• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.579-591
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• 2006

In this paper we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for an analytic function f on the unit ball B with Hadamard gaps, that is, for $f(z)\;=\;{\sum}^{\infty}_{k=1}\;P_{nk}(z)$ (the homogeneous polynomial expansion of f) satisfying $n_{k+1}/n_{k}{\ge}{\lambda}>1$ for all $k\;{\in}\;N$, to belong to the weighted Bergman space $$A^p_{\alpha}(B)\;=\;\{f{\mid}{\int}_{B}{\mid}f(z){\mid}^{p}(1-{\mid}z{\mid}^2)^{\alpha}dV(z) < {\infty},\;f{\in}H(B)\}$$. We find a growth estimate for the integral mean $$\({\int}_{{\partial}B}{\mid}f(r{\zeta}){\mid}^pd{\sigma}({\zeta})\)^{1/p}$$, and an estimate for the point evaluations in this class of functions. Similar results on the mixed norm space $H_{p,q,{\alpha}$(B) and weighted Bergman space on polydisc $A^p_{^{\to}_{\alpha}}(U^n)$ are also given.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2010

Effects of heavy metal ions on the gene expression of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) were examined in cultured eel hepatocytes. When the expression of CYP1A mRNA was measured by RT-PCR after incubation of eel hepatocytes with benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene (B[$\alpha$]P) at concentrations of 10-8~10-5 M, the CYP1A expression increased with B[$\alpha$]P treatment in a dose dependent manner, showing significant increase at concentrations more than 10-7 M. When the eel hepatocyte was treated with cadmium (10-6 and 10-5 M), the expression of CYP1A was inhibited and especially at higher concentration (10-5 M). The inhibition of CYP1A expression by cadmium was also observed in cells treated with B[$\alpha$]P. In another study, effects of heavy metal ions on the expression of CYP1A were examined in cultured hepatocytes isolated from eel which was treated previously with B[$\alpha$]P in vivo. Hepatocytes isolated from the liver of eel taken at 48 hours after injection of B[$\alpha$]P (10 mg/kg) were cultured for 2 days with cadmium, copper, lead or zinc (10-6 and 10-5 M). The expression of CYP1A was found to be suppressed by the metal ions compared with the control in which CYP1A was induced with previous treatment of B[$\alpha$]P in vivo. The present results may provide an important basic information for studying the effects of heavy metal ions on CYP1A expression in other species of fish and studying toxicological mechanisms of heavy metal ions in aquatic livings.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 2012

We consider forced second order differential equation with $p$-Laplacian and nonlinearities given by a Riemann-Stieltjes integrals in the form of $$(p(t){\phi}_{\gamma}(x^{\prime}(t)))^{\prime}+q_0(t){\phi}_{\gamma}(x(t))+{\int}^b_0q(t,s){\phi}_{{\alpha}(s)}(x(t))d{\zeta}(s)=e(t)$$, where ${\phi}_{\alpha}(u):={\mid}u{\mid}^{\alpha}\;sgn\;u$, ${\gamma}$, $b{\in}(0,{\infty})$, ${\alpha}{\in}C[0,b)$ is strictly increasing such that $0{\leq}{\alpha}(0)<{\gamma}<{\alpha}(b-)$, $p$, $q_0$, $e{\in}C([t_0,{\infty}),{\mathbb{R}})$ with $p(t)>0$ on $[t_0,{\infty})$, $q{\in}C([0,{\infty}){\times}[0,b))$, and ${\zeta}:[0,b){\rightarrow}{\mathbb{R}}$ is nondecreasing. Interval oscillation criteria of the El-Sayed type and the Kong type are obtained. These criteria are further extended to equations with deviating arguments. As special cases, our work generalizes, unifies, and improves many existing results in the literature.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.114-118
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• 2009

Bioemulsifiers are those chemicals which are produced from microorganisms but which have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitor ($\alpha$-GI) produced from Bacillus lentimorbus B-6 (B-6) showed bioemulsifying activity. But $\beta$-glucosidase inhibitor produced from B-6 didn't show emulsifying activity. $\alpha$-GI was purified from supernatant of B-6 grown in minimal culture medium containing glucose and sodium glutamate by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography and isolated from $\beta$-GI by dialysis against water. Toluene was determined as the best substrate for emulsifying activity of $\alpha$-GI. $\alpha$-GI showed thermostability at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, high salt tolerance up to 32% NaCl and wide range of pH-stability at pH $4\sim10$. Emulsifying character of $\alpha$-GI can be useful for the liposome formation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 1997

Inductive effects of cytochrome P450 2B1 by $\alpha$- and $\beta$-ionone were characterized in individual liver lobes of male Sprague Dawley rats. When rats were administered ionones orally at 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 24 hr, cytochrome P450 2B1 was induced dose-dependently in liver S-9 fractions as measured by P450 2B-specific monooxygenases and Western immunoblotting. The activity of P450 1A- and P450 2B-specific monooxygenases was differentially expressed in each lobe of normal liver. In addition, the monooxygenase activity was induced by $\alpha$- and $\beta$-ionone with different potency in each lobe of the liver. Our present results indicate that the different induction of P450s by $\alpha$- and $\beta$-ionone in each lobe may explain different susceptibilities of rat liver lobes to certain hepatotoxicants which require metabolic activation for their toxicity and that $\alpha$- and $\beta$-ionone may be useful model inducers of P450 2B1 in studying the toxic mechanism of certain toxicants which may require the metabolic activation by P450.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.569-573
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves extract on liver damage in benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P)-treated mice. Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves methanol extract was intra-peritoneally injected once daily for 5 successive days, followed by treatment with B($\alpha$)p. The elevated activities of serum aminotransferase and hepatic cytochrome P450 by B($\alpha$)p were decreased by pretreatment with Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves extract. Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde content and depletion of glutathione content induced by B($\alpha$)P. In addition, the increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase after B($\alpha$)P-treatment were decreased. On the other hand, glutathione S-transferase activity was increased by pretreatment with Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves extract. These results suggest that Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves extract have a protective effect on liver damage by B($\alpha$)P through the mechanisms of decreasing lipid peroxide and activities of free radical generating enzymes.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2011

Nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) is a nuclear transcription factor that modulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$. trans-10, cis-12 (t10c12)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) participates in the inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ production upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation. However, in our previous study, t10c12-CLA enhanced the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ by LPS-unstimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. To resolve this apparent contradiction, we hypothesized that the effect of t10c12-CLA on TNF-${\alpha}$ production depends on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation induced by LPS stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the in vitro effect of t10c12-CLA on TNF-${\alpha}$ production and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 activity in LPS-stimulated and LPS-unstimulated porcine PBMCs. t10c12-CLA treatment resulted in increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production by LPS-unstimulated PBMCs but decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ production by LPS-stimulated PBMCs. t10c12-CLA increased the degradation of inhibitory ${\kappa}B$ ($I{\kappa}B$)-${\alpha}$ protein and activated NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 in LPS-unstimulated PBMCs, but had the opposite effect in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. Notably, t10c12-CLA enhanced NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 binding activity in LPS-unstimulated PBMCs exposed to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor. Conversely, it inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 binding activity in LPS-stimulated PBMCs exposed to CAPE. These results suggest that t10c12-CLA may have different actions under different physiological conditions, and that its effect may be associated with a change in NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.911-927
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• 2019

Let $\mathscr{B}^{{\eta},{\mu}}_{p,n}\;({\alpha});\;({\eta},{\mu}{\in}{\mathbb{R}},\;n,\;p{\in}{\mathbb{N}})$ denote all functions f class in the unit disk ${\mathbb{U}}$ as $f(z)=z^p+\sum_{k=n+p}^{\infty}a_kz^k$ which satisfy: $$\|\[{\frac{f^{\prime}(z)}{pz^{p-1}}}\]^{\eta}\;\[\frac{z^p}{f(z)}\]^{\mu}-1\| <1-{\frac{\alpha}{p}};\;(z{\in}{\mathbb{U}},\;0{\leq}{\alpha}<p)$$. And $\mathscr{M}^{{\eta},{\mu}}_{p,n}\;({\alpha})$ indicates all meromorphic functions h in the punctured unit disk $\mathbb{U}^*$ as $h(z)=z^{-p}+\sum_{k=n-p}^{\infty}b_kz^k$ which satisfy: $$\|\[{\frac{h^{\prime}(z)}{-pz^{-p-1}}}\]^{\eta}\;\[\frac{1}{z^ph(z)}\]^{\mu}-1\|<1-{\frac{\alpha}{p}};\;(z{\in}{\mathbb{U}},\;0{\leq}{\alpha}<p)$$. In this paper several sufficient conditions for some classes of functions are investigated. The authors apply Jack's Lemma, to obtain this conditions. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for strongly starlike and convex p-valent functions of order ${\gamma}$ and type ${\beta}$, are also considered.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2007

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL-17), produced by keratinocytes, is a CC chemokine known to selectively Th2 type T cells via $CCR4^+$ and is implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). TARC/CCL17 expression was induced by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$). We recently found that the wogonin, a flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, suppressed TARC expression via heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) in human keratinocytes induced with mite antigen. However, little is known about the inhibitory mechanism of wogonin on TARC/CCL-17 expression stimulated with cytokines. To investigate the inhibitory mechanism, I determined the inhibitory effects of wogonin on the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, and also examined the activation of p38 MAP kainase in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$. Wogonin inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex, NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity, and the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ in a dose dependent manner. Wogonin also inhibited the translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus. Moreover, the phosphorylation of of p38 MAP kinase in the TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes were suppressed by wogonin in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that wogonin may inhibit cytokine-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation by $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation via suppression of p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway in keratinocytes and modulation of wogonin signaling pathway may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.975-979
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• 2006

The extracts of Oenanthe javanica were evaluated for their effects on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is mediated by the translocation of the p65 subunit into the nucleus. Fractions of ethyl acetate and chloroform from 80% ethanol extracts of O. javanica exhibited inhibitory effects on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages; however, the aqueous- and hexane-fractions showed no significant effect. The ethyl acetate- and chloroform-fractions also reduced the COX-2 enzyme levels after 24-hr treatment. RT-PCR showed that the mRNA levels of COX-2 decreased following treatment with these fractions, suggesting that COX-2 expression is transcriptionally regulated by these extracts. We examined the effects of the chloroform- and ethyl acetate-fractions on the cytosolic activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$, p65 subunit) and on the degradation of inhibitor-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) in order to determine the mechanism of COX-2 regulation. The LPS-stimulated activation of the p65 subunit was significantly blocked upon the addition of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ of these fractions, and the cytosolic $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation process was simultaneously inhibited. These findings suggest that the inhibition of COX-2 expression by the ethyl acetate-and chloroform-fractions may result from the inhibition of p65 translocation by blocking the degradation of $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$; this may be the mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory effects of O. javanica.