• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1996

The present study investigated the effect of treatment with nocodazole on the efficiency of cell cycle synchronization and development of mouse 4-cefl embryos. In addition, developmental ability of reconstituted embryos that received nuclei from 4-cell embryos synchronized with nocodazole at M phase was examined in vitro and in vivo. (1) When 4-cell blastorneres exposed to culture medium containing l$\mu$g /ml nocodazole for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs, 40% (40/10l), 75% (l19/159), 85% (87/102) and 97% (155/160) of nuclei were synchronized at M phase, respectively. (2) Treated with nocodazole for 4 hrs, the proportion of 4-cell embryos developed to blastocysts (98%, 60/61) was not significanUy different from that of the control embryos (98%, 196/201). However, the developmental ability of 4-cell embryos treated for 8 (87%, P<0.05)and 12 hrs (76%, P

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2000

The general pharmacological properties of YJA20379-1 2-dimethylamino-4,5-dihydrothiazolo[4,5:3,4]pyridol[1,2-a]benzoimidazole, a novel proton pump inhibitor with antiulcer activities were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. YJA20379-2 at oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg did not affect the general behaviour, hexobarbital hypnosis and motor coordination in mice. The drug did not have analgesic or anticonvulsant action at 200 mg/kg. Locomotor activity and body temperature were not influenced at 100 mg/kg. At a concentration up to 2{\times}10^{-4} g/ml$, YJA20379-2 did not produce any contraction or relaxation of isolated preparations, such as the rat fundus, the guinea pig ileum and the rat uterus, and did not antagonize the contractile response to several spasmogens, such as histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and oxytocin. At dosages up to 200 mg/kg p.o. YJA20379-2 did not affect the pupil size of mice. Intestinal propulsion of mice was not affected up to 200 mg/kg p.o. and the drug did not affect urinary excretion at 100 mg/kg p.o. These results indicate that at dosages up to 100 gm/kg p.o. YJA20379-2 was found not to affect this pharmacological profile. However, at 200 mg/kg the drug lowered body temperature and showed decreased in locomotor activity and urine volume.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.135-150
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• 1974

A study on the importance of fifty selected nursing activities that classified into four categories of patient care (physical care. psychological aspects of care, observing, reporting and implementing medical care, care for admission and discharge) was carried out from september 25 to October 10, 1973 toward 300 hospitalized patients and 300 professional nurses in four university hospitals in