• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2008

To prepare the high-capacity cathode material with improved electrochemical performances, nanoparticles of $C0_3(PO_4)_2$ were coated on the powder surface of $Li[Co_{0.1}Ni_{0.15}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.55}]O_2$, which was already synthesized by simple combustion method. The coated powders after the heat treatment at >$700^{\circ}C$ surely showed well-structured crystalline property with nanoscale surface coating layer, which was consisted of $LiCOPO_4$ phase formed from the reaction bwtween $CO_3(PO_4)_2$ and lithium impurities. In addition, cycle performance was particularly improved by the $CO_3(PO_4)_2$-coating for the cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.7
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• pp.45-52
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• 1966

This study was carried out to determine how the water soluble, the available $P_2O_5$ and urea-N would change in the course of time, when the mixtures of calcium superphosphate and urea with lime for fertilizer which occurred in Korea and largely contained calcium carbonate were made. Three kinds of materials, i. e., calcium superphosphate, urea and lime for fertilizer were used in this study. Three kinds of mixed fertilizer, i. e., A, B and C were made up by mixing these materials to satisfy the following formula. $$1)\;Ca(H_2PO_4)_2+CaCO_3+CO(NH_2)_2{\rightarrow}$$$$Ca_2H_2(PO_4)+H_2CO_3+NH_3$$ $$2)\;Ca(H_2PO_4)_2+CaCO_3+CO(NH_2)_2{\rightarrow}$$$$Ca_3(PO_4)_2+H_2CO_3+NH_3$$ $$3)\;Ca(H_2PO_4)_2+CaCO_3+CO(NH_2)_2{\rightarrow}$$$$Ca_3(PO_4)_2+H_2CO_3+CaCO_3+NH_3$$ A,B and C were placed in desiccators respectively a six month period. During the time of storage, the water soluble, the available phosphoric acid and urea-N were measured once a month, seven times with the control measurement. The results may be summarized as follows. 1. None of A, B and C showed any change in the urea-N with the lapse of time. This fact indicated that the combination of calcium superphosphate and urea with lime for fertilizer was not unfavourable. 2. A, B and C decreased in the amount of water soluble $P_2O_5$ with the passage of time. This fact indicated that the mixing of calcium superphosphate and urea with lime for fertilizer was unfeasible. 3. The available $P_2O_5$ in any of A,B and C did not undergo a change as time went by. This fact suggested that the combination of calcium superphate and urea with lime for fertilizer was favourable.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 2006

Removal characteristics of $H^{14}CO_3$ ion from IRN-150 mixed resin contaminated with $^{14}C$ radionuclide and a gasification behavior of $^{14}C$ radionuclide to $^{14}CO_2$ were investigated. The stripping solutions used for the removal of $^{14}C$ from spent resin were $NaNO_3,\;Na_3PO_4,\;NH_4H_2PO_4,\;H_3PO_4$. The influence of stripping solution concentration on the desorption characteristics of inactive $HCO_3$ ion into stripping solution from IRN-150 mixed resin and the gasification of this ion to $CO_2$ was analyzed. The gasification behavior to $CO_2$ by using NaOH, $HNO_3$, HCl was also compared to that of phosphate solution. Real spent resin stored in Wolsung nuclear power plant was used to evaluate the gasification characteristics of $^{14}C$ radionuclide to $^{14}CO_2$. Gamma radionuclides such as $^{137}Cs,\;^{60}Co$ in residual striping solutions after desorption experiment were analyzed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1737-1741
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• 2008

The electrochemical and thermal stability of $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.16}Al_{0.04}O_2$ were studied before and after $Co_3(PO_4)_2$ coating. Different to conventional coating material such as $ZrO_2$ or AlPO4, the coating layer was not detected clearly by TEM analysis, indicating that the $Co_3(PO_4)_2$ nanoparticles effectively reacted with surface impurities such as $Li_2CO_3$. The coated sample showed similar capacity at a low C rate condition. However, the rate capability was significantly improved by the coating effect. It is associated with a decrease of impedance after coating because impedance can act as a major barrier for overall cell performances in high C rate cycling. In the DSC profile of the charged sample, exothermic peaks were shifted to high temperatures and heat generation was reduced after coating, indicating the thermal reaction between electrode and electrolyte was sucessfully suppressed by $Co_3(PO_4)_2$ nanoparticle coating.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2006

