• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.204-208
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• 2013

CO2 emission makes up more than 80% of whole green gas. Therefore CO2 is recognized as the main culprit of global warming. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is advising the 3 methods measuring CO2 emission. TIER1 is measured CO2 emission by criteria the energy consumption, TIER2 measure by criteria the emission factor according to the emission control technique each kind of vehicle, TIER3 is measured by criteria the distance each kind of vehicle. Currently, the most of CO2 emission measurement is used by TIER1. But it is not standardized that CO2 emission measurement method have the factor as work condition each distance. Specially, it is not suggest that methodology has the condition changing load of equipment according to site condition and the same position work as construction equipment. So, this study is suggested the CO2 emission measurement methodology of construction equipment.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to consider the effectiveness of continuous $CO_2$ emission monitoring in waste incinerator. To prevent global warming, many countries are trying to reduce $CO_2$, the main greenhouse gas. Currently, Korea is implementing an emission trading scheme to reduce $CO_2$, and waste incinerators are included in this scheme as major $CO_2$ sources. However, when using waste incinerators, $CO_2$ is discharged during incineration of various types of wastes, therefore it is very difficult to calculate the amount of emissions according to IPCC guidelines. In addition, the estimation of $CO_2$ emissions by calculation is known to lack of accuracy comparing with actual emissions. Currently, Korea is operating CleanSYS, which enables continuous measurement of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the $CO_2$ emissions of waste incineration facilities. The IPCC, which published $CO_2$ emission calculation guidelines, recognizes that direct measurement of emission is a more advanced method in cases of various $CO_2$ emission sources such as a waste incineration facility. Also, Korean emission trading scheme guidelines allow estimation of $CO_2$ emissions by continuous measurement at waste incineration facilities. Therefore, this study considers the effectiveness of a direct measurement method by comparing the results of CleanSYS with the calculation method suggested by the IPCC guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

Soil $CO_2$ emission is one of the primary components in carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. To accurately assess their net ecosystem exchange of $CO_2$ and net primary production, measurement of soil $CO_2$ efflux is required along with that of canopy $CO_2$ flux. In this paper, soil $CO_2$ flux measurement technique using closed dynamic chamber systems is briefly reviewed. Preliminary results on soil $CO_2$ exchange and inter-comparison of different measurement systems currently used in Korean regional network of tower flux measurement sites (KoFlux) are also reported.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2020

Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis equipment, which was previously used to prevent eutrophication in advance, is heavy, bulky, and expensive; therefore, so it is difficult to be carried and has been used as an experimental unit. In this study, a through-carbon analysis chip that integrates pretreatment through photocatalytic oxidation and carbon dioxide measurement using a pH indicator was investigated. Both the total carbon - inorganic carbon method and the nonpurgeable organic carbon (NPOC) measurement method require an acidification part for injecting an acid solution for inorganic carbon measurement and removal, an oxidation part for total carbon or NPOC oxidation and a measurement part for Carbon dioxide (CO₂) measurement. Among them, the measurement of oxidation and CO₂ requires physical technology. The proposed TOC analysis chip decomposed into CO₂ as a result of the oxidizing of organic carbon using a photocatalyst, and the pH indicator that was changed by the generated CO₂ was optically measured. Although the area of the sample of the oxidation part and the pH indicator of the measurement part were distinguished in an enclosed space, CO₂ was quantified by producing an oxidation part and a measurement part that shared the same air in one chip. The proposed TOC analysis chip is less expensive and smaller, cost and size are disadvantages of existing organic carbon analysis equipment, because it does not require a separate carrier gas to transport the CO₂ gas in the oxidation part to the measurement part.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2014

$CO_2$ emission factor for earthwork equipment was made based on fuel consumption quantity using IPCC carbon emission factor. This is presented through the carbon emission estimating guideline each facilities by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation in 2011. However, this method has the defect which don't apply the various condition of site. Therefor it needs the new emission factor supplemented these defects. This study will tries to estimate $CO_2$ emission with the direct measurement method using concentration flow velocity measurement (C-FVM) for earth work equipment and present the new $CO_2$ emission factor for earth work equipment after compare with emission factor of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

In order to monitor greenhouse gases including $CO_2$, various types of surface-, aircraft-, and satellite-based measurement projects have been conducted. These data help understand the variations of greenhouse gases and are used in atmospheric inverse modeling systems to simulate surface fluxes for greenhouse gases. CarbonTracker is a system for estimating surface $CO_2$ flux, using an atmospheric inverse modeling method, based on only surface observation data. Because of the insufficient surface observation data available for accurate estimation of the surface $CO_2$ flux, additional observations would be required. In this study, a system that assimilates aircraft $CO_2$ measurement data in CarbonTracker (CT2013B) is developed, and the estimated results from this data assimilation system are evaluated. The aircraft $CO_2$ measurement data used are obtained from the Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by the Airliner (CONTRAIL) project. The developed system includes the preprocessor of the raw observation data, the observation operator, and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation process. After preprocessing the raw data, the modeled value corresponding spatially and temporally to each observation is calculated using the observation operator. These modeled values and observations are then averaged in space and time, and used in the EnKF data assimilation process. The modeled values are much closer to the observations and show smaller biases and root-mean-square errors, after the assimilation of the aircraft $CO_2$ measurement data. This system could also be used to assimilate other aircraft $CO_2$ measurement data in CarbonTracker.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 2007

Firm which implement knowledge management initiatives have found interest in nurturing voluntary knowledge sharing organizations, called communities of practice(CoP). One of the fundamental problems for adopting or implementing CoP is how the firms can measure the performance of CoP. Despite interest in CoP by firms, empirical studies on CoP performance measurement are rare. Thus, this study intends to help the organizations by introducing CoP performance measurement framework based on the previous researches. The framework is further validated by comparing with the eight actual cases. Finally, we propose three propositions regarding the CoP performance measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.47-50
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• 2003

$CO_2$ concentration profile was measured to investigate whether $CO_2$ concentration at one level (i.e., eddy covariance measurement level) can be used to estimate storage term without significant uncertainty at broadleaf deciduous forest at Kwangneung experiment forest in Korea. Based on t-test with significance level of 5％, there was no statistical difference between storage term from one-level $CO_2$ concentration and one from $CO_2$ profile measurement. Storage term constitutes on average 5％ of half hourly net ecosystem exchange (NEE) even at unstable stability (i.e., well mixed condition), indicating that storage term should be considered even at daytime, which is sometimes neglected.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.315-316
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• 2014

Combustion gases emit various radiation signals by chemical reaction and excited molecules in combustion system. Since temperature measurement of combustion system is very difficult, non-contact temperature measuring methods are being researched. In this paper, we propose optical system of simple structure and implement technique for measuring temperature partially in furnace using radiation wavelength signals of high temperature $CO_2$ gas generated during combustion.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

Modification of the phase gradient formulation is proposed in order to make phase retrieval less susceptible to noise. The modified formulation is derived from separation of the phase terms and the intensity modulation terms of interferograms, and subsequent differentiation to reduce the noise-induced error of the phase gradient vector. Its performance is evaluated and compared to that of the conventional formulation, and noise-robust nature is confirmed.