroporine and H7 inhibited erythroid differentiation, it seemed likely that protein kinase C would play a role in the erythroid progenitor cell development.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 1991

The following new cryptand 221 complexes of lanthanides(Ⅲ) and dioxouranium(Ⅵ) nitrate have been synthesized: $(Ln(C_{16}H_{32}N_2O_5)(H_2O)_2(NO_3)_3\ and \((UO_2)_2(C_{16}H_{32}N_2O_5)(H_2O)_4(NO_3)_4$. These complexes have been identified by elemental analysis, moisture titration, conductivity measurements and various spectroscopic techniques. The proton and carbon-13 NMR as well as calorimetric measurements were used to study the interaction of cryptand 221 with La(Ⅲ), Pr(Ⅲ ), Ho(Ⅲ) and $UO_2(Ⅱ)$ ions in nonaqueous solvents. The bands of metal-oxygen atoms, metal-nitrogen atoms and O-U-O in the IR spectra shift upon complexation to lower frequencies, and the vibrational spectra ({\delta}NMN$) of metal-amide complexes in the crystalline state exhibit lattice vibrations below 300 $cm^{-1}$. The NMR spectra of the lanthanides(Ⅲ) and dioxouranium(Ⅵ) nitrate complexes in nonaqueous solvents are quite different, indicating that the ligand exists in different conformation, and also the $^1H$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ studies indicated that the nitrogen atom of the ring has greater affinity to metal ions than does the oxygen atom, and the planalities of the ring are lost by complexation with metal ions. Calorimetric measurements show that cryptand 221 forms more stable complexes with $La^{3+}$ and $Pr^{3+}$ ions than with $UO^{22+}$ ion, and $La^{3+}/Pr^{3+}$ and $UO^{22+}/Pr^{3+}$ selectivity depends on the solvents. These changes on the stabilities are dependent on the basicity of the ligand and the size of the metal ions. The absorption band (230-260 nm) of the complex which arises from the direct interaction of macrocyclic donor atoms with the metal ion is due to n-{\delta}*$ transition and also that (640-675 nm) of $UO^{22+}$-cryptand 221 complex, which arises from interaction between two-dioxouranium(Ⅵ) ions in being out of cavity of the ligand ring is due to d-d* transition.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 1998

Hog manure slurry amended with sawdust was composted in pilot-scale reactor vessels using continuous aeration nuder different C/N ratios and pH conditions during composting high rate (decomposition) process. For each material two replicated piles were built and monitored over a period of three weeks. The compost piles had an initial volume of 0.18 ㎥. In this study we evaluated the temperature in compost O2 and CO2 evolution, aeration rate, NH3 concentration etc. and investigated the stability of compost during composting high rate process. According to measured results, while the maximum NH3 concentration during composting high rate process. According to measured results, while the maximum NH3 concentration during composting high rate was in the range of 213 to 412 ppm on 5th day which was near the optimum C/N(22∼24) and pH(7.5∼7.9). And then, the NH3 concentration reduced to between 22∼26 ppm by 13th day. The maximum NH3 concentration for the lower C/N(18∼19) and pH value of 6 reached 574∼1,063 ppm by the 16th through 11th days and the NH3 concentration during continuous aerated composting high rate process, it was more important to manage NH3 gas so that compost odor is reduced.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.31-31
• /
• 2002

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn(NO₃)₂6H₂O with benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (or isophthalic acid, 1,3-BDCH₂) and pyridine led to the formation of a 1-dimensional coordination polymer with the empirical formula of [Zn₄(1,3-BDC)₃(Py)₂(O/sup 2-/)] (1). On the other hand, the hydrothermal reaction of Tb(NO₃)₃5H₂O with benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (or isophthalic acid, 1,3-BDCH₂) and pyridine gave a 3-D compound [Tb₃(1,3-BDC)₂(H₂O₃] (2). The structures of both compounds have been determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinlc space group P2₁/n, a = 10.344(3) Å, b = 18.030(3) Å, c = 18.033(3) Å, = 90.46(2)°, V = 3363.1(13) ,ų, Z = 4. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/n, a = 22.253(5) Å, b = 18.672(4) Å, c = 11.5812 Å, = 101.40(2)°, V = 4717.3(21) ų, Z = 8.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.169-172
• /
• 2012

The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Clerodendron trichotomum. Antibacterial activities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions from C. trichotomum were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. The n-hexane and MC fractions showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori at a concentration of 1.7 mg/mL and showed inhibition zones of 10 and 11 mm in disc assay, respectively. Further testing of 22-dehydroclerosterol and ${\beta}$-amyrin (each 3.4 mg/mL) from the MC fraction of C. trichotomum revealed moderate antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori. In particular, ${\beta}$-amyrin showed clear zones of 12 and 13 mm against E. coli and H. pylori, respectively, suggesting its potential as an antibacterial agent. The active compounds from C. trichotomum might provide a promising therapeutic agent against infections by E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to analyze the composition of landfill generation gas using vertical pipe wells installed at landfill. The characteristics of composed waste were examined by the open-cut test at H. landfill in Pusan. The waste compositions of landfill layer by Open-cut test indicated that organic matter was average $4.6{\sim}8.78%$ in each landfill. $CH_4$ compositions of gas in each landfill were $49.71{\sim}50.45%$(A-point), $50.39{\sim}53.74%$(B-point), and $58.76{\sim}61.62%(C-point), respectively. The chemical formula of organic matter left in the underground was $C_{36.3}H_{76}O_{30}N_{0.3}S_{0.1}$ Underground temperatures were changed to $18.8{\sim}25.8^{\circ}C$ when the ambient temperature was about $13.4^{\circ}C$. Temperatures with passed times in A, B and C-lysimeter were about $21.1{\sim}22.5^{\circ}C,\;30{\sim}32.5^{\circ}C$ and $35{\sim}38.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. After about 65 day, decomposition rates of organic matter in A, B and C-lysimeter were 9.9%, 14.9% and 22.3%, respectively.