• 제목/요약/키워드: $Al_2O_3$-CuO-ZnO

검색결과 161건 처리시간 0.031초

(Ga,Al)이 도핑된 ZnO를 투명전극으로 가진 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 태양전지에 수분이 미치는 영향 (Effect of Moisture on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell with (Ga,Al) Co-doped ZnO as Window Layer)

  • 양소현;배진아;송유진;전찬욱
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2017
  • We fabricated two different transparent conducting oxide thin films of ZnO doped with Ga ($Ga_2O_3$ 0.9 wt%) as well as Al ($Al_2O_3$ 2.1 wt%) (GAZO) and ZnO doped only with Al ($Al_2O_3$ 3 wt%) (AZO). It was investigated how it affects the moisture resistance of the transparent electrode. In addition, $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ thin film solar cells with two transparent oxides as front electrodes were fabricated, and the correlation between humidity resistance of transparent electrodes and device performance of solar cells was examined. When both transparent electrodes were exposed to high temperature distilled water, they showed a rapid increase in sheet resistance and a decrease in the fill factor of the solar cell. However, AZO showed a drastic decrease in efficiency at the beginning of exposure, while GAZO showed that the deterioration of efficiency occurred over a long period of time and that the long term moisture resistance of GAZO was better.

고압 WGS 반응을 위한 Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 촉매상에서 기-액 계면 촉매 반응 특성 연구 (Catalytic Activity Tests in Gas-Liquid Interface over Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst for High Pressure Water-Gas-Shift Reaction)

  • 김세훈;박노국;이태진
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.905-912
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    • 2011
  • In this study, the novel concept catalytic reactor was designed for water-gas shift reaction (WGS) under high pressure. The novel concept catalytic reactor was composed of an autoclave, the catalyst, and liquid water. Cu-ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ as the low temperature shift catalyst was used for WGS reaction. WGS in the novel concept catalytic reactor was carried out at the ranges of 150~$250^{\circ}C$ and 30~50 atm. The liquid water was filled at the bottom of the autoclave catalytic reactor and the catalyst of pellet type was located at the gas-liquid water interface. It was concluded that WGS reaction occurred over the surface of catalysts partially wetted with liquid water. The conversion of CO for WGS was also controlled with changing content of Cu and ZnO used as the catalytic active components. Meanwhile, the catalyst of honey comb type coated with Cu-ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ was used in order to increase the contact area between wet-surface of catalyst and the reactants of gas phase. It was confirmed from these experiments that $H_2$/CO ratio of the simulated coal gas increased from 0.5 to 0.8 by WGS at gas-liquid water interface over the wet surface of honey comb type catalyst at $250^{\circ}C$ and 50 atm.

Mg 첨가에 따른 수성가스전이반응용 Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 촉매의 활성 연구 (Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst by Mg Addition for Water Gas Shift Reaction)

  • 박지혜;백정훈;황라현;이광복
    • 청정기술
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.429-434
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    • 2017
  • 저온 수성가스전이반응에서 $Cu/ZnO/MgO/Al_2O_3$ (CZMA) 촉매의 마그네슘의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 Cu/Zn/Mg/Al의 비율을 45/45/5/5 mol%로 공침법을 사용하여 제조하였다. 제조된 촉매들은 BET, $N_2O$ 화학흡착, XRD, $H_2-TPR$ and $NH_3-TPD$를 사용하여 분석되었다. 촉매 활성 테스트는 GHSV $28,000h^{-1}$와 온도 범위 $200{\sim}320^{\circ}C$에서 수행되었다. 동일한 조건에서 마그네슘이 첨가된 촉매(CZMA 400)는 가장 낮은 환원 온도를 나타내며 활성종인 $Cu^+$가 안정적으로 존재하고 또한 많은 약산점을 보유하였다. 또한 마그네슘이 첨가된 촉매(CZMA)는 마그네슘이 첨가되지 않은 촉매(CZA)와 비교하였을 때 240 이상의 높은 온도에서 촉매 활성이 증가하였다. CZMA 400 촉매는 최적의 촉매로서 $240^{\circ}C$, GHSV $28,000h^{-1}$에서 75 h 동안 활성의 저하없이 평균 CO 전환율 77.59%를 나타내었다.