In this work, the $LiFePO_4-LiCoO_2$ mixed cathode electrodes were prepared and their electrochemical performances were measured in different current density. The cell of $LiFePO_4-LiCoO_2$ observed two voltage plateau regions at 3.4 and 3.9V. The cell of $LiFePO_4-LiCoO_2$ (90:10 wt%) mixed cathode delivered a discharge capacity of ca. 139.8 mAh/g at a 0.2C rate. The capacity of the cell decreased with the current rate and a useful capacity of ca 85.7mAh/g was obtained at a 2C rate.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.817-823
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• 2000

A solid-state electrochemicall cell for sensing CO2 gas was fabricated using a solid electrolyte of Li2CO3-Li3PO4-Al2O3 mixture and a reference electrode of LiMn2O4. The e.m.f. (electromotive force) of sensor showed a good accordance with theoretical Nernst slope (n=2) for CO2 gas concentration range of 100-10000 ppm above 35$0^{\circ}C$. The e.m.f. of sensor was constant regardless of oxygen partial pressure at the high temperature above 0.1 atm. It was, however, a little depended on oxygen partial pressure as the pressure decreased below 0.1 atm. The oxygen-dependency of our sensor gradually disappeared as the operating temperature increased. The sensing behavior of our CO2 sensor was affected by the presence of water vapor, but its effect was small comparing with other sensors.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2003

Calcium phosphate was prepared by chemical reaction formula using Oyster shells and $H_3$$PO_4$solutions. After added to 0.1 M∼0.9$ M H_3$$PO_4$ solution for oyster shell, prepared powders were investigated for heating properties and formation phase with heat treatment temperatures. As the results of XRD analysis of heated powders at $500^{\circ}C$∼$1200^{\circ}C$,$ CaCO_3$ phases were observed at the temperature of below 900 TEX>$^{\circ}C$ and in the condition of 0.1 M∼0.9 M $H_3$$PO_4$ solutions. However, $CaCO_3$, $CaPO_3$(OH) and $Ca_3$($PO_4$)$_2$ phases were appeared at the temperature range between $500∼900^{\circ}C$ and in the solution of 0.7 M to 0.9 M $H_3$$PO_4$. $Ca_{ 5}$($PO_4$)$_3$(OH) and CaO phases due to the decarbonation of oyster shells($CaCO_3$) were appeared at above $1000^{\circ}C$ and in the solution of below 0.5 M $H_3$X$PO_4$. However in the case of above 0.7 M $H_3$$H_4$ solutions, $Ca_{5}$ ($PO_4$)$_3$(OH) was decomposed into $Ca_3$($PO_4$)$_2$ at more higher 100$0^{\circ}C$. Thus $Ca_3$(X$Ca_4$)$_2$ phases were appeared at higher than 100$0^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.74.1-74.1
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite with single phase monoclinic structure for the cathode materials are successfully synthesized by direct co-precipitation method using N₂H₄·H₂O as the reducing agent and alginic acid as the carbon source, and their electrochemical properties were compared. The particles with approximately 1~2 ㎛ size and the uniform spherical-like morphology of the narrow particle size distribution were obtained. In addition, the residual carbon can also improve the electrical conductivity. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite has improved initial specific discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics to maintain capacity stably than Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃. The results indicate that the reducing agent and carbon composite can affect the good crystallinity and electrochemical performance of the cathode materials.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2015

Crystalline $Ce^{3+}$ co-doped $LaPO_4$:RE ($RE=Dy^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$, $Eu^{3+}$, $Sm^{3+}$) and mix doped rare earth ions of $Dy^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$ and $Eu^{3+}$ were prepared by the polyol method at $150^{\circ}C$. Strongly enhance luminescence intensity is obtained with the co-doping of $Ce^{3+}$ with $LaPO_4$:$Dy^{3+}$ and $LaPO_4$:$Tb^{3+}$ due to charge transfer (CT) occurring from $Ce^{3+}$ to $Dy^{3+}$ and $Ce^{3+}$ to $Tb^{3+}$, where as there is no significant changes in luminescence intensity of $Ce^{3+}$ co-doped $Eu^{3+}$ and $Sm^{3+}$ doped $LaPO_4$ samples. The luminescence color can be tuned from green to white by varying the excitation wavelength for the mix ions $Ce^{3+}$, $Dy^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$ and $Eu^{3+}$ doped with $LaPO_4$.