• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.12-12
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• 2009

We weal know that PbO was poisonous and prone to volatilize, then to pollute the circumstance and hurt to people, so we should dope other innocuous additives instead of lead to increase Tc of composite PTC material. In order to prepare lead-free $BaTiO_3$-based PTC with middle Curie point, the incorporation on $(BaNaK)(TiNb)O_3$ into $BaTiO_3$-based ceramics was investigated on samples containing 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1mol% of $(BaNaK)(TiNb)O_3$. $(BaNaK)(TiNb)O_3$ was compounded as standby material by conventional solid-state reaction technique. The starting materials were $Na_2O_3$,$K_2CO_3$, $BaCO_3$, $TiO_2$ and $Nb_2O_5$ powder, and using solid-state reaction method, too. The microstructure of samples were investigated by SEM, DSC, XRD and dielectric properties. Phase composition and lattice parameters were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Also, we are measure the resistivity of sintered bodies with calcinations condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.426-429
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• 2001

The $BaTiO_{3}+xNb_{2}O_{5}$[x=6, 8, 10wt%] ceramics were prepared by conventional mixed oxide method. The structural properties of the $BaTiO_{3}+xNb_{2}O_{5}$ ceramics with the sintering temperature and addition of $Nb_{2}O_{5}$ were investigated by XRD and SEM. Increasing the sintering temperature, the $2{\Theta}$ value of BT (110) peak was shifted to the lower degree and intensity of the BN (310) peak was increased. Increasing the addition of $Nb_{2}O_{5}$, the intensity of BN (100) peak was decreased and BN (310), (110) peaks were increased. The grain size of the $BaTiO_{3}+xNb_{2}O_{5}$ ceramics sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ were almost uniform. In the $BaTiO_{3}+xNb_{2}O_{5}$ ceramics sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss were 5424, 0.02 respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2001

The BaTiO$_3$+xNb$_2$O$_{5}$[x=6,8 , 10wt%] ceramics were prepared by conventional mixed oxide method. The structural properties of the BaTiO$_3$+xNb$_2$O$_{5}$ ceramics with the sintering temperature and addition of Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ were investigated by XRD and SEM. Increasing the sintering temperature, the 2$\theta$ value of BT (110) peak was shifted to the lower degree and intensity of the BN (310) peak was increased. Increasing the addition of Nb$_2$O$_{5}$, the intensity of BN (100) Peak was decreased and BN (310), (110) peaks were increased. The grain size of the BaTiO$_3$+Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ ceramics sintered at 135$0^{\circ}C$ were almost uniform. In the BaTiO$_3$+Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ ceramics sintered at 135$0^{\circ}C$, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss were 5424, 0.02 respectively.espectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.196-198
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• 1994

The dielectric and electrical properties of $Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2\3})O_3-PbTiO_3-BaTiO_3$ have been investigated. Perovskite crystalline phase of the specimens are confirmed by XRD at $1270^{\circ}C$. The curie temperature is around $40^{\circ}C$ with the amount of $BaTiO_3$ and $PbTiO_3$. Every specimens shows the slim loop hysteresis curves which is electrostrictive characteristic. The strain vs. applied voltage characteristics exhibits nonlinear relationship, and the specimen of 0.85PMN-0.125PT-0.025BT shows the largest strain.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2009

To understand the formation of core-shell structure in $BaTiO_3$ (BT) grains in multilayer ceramic capacitors, specimens were prepared with BT powders mixed with Y and Mg, and their microstructures were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Microstructural investigation showed that Y dissolved easily in BT lattice to a certain depth inside of the grain, whereas Mg tended to stay at grain boundaries rather than become incorporated into BT. It was considered that in case of Y and Mg addition in a proper ratio, Y could play a dominant role in the formation of shell leading to a slight dissolution of Mg in the shell. Next, the effects of ball-milling conditions on the core-shell formation were studied. As the ball-milling time increased, the milled powders did not show a significant change in size distribution but rather an increase of residual strain, which was attributed to the milling damage. The increase in milling damage facilitated the shell formation, leading to the increased shell portion in the core-shell grain.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.244-251
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• 2005