마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 제조된 ZnO/Cu/Al2O3 투명 면상 발열체 연구 (ZnO/Cu/Al2O3 transparent heaters fabricated by magnetron sputtering)

  • 민창흠;최두호
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제55권5호
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    • pp.284-291
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    • 2022
  • Herein, we studied ultrathin Cu-layer-based transparent heaters embedded between a ZnO underlayer and an Al2O3 overlayer. The anti-reflecting functions for the ZnO and Al2O3 layers by independently varying the layer thicknesses, with the Cu layer thickness fixed at 8.5 nm. The smallest visible light transmittance of 11.1% was achieved when the overlayer and underlayer thicknesses were 90 and 30 nm, respectively. We conducted electrically driven Joule heating test for the Cu layers having thicknesses of 8.5 nm (Rs: 14.7 Ohm/sq.) and 19 nm (Rs: 3.4 Ohm/sq.). External voltages were increased with an interval of 2 V until irreversible failures occurred at temperatures of ~390 ℃ and 550 ℃, respectively. At each voltage increase before heater failures, the heater exhibited superior thermal response with the heater temperatures reaching over 90% of the final temperatures. The heaters also showed excellent reproducibility when turning on and off the heater repeatedly.

질소 정제 시스템의 산소 제거용 구리계 촉매 연구 (A Study on Cu-based Catalysts for Oxygen Removal in Nitrogen Purification System)

  • 오승교;성민준;전종기
    • 청정기술
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2021
  • Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED) 봉지 공정은 수분과 산소에 매우 취약하기 때문에, 수분과 산소의 함량이 최소화된 고순도의 질소를 사용하여야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 AMOLED 봉지 공정에 사용하는 질소에서 산소를 제거하기 위한 용도로 사용되는 구리계 촉매를 최적화하는 것이다. CuO, Al2O3, 또는 ZnO의 조성으로 이루어진 2성분계 및 3성분계 촉매를 공침법을 통해서 제조하였다. 제조된 촉매들을 BET, XRD, TPR, XRF의 분석장비를 활용하여 촉매의 특성을 분석하였다. 촉매의 산소 제거 성능을 확인하기 위해 고정층 반응기에서 촉매 산소 제거 반응 실험을 수행하고 산소 분석기를 통해 산소 함량을 측정하였다. 또한 사용된 촉매의 반복 재생을 통해 촉매의 재사용 성능을 검증하였다. CuO와 Al2O3 비율이 6 : 4, 7 : 3 및 8:2로 제조된 2 성분계 촉매의 특성과 산소 제거 능력을 비교하였다. CuO와 Al2O3의 비율이 8:2인 촉매의 환원성이 가장 높았는데, 이는 CuO의 분산도가 가장 높기 때문이다. 결과적으로, 2성분계 촉매 중에서 CuO와 Al2O3의 비율이 8 : 2 인 촉매의 산소 제거 능력이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. CuO : Al2O3 의 비율이 8:2인 촉매에 ZnO를 2 wt% 넣어준 촉매가 3성분계 촉매 중에는 가장 우수한 산소제거 능력을 보였으며, 이는 뛰어난 환원성에 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 또한 이 촉매는 재생 실험을 통해서도 산소 제거능력이 유지된다는 것을 확인하였다.

CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 상업용 촉매에서의 메탄올 부분산화반응 (Methanol Partial Oxidation over Commercial CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalysts)

  • 임미숙;서숭혁;하기룡;안원술
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2002
  • The methanol partial oxidation using commercial $CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3$ catalysts in a plug flow reactor was studied in the temperature range of $200{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ at atmospheric pressure, It was achieved the high activities by Cu-based catalysts and the selectivity of $CO_2$/$H_2$ was 100% when $O_2$ was fully convened. The reactivity changes and their hysteresis with increasing/decreasing temperatures were observed due to the chemical state differences between the oxidation and the reduction on the Cu surface, It was suggested as the two-step reaction: the complete oxidation and the following steam reforming for methanol, which was indicated by the distributions of final products vs. the residence time. In addition, the complete oxidation step was shown to be extremely fast and the total reaction rate can be controlled by the steam reforming reaction.

석유코크스 활용 블루수소생산을 위한 Water Gas Shift 촉매의 조업조건에 따른 반응특성 (Reaction Characteristics of Water Gas Shift Catalysts in Various Operation Conditions of Blue Hydrogen Production Using Petroleum Cokes)

