• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.365-376
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• 1999

수복물의 연마의 중요성에 대하여 많은 연구들이 이루어져 왔으며, 이는 수복물의 금속성질의 개선, 변연적합성의 증가 그리고 치태축적의 감소 등을 이유로 시행된다. 그러나 불행하게도 수복물에 대한 연마시 열의 발생으로 인하여 치수부위에 손상을 초래하므로 열의 발생을 최소화하려는 노력이 뒤따라야 할 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수복물의 연마시 회전속도의 차이, 냉각제의 적용 유무, 여러 종류의 수복물의 차이, 간헐적인 연마와 연속적인 연마의 차이 그리고 잔존 상아질의 두께의 정도에 따른 치수내부에서의 열의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 발거된 구치에 5급 와동을 형성한 후 복합레진(Z100, 3M co), resin-modified GIC(Dyract, Fuji II LC) 그리고 아말감(Degussa) 등으로 충전하였으며, 다양한 조건에서의 연마를 시행, 치수내부에서의 열의 변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Amalgam을 건조한 상태에서 연마시 다른 재료에 비해 가장 큰 치수내 온도 상승을 보였다(P<0.05). 그러나, Z100, Dyract Fuji II LC 간에는 간헐적 수복물 연마와 연속적인 수복물 연마 모두 어떤 경우든 유의차가 없었다(P>0.05). 2. 같은 조건으로 연마를 시행했을 때, 간헐적인 연마보다 연속적인 연마를 한 경우가 치수내 온도가 더 크게 상승하였다(P<0.01). 3. 아말감과 Dyract 에 있어서는 잔존 상아질의 차이에 따른 치수내 온도변화에 유의한 차이를 보였으나(P<0.01), Fuji II LC에 있어서는 유의성이 없었다(P>0.05). 4. 냉각제의 유무에는 관계없이 어떤 경우든 시간에 따른 온도 상승을 보였다. 그러나, 냉각제를 사용한 경우가 냉각제를 사용하지 않은 경우에 비해 온도 상승값이 훨씬 작았다(P<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability ($h^2$) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The $h^2$ estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The $h^2$ for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations ($r_G$) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (-0.29 to -0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (-0.16 to -0.26). BF had strong $r_G$ with RCP (-0.87 to -0.93). Moderately positive $r_G$ existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the $r_G$ between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The $r_G$ between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the $r_G$ between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1996

This study was performed to estimate the effects of cultured bone cell inoculated on porous type hydroxyaptite for the regeneration of the artificial alveolar bone defect. In this experiment 3 beagle dogs were used, and each of them were divided into right and left mandible. Every surgical intervention were performed under the general anesthesia by using with intravenous injection of Pentobarbital sodium(30mg/Kg). To reduce the gingival bleeding during surgery, operative site was injected with Lidocaine hydrochloride(l:80,000 Epinephrine) as local anesthesia. After surgery experimental animal were feeded with soft dietl Mighty dog, Frisies Co., U.S.A.) for 1 weeks to avoid irritaion to soft tissue by food. 2 months before surgery both side of mandibular 1st premolar were extracted and bone chips from mandibular body were obtained from all animals. Bone cells were cultured from bone chips obtained from mandible with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum under the conventional conditions. Porous type hydroxyapatite were immerse into the high concentrated cell suspension solution, and put 4 hours for attachin the cells on the surface of hydroxyapatite. Graft material were inserted on the artificial bone defect after 3 days of culture. Before insertion of cellinoculated graft material, scanning electronic microscopic observation were performed to confirm the attachment and spreading of cell on the hydroxyapatite surface. 3 artificial bone defects were made with bone trephine drill on the both side of mandible of the experimental animal. First defect was designed without insertion of graft material as negative control, second was filled with porous replamineform hydroxyapatite inoculated with cultured bone marrow cells as expermiental site, and third was filled with graft materials only as positive control. The size of every artificial bone defect was 3mm in diameter and 3mm in depth. After the every surgical intervention of animals, oral hygiene program were performed with 1.0% chlorhexidine digluconate. All of the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks after surgery. For obtaining histological section, tissus were fixed in 10% Buffered formalin and decalcified