• Title/Summary/Keyword: $C^*$-convergence

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The resign of Adaptive Walsh Equalizer via LMS Algorithm with the Optimal Convergence Factor (최적 수렴인자를 갖는 LMS에 의한 적응 월쉬 등화기 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Ahn, Doo-Soo;Kim, Jong-Boo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1991.11a
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    • pp.357-360
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    • 1991
  • In this paper, we have introduced a network and showed how this can be realised as an adaptive equalizer. The walsh equlizer is built from a set of Walsh-Block pulse functions and LMS algorithms with the optimal convergence factor(C.F.). The convergence and the adaptation speed of this algorithms depends on the proper choice of a design factor $\mu$ called the C.F.. Conventional adaptation techniques use the fixed time constant C.F. by the method of trial and error. In this paper, we propose to adaptive C.F. which are optimally tailored to adapt C.F. in real time so that their values are kept optimum for a new set of input variables.

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CA/C Ratio of Adults in Their Early Twenties with Normal Binocular Vision (양안시가 정상인 20대 초반 성인의 CA/C비)

  • Lee, Mu-Hyuk;Yu, Dong-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) ratio and to investigate relationships among age, accommodative amplitude and PD (interpupillary distance) of adults in their early twenties with normal binocular vision. Methods: 44 subjects (mean age, $21.75{\pm}1.16$ years) with healthy eyes were examined. The CA/C ratios were measured by using the difference of Gaussian (DOG) target with retinoscopy. Results: The mean CA/C ratio was $0.052{\pm}0.017$ D/$\Delta$. A moderate negative correction was present between CA/C ratio and age (r = -0.50, p = 0.0005), and a highly positive correction was found between CA/C ratio and accommodative amplitude (r = 0.79, p<0.0001). There was no relation between PD and CA/C ratio. Conclusions: The CA/C ratio presented was mean value for adults in their early twenties with healthy eye between 19 and 25 years of age. There was a high correlation between accommodative amplitude and CA/C ratio. Therefore, the CA/C ratio will be useful basic information for comparison in age, gender and binocular anomalies with similar data from other countries.

Quality Evaluation of Pork with Various Freezing and Thawing Methods

  • Ku, Su Kyung;Jeong, Ji Yun;Park, Jong Dae;Jeon, Ki Hong;Kim, Eun Mi;Kim, Young Boong
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.597-603
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    • 2014
  • In this study, the physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics due to the influence of various thawing methods on electro-magnetic and air blast frozen pork were examined. The packaged pork samples, which were frozen by air blast freezing at $-45^{\circ}C$ or electro-magnetic freezing at $-55^{\circ}C$, were thawed using 4 different methods: refrigeration ($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), room temperature (RT, $25^{\circ}C$), cold water ($15^{\circ}C$), and microwave (2450 MHz). Analyses were carried out to determine the drip and cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), moisture content and sensory evaluation. Frozen pork thawed in a microwave indicated relatively less thawing loss (0.63-1.24%) than the other thawing methods (0.68-1.38%). The cooking loss after electro-magnetic freezing indicated 37.4% by microwave thawing, compared with 32.9% by refrigeration, 36.5% by RT, and 37.2% by cold water in ham. The thawing of samples frozen by electro-magnetic freezing showed no significant differences between the methods used, while the moisture content was higher in belly thawed by microwave (62.0%) after electro-magnetic freezing than refrigeration (54.8%), RT (61.3%), and cold water (61.1%). The highest overall acceptability was shown for microwave thawing after electro-magnetic freezing but there were no significant differences compared to that of the other samples.

Development of Underground Displacement and Convergence Auto-Measuring Program for the Tunnel Using the Fiber Optic Sensor (광섬유 센서를 이용한 터널 지중 및 내공변위 자동계측 프로그램 개발)

  • Choi, Myong-Ho;Yoon, Ji-Son;Kwon, Oh-Duk;Kwon, Oh-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2005.03a
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    • pp.1361-1368
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, the theoretical method of measuring the tunnel convergence and underground displacement, the objective indices of assessing safety for tunnel construction, using the fiber optic sensor is studied by developing the program to automatically measure them. The model test of Con'c beam is conducted to evaluate reliability of the fiber optic sensor. Furthermore, using the RS232 communication protocol as well as Visual C# and Visual C++, the programming tools, the program was developed to detect automatically the measured value of the fiber optic sensor, calculate the tunnel convergence and underground displacement, predict the deformed shape of the tunnel, and evaluate loosening zone due to the tunnel excavation.

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A Fully Integrated CMOS Security-Enhanced Passive RFID Tag

  • Choi, Suna;Kim, Hyunseok;Lee, Sangyeon;Lee, Kangbok;Lee, Heyungsub
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.141-150
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    • 2014
  • A fully integrated CMOS security-enhanced passive (SEP) tag that compensates the security weakness of ISO/IEC 18000-6C is presented in this paper. For this purpose, we propose a security-enhanced protocol that provides mutual authentication between tag and reader. We show that the proposed protocol meets the security demands of the ongoing international standard for RFID secure systems, ISO/IEC 29167-6. This paper fabricates the SEP tag with a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and suggests the optimal operating frequency of the CMOS SEP tag to comply with ISO/IEC 18000-6C. Furthermore, we measure the SEP tag under a wireless environment. The measured results show that communications between the SEP tag and reader are successfully executed in both conventional passive and SEP modes, which follow ISO/IEC 18000-6C and the proposed security enhanced protocol, respectively. In particular, this paper shows that the SEP tag satisfies the timing link requirement specified in ISO/IEC 18000-6C.

Optical Properties of Middle Infrared Transparent ZnS Ceramics at Various Sintering Temperatures (소결온도에 의한 중적외선 투과용 ZnS 세라믹스의 광학적 특성)

  • Yeo, Seo-Yeong;Kwon, Tae-Hyeong;Kim, Chang-Il;Paik, Jong-Hoo
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 2018
  • Infrared transparent ZnS ceramics were synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis ($180^{\circ}C$, 70 h) and sintered using a hot press process at $750^{\circ}C-1000^{\circ}C$. We carried out x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy to confirm the optical properties of the ZnS ceramics after sintering at various temperatures. The phase of ZnS nanopowders was a single phase (cubic) without the hexagonal phase. However, as sintering temperature increased, the formation and increment of hexagonal structures was confirmed. The ZnS ceramic sintered at a temperature of $750^{\circ}C$ showed poor transmittance because it was not completely sintered and because of the pore effect. The ZnS ceramic with the highest transmittance (approximately 69%) was sintered at $800^{\circ}C$. As sintering temperature increased, transmittance gradually decreased owing to the increase in the formation of the hexagonal phase.

Synthesis of SnO2-Mn-C60 Nanocomposites and Their Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Organic Dyes

  • Li, Jiulong;Ko, Jeong Won;Ko, Weon Bae
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.287-294
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    • 2017
  • Nanocomposites based on $SnO_2-Mn$ were synthesized by the reaction of tin (II) chloride dihydrate and manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate at a molar ratio of 10:1 in the presence of ammonium hydroxide at $80^{\circ}C$. The $SnO_2-Mn$ nanocomposites were stirred with fullerene [$C_{60}$] in a mass ratio of 2:1 in tetrahydrofuran to prepare $SnO_2-Mn-C_{60}$ nanocomposites; these nanocomposites were obtained upon heating the mixture of $SnO_2-Mn$ nanocomposites and fullerene [$C_{60}$] in an electric furnace at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The synthesized $SnO_2-Mn-C_{60}$ nanocomposites were confirmed through various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the $SnO_2-Mn-C_{60}$ nanocomposites were demonstrated by the degradation of the organic dyes BG, MB, MO, and RhB under 254 nm irradiation and evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

A Note on Complete Convergence in $C_{0}(R)\;and\;L^{1}(R)$ with Application to Kernel Density Function Estimators ($C_0(R)$$L^1(R)$의 완전수렴(完全收斂)과 커널밀도함수(密度函數) 추정량(推定量)의 응용(應用)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Sung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 1992
  • Some results relating to $C_{0}(R)\;and\;L^{1}(R)$ spaces with application to kernel density estimators will be introduced. First, random elements in $C_{0}(R)\;and\;L^{1}(R)$ are discussed. Then, complete convergence limit theorems are given to show that these results can be used in establishing uniformly consistency and $L^{1}$ consistency.

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