  • 박지혜;홍민우;이광복
    • 청정기술
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2022
  • 미활용 저급자원인 석유코크스를 대상으로 고순도의 수소 생산을 위한 수성가스전이반응에 적용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 Cu/ZnO/MgO/Al2O3 (CZMA) 촉매를 공침법을 사용하여 제조하였다. 제조된 촉매는 BET, H2-TPR을 사용하여 분석되었다. 촉매의 반응성 테스트는 고농도의 CO를 포함하는 합성가스로부터 단일 Low Temperature Shift 반응을 거치는 경우와 High Temperature Shift 반응을 거친 후 스팀의 응축 없이 즉시 LTS 반응을 거치는 두 가지의 경우를 비교 및 분석하였다. 두 조건에서 steam/CO 비, 유량 및 유속, 온도에 따른 반응특성을 확인하였다. 전환된 저농도의 CO와 스팀이 응축 없이 LTS로 즉시 주입되는 경우 많은 양의 스팀이 존재함에도 불구하고 대부분의 조건에서 다소 낮은 CO 전환율을 나타냈다. 또한 steam/CO비, 온도 및 유속에 대한 영향이 크게 나타나 최적의 조업조건을 결정하기에 추가적인 분석이 요구되었다. 반면, 고농도의 CO 기체를 포함하는 조건에서는 탄소침적 또는 촉매의 활성 저하가 나타나지 않았으며 대부분의 조건에서 높은 CO 전환율을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 Cu/ZnO/MgO/Al2O3 촉매를 적용하여 고농도의 CO를 포함하는 합성가스 조성에서 적절한 조업조건을 적용시키면 단일 LTS 반응을 적용해도 고농도의 CO를 CO2로 충분히 전환 가능함을 확인하였다.

입도분포에 따른 하상퇴적물의 지구화학적 분산 및 부화 (Geochemical Dispersion and Enrichment of Fluvial Sediments Depending on the Particla Size Distribution)

  • 이현구
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.247-260
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    • 1999
  • Geochermical characteristics of the fluvial sediments deprnding on particle size distribution size were investigated in the respect of majir, minor and rare eath element chemisitry. Ratios of $Al_{2}O_{3}/Na_{2}O$ and $K_{2}O/Na_{2}O$ of the sediments show the homogeneous valus, and partly positive correlation with $SiO_{2}/Al_{2}O_{3}$, respecively. Characteristics of minor element ratios (V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co and Zr/Hf)are within the lower and narrow range. Thesesuggested that sediment sources may be acidic to intermediate granitic rock, and may be explained by simple weathering and sedimentation. With increasing SiO2 contents, concentrations of $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, CaO and MgO decreased, but those of $K_{2}O$ and $Na_{2}O$ increased, Concentrations of Ba, Be, Cs, Cu, Li, Ni, Sr, V and Zr show comparatively normal negative and some positive trends. Compared with the mean composition of granite, concentrations of $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, MnO, CaO and MgO in the sediments of the study area were highly enriced. Among some minor and rare earth elements, concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and V were enriched, but those of Be, Ce, Rb, Sc, Sr and Zn were depleted when compared with average composition of granite. By decreasing of particle size fractions, SiO2, Rb and Sr conterts decreased, but concentrations of $Al_{2}O_{3}$, $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, CaO, MgO, $TiO_{2}$, MgO, $P_{2}O_{5}$, Be, Cu, Hf, Pb, V and Zr increased. From the correlations between particle size fractions and element concenreations, some elements of $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, CaO, MgO, $P_{2}O_{5}$, Cu, Ni, Zn and Zr showed typical trends in the secondary contramination sediments. These trends are typically shown under 100 mesh fractions. It indicates that the fraction of minus 100 mesh is the optimum size fraction for geochemical and environmental survey.

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Protective Metal Oxide Coatings on Zinc-sulfide-based Phosphors and their Cathodoluminescence Properties

  • Oh, Sung-Il;Lee, Hyo-Sung;Kim, Kwang-Bok;Kang, Jun-Gill
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권12호
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    • pp.3723-3729
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    • 2010
  • We investigated the high-excitation voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) performance of blue light-emitting (ZnS:Ag,Al,Cl) and green light-emitting (ZnS:Cu,Al) phosphors coated with metal oxides ($SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, and MgO). Hydrolysis of the metal oxide precursors tetraethoxysilane, aluminum isopropoxide, and magnesium nitrate, with subsequent heat annealing at $400^{\circ}C$, produced $SiO_2$ nanoparticles, an $Al_2O_3$ thin film, and MgO scale-type film, respectively, on the surface of the phosphors. Effects of the phosphor surface coatings on CL intensities and aging behavior of the phosphors were assessed using an accelerating voltage of 12 kV. The MgO thick film coverage exhibited less reduction in initial CL intensity and was most effective in improving aging degradation. Phosphors treated with a low concentration of magnesium nitrate maintained their initial CL intensities without aging degradation for 2000 s. In contrast, the $SiO_2$ and the $Al_2O_3$ coverages were ineffective in improving aging degradation.