with Planko - Rycho Solution for 72hr. Tissue embeding was performed in paraffin and cut parallel to the surface of mandibular body. Section in 8um thickness of tissue was done and stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin. All the specimens were observed under the light microscopy. The following results were obtained : 1. In the case of control site which has no graft material, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone forming tendency were revealed compared with experimental groups. But bone surface were observed depression pattern on defect area because of soft tissue invasion into the artificial bone defect during the experimental period. 2. In the porous hydroxyapatite only group, inflammatory cell infiltration was prominet and dense connective tissue were encapsulated around grafted materials. osteoblastic activity in the early stage after surgery was low to compared with grafted with bone cells. 3. In the case of porous hydroxyapatite inoculated with bone cell, less inflammatory cell infiltration and rapid new bone formation activity was revealed than hydroxyapatite only group. Active new bone formation were observed in the early stage of control group. 4. The origin of new bone forming was revealed not from the center of defected area but from the surface of preexisting bony wall on every specimen. 5. In this experiment, osteoclastic cell was not found around grafted materials, and fibrovascular invasion into regions with no noticeable foreign body reaction. Conclusively, the cultured bone cell inoculated onto the porous hydroxyapatite may have an important role of regeneration of artificial bone defects of alveolar bone.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.241-260
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• 1995

The Maori's traditional clothing materials, basic forms of dress, and the pattern and technique of tatoo were examined in the present study in order to deepen the appreciation of the cultural heritage of the Maori. The research method employed was the analysis of written materials. And a fild-trip was also made for the study. The study was limitted to the traditional culture of body adornment of the Maori including the clothing which is preserved and practicing by them at the present day, and the origin and the process of the historical development of those are not included in the scope of the present study. Followings are the results of the study: (1) By far the most widely used fiber for Maori clothing is abtained from what is commonly called New Zealand Flax. The fiber of kiekie(Freycinetia baueriana) and cabbage trees(Cordyline spp.) may also be used. The strong, long-lasting fiber of toi(cordyline indivisa) is used for a prestige warrior's cloak. Flat strips of ti kauka(Cordyline australi) are also used as thatch on rain cloaks. (2) Regardless of technique used, Maori weaving is always worked horizontally from left to right. Traditionally the work was suspended between two upright turuturu or weaving sticks. As the work progressed a second pair of uprights was used to keep the work off the ground. These uprights were moved forward as required. Because the weaver sat on the ground, the working edge was kept at a height that was comfortable to reach. No weaving tools are used, the wefts(aho) being manipulated by the fingers. The two main Maori weaving techniques are whatu aho patahi(single-pair twining) and whatu aho rua(double-pair twining). (3) The Maori wore two basic garments - a waist met and a cloak. The cloth of commoners were of plain manufacture, while those of people of rank were superior, sometimes being decorated with feather or dyed tags and decorated borders. Children ran more-or-less naked until puberty, being dressed only for special events. Some working dress consisted of nothing more than belts with leaves thrust under them. Chiefs and commoners usually went barefoot, using rough sandals on journeys over rough country (4) The adornment of men and women of rank was an important matter of tribal concern as it was