The relationship between particle size of hydro-thermally synthesized barium titanate powders (BT01, BT02, BT03, BT04, BT05) and the powder properties was investigated by means of particle size, specific surface area, zeta potential, XPS, XRD and SEM. Particle size determined by laser light scattering is closely related with specific surface area and the tetragonality (c/a) obtained from XRD. The specific surface area of the samples inversely decreased with increasing particle size except BT03 powder. BT03 sample showed higher surface area than BT04 sample of equivalent particle size, which was attributed mostly to the agglomeration of particles in terms of SEM image and XRD analysis. Zeta potential increased with increasing particle size with the exception of BT02 and BT03 which showed larger minus value of zeta potential in comparison with other BT powders. Beta potential results of BT02 and BT03 are considered to be related with the dissolution of $Ba^{2+}$ ion in these powers which was examined by XPS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.33-34
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• 2008

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is one of the most important dielectric materials for the electronic devices, such as MLCC (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor). The thickness of the dielectric thin film in MLCC has become thinner and reached about 0.8 ${\mu}m$. Further down sizing is required for the higher performance. For this reason, we should take into account for the size effect of Barium titanate powders. In this study, we demonstrated that size effect for BaTiO3 (0.2 ~ 0.5 ${\mu}m$, hydrothermal BT) could be estimates by using dielectric properties analysis together with the powder properties.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2018

Grain-growth behavior in the $95Na_{1/2}Bi_{1/2}TiO_3-5BaTiO_3$ (mole fraction, NBT-5BT) system has been investigated with the addition of $Na_2CO_3$. When $Na_2CO_3$ is added to NBT-5BT, the growth rate is higher than desired and grains are already impinging each other during the initial stage of sintering. The grain size decreases as the sintering temperature increases. With the addition of $Na_2CO_3$, a liquid phase infiltrates the interfaces between grains during sintering. The interface structure can be changed to be more faceted and the interface migration rate can increase due to fast material transport through the liquid phase. As the sintering temperature increases, the impingement of abnormal grains increases because the number of abnormal grains increases. Therefore, the average grain size of abnormal grains can be decreased as the temperature increases. The phenomenon can provide evidence that grain coarsening in NBT-5BT with addition of $Na_2CO_3$ is governed by the growth of facet planes, which would occur via mixed control.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2009

In an approach to acclimate ourselves torecent ecological consciousness trend, a lead-free piezoelectric material, bismuth sodium titanate (abbreviated as BNT) based bismuth sodium barium titanate (abbreviated as BNT-BT), was considered as an environment-friendly alternative for a lead based piezoelectric system. Ceramic specimens of0.94[(BixNa0.5)TiO3]-0.06[BaTiO3] (x = 0.500~0.515) compositions were prepared by a modified mixed oxide method. To increase the chemical homogeneity andre action activity, high energy mechanical milling machine and pre-milled nanosized powder has been used. In this method (BixNa0.5)TiO3 (x=0.500~0.515) andBaTiO3 were prepared separately from pre-milled constituent materials at low calcination temperature and then separately prepared BNTX (X=1, 2, 3 and 4) and BT were mixed by high energy mechanical milling machine. Without further calcination step the mixed powders were pressed into disk shape and sintered at $1110^{\circ}C$. Microstructures, phase structures and electrical properties of the ceramic specimens were systematically investigated. Highly dense ceramic specimens with homogenous grains were prepared in spite of relatively low sintering temperature. Phase structures were not significantly influenced by the excess amount Bi. Large variation on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties was detected at relative high excess Bi amounts. When $x{\leq}0.505$, the specimens exhibit insignificant variation in piezoelectric and dielectric constant though depolarization temperature is found to be decreased. Considerable amount of decrease in piezoelectric and dielectric properties are observed with higher excess of Bi amounts ($x{\geq}0.505$). This research indicates the advantages of high energy mechanical milling and importance of proper maintenance of Bi stoichiometry.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1017-1022
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• 2002

$(Ba_{1-x}Ca_x)(Ti_{1-y}Zr_y)O_3(BCTZ)$ powders for the Ni-electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor(MLCC) were synthesized via hydrothermal treatment using mixed aqueous solutions of $BaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O,\Ca(NO_3)2{\cdot}4H_2O,\ ZrOCl_2{\cdot}8H_2O$ and $TiCl_4$. Two component and three component systems were also extensively studied for basic data. BT, CT and BZ powders were crystalline but CZ was determined to be amorphous under the same synthetic condition. In BTZ system, Zr and Ti were completely soluble and Ca would be substituted for Ba up to ∼6 mol% in BCT. The submicron-sized $(Ba_{0.95}Ca_{0.05})(Ti_{0.80}Zr_{0.20})O_3$ powder of the target composition was successfully synthesized at $150{\circ}$ for 12h.