in chiefly persons that prestige of the group was centred, The durable items of Maori persons adornment were either worn or carried. Ornaments of various kinds were draped about the neck or suspended from pierced earlobes. Combs decorated the head. Personal decorations not only enhanced the appearance of men and women, but many had protective magical function. The most evident personal ornament was the hei-tiki made of jade or other material. Maori weapons were treasured by their owners. They served on bottle and were also personal regalia. A man of rank was not fully dressed without a weapon in hand. Also weapons were essential to effective oratory. (5) No man or woman of rank went without some tattoo adornment except in extremely rare instances when a person was too sacred to have any blood shed. The untattooed were marked as beeing commoners of no social standing. This indelible mark of rank was begun, with appropriate rite and ritual, at puberty. And tattoo marked the person as being of a marriageable age. Maori tattoo was unlike most traditional tattoo in that its main line were 'engraved' on the face with deep cuts made by miniature bone chisels. The fill-in areas were not tattooed with cuts but with the multiple pricks of small bone 'combs' that only lightly penetrated the skin surface. The instrument of tattoo consisted of small pots of pumice or wood into which was placed a wetted black pigment made from burnt kauri gum, burnt vegetable caterpillars or other sooty materials. A bird bone chisel or comb set at right angles on a short wooden handle was dipped into the gigment, that a rod or stick was used to tap head of this miniature adze, causing penetration of the skin surface. Black pigment lodged under the skin took on a bluish tinge. A full made facial tattoo consisted of major spirals with smaller spirals on each side of the nose and sweeping curved lines radiating out from between the brows over the forehead and from the nose to the chin. The major patterns were cut deep, while the secondary koru patterns were lightly pricked into the skin.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.409-427
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• 1998

Insamjungchuntang has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The effect of Insamjungchuntang on tracheal smooth muscle is not known. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Insamjungchuntang on histamine and acetylcholine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats and guinea pigs. Guinea pig (500 g, male) and Sprague Dawley rats (200 g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10 mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat and guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5 g loading tension. The dose of histamine (His) and acetylcholine (Ach) which evoked 50% of maximal response $(ED_{50})$ was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine and acetylcholine$(10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}\;M)$. Contractions evoked by His ($ED_{50}$) and Ach $(ED_{50})$ were inhibited significantly by Insamjungchuntang. In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $38.58\(p<0.05)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang, $90.75\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$. Insamjungchuntang and $133.17\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $10.0\(p<0.05)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang, $80.71\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}/ml$ Insamjungchuntang and $118.29\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. Also, in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $45.5\(p<0.01)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ lnsamjungchuntang, and $93.17\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$. lnsamjungchuntang $134.50\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $37.83\(p<0.01)\;after\;10{\mu}l/ml$ lnsamjungchuntang, $90.5\(p<0.01)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang and $135.17\(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang. Propranolol $(10^{-7}\;M)$ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Insamjungchuntang. Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$. Insamjungchuntang fell to 46.42% in guinea pig induced by acetylcholine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang fell to 5.43% (p<0.05) in rat induced by acetylcholine contraction and the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang fell to 49.0% in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Insamjungchuntang fell to 48.6% (p<0.05) in rat induced by histamine contraction. Indomethacin and methylene blue $(10^{-7}\;M)$ did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of lnsamjungchuntang. Also, I could find the effects of lnsamjungchuntang and Insamjungchuntanggamorphine on the tracheal smooth muscle in guinea pig and rat did not change significantly. These results indicate that Insamjungchuntang can relax histamine and acetylcholine-induced contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves sympathetic effects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2000

근관형성을 위해 표준화된 근관형성기구에 비해 taper가 큰 기구들이 사용되고 있으며 이를 이용하여 형성된 근관은 taper가 큰 근관의 모양을 갖는다. 근관충전방법에 있어 근관의 크기에 적합한 1차적 gutta-percha cone을 선택할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 .04 및 .06 taper의 전동화일로 형성된 근관에 열연화충전법을 위해 가장 적합한 1차 cone을 선택하기 위한 지침 마련의 목적으로, 근단공의 크기와 근관의 taper에 따른 gutta-percha cone의 근단부 근관 내 적 합도를 평가하였다. ProFile$^{(R)}$ .04 taper와 .06 taper를 이용하여 Crown down 방법으로 60개의 모형근관을 형성하였다. 표준화 gutta-percha cone, Dia-Pro ISO-.04$^{TM}$ 및 .06 gutta-percha cone, MF, F, FM 및 M 크기의 비표준화 gutta-percha cone의 근관 내 적합도는 치근단 5mm의 근관면적에 대한 gutta-percha cone의 점유 면적비(%)로 하였다. .04 taper, 25번 크기의 근관에서는 F, MF 크기의 비표준화 cone이 표준화 cone과 Dia-Pro 180-.04$^{TM}$ 보다 우수한 근관적합도를 나타내었고(p<0.05), 30번 크기의 근관에서는 F, Dia-Pro ISO-.04$^{TM}$, FM 크기의 gutta-percha cone 모두 표준화 cone보다 우수한 근관적합도를 나타내었으나(p<0.05), 35번 크기의 근관에서는 모든 gutta-percha cone 사이에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05) .06 taper, 25번 크기의 근관에서는 사용된 비표준화 cone 모두가 표준화 cone, Dia-Pro ISO-.06$^{TM}$ 보다 나은 근관적합도를 나타내었고(P<0.05), 30번 크기의 근관에서는 표준화 cone을 제외한 나머지 gutta-percha cone에서 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 35번 크기의 근관에는 M 크기의 비표준화 cone이 가장 우수한 근관적합도를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, FM과 Dia-Pro ISO-.06$^{TM}$ 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.581-596
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• 1994

치근활택술만 시행한 군과 치근활택술후 테트라사이클린 25, 50, 75, 100, 150mg/ml 농도로 5분간 처리한 군 사이에 치근면에서의 치주인대세포에 대한 증식 및 전개에 미치는 효과를 비교하기 위해 심한 치주질환으로 이환된 치아를 발치하여 철저한 치근활택술을 시행한 후 치주질환에 이환된 치근면만을 이용하여 치근절편을 제작하였다. 5분간 절편을 각 농도별로 침수시킨 후 세포증식률을 알아보기 위해 각 절편을 24 well 조직배양기에 넣고 $1{\times}10^5$개의 치주인대세포를 가진 배양액 1ml씩을 넣어 6시간동안 배양 후, 새로운 배양기에 옮기고 24, 48, 72시간동안 배양하여 0.05% trypsin/0.02% EDTA로 처리하고 세포를 분리하여 광학위상차현미경을 이용하여 세포수를 측정하고 단위치근면적당 세포수를 계산하였다, 세포증식률의 실험에서는 24, 48, 72시간 모두에서 치근활택술군, 테트라사이클린 25, 150, 50, 75, 100mg/ml 처리군 순으로 세포 수가 증가함을 보였으며 각 군 모두에서도 시간경과에 따라 부착세포수도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 24시간에서는 치근활택술군과 테트라사이클린 75mg/ml, 100mg/ml 처리군 사이, 48시간에서는 치근활택술군과 테트라사이클린 100mg/ml 처리군 사이, 72시간에서는 치근활택술군과 테트라사이클린 50, 75, 100mg/ml와 테트라사이클린 25mg/ml와 100mg/ml 사이에 통계학적으로 유의성을 보였다(p<0.05). 전반적으로 치근활택술군보다 테트라사이클린으로 처리한 치근면 특히 농도 100mg/ml 처리군에서 좋은 세포증식률을 보였으며 150mg/ml에서는 100mg/ml 처리군에 비해 세포 증식률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서는 세포배양 30분 후에는 치근활택술군에서는 세포외형이 전반적으로 구형을 보이면서 부착된 양상을 보였고 테트라사이클린 처리군에서는 세포질이 방사형으로 약간 확장되고 중간부는 소기포로 덮히고 둥글게 보였다. 세포수에 있어서도 테트라사이클린 처리군이 더 많이 부착되어 있는 양상을 나타내었고 상아세관의 노출도 관찰할 수 있었다. 세포배양 6시간이 경과한 후 세포는 치근활택술군에서는 세포질이 방사형으로 확장되어 보이고, 테트라사이클린 처리군에서는 세포의 변연일부가 함몰되어 극성을 나타내기 시작했다. 세포배양 24시간이 경과한 후 치근활택술군에서는 세포가 뚜렷한 극성을 보이고 테트라사이클린 처리군에서는 조금 더 신장된 방추형을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과, 치주인대세포의 전개는 치근면을 테트라사이클린으로 처리시 테트라사이클린 l00mg/ml 처리군이 50mg/ml 처리군보다 초기에는 약간 더 진전된 양상을 보였으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 거의 유사하게 나타났으며, 치근활택술군보다는 우수하게 진행되었고, 세포증식률에서는 테트라사이클린 100mg/ml 처리군이 가장 많은 세포수를 보였으므로 임상적용시에는 테트라사이클린 100mg/ml가 적절할 것으로 사료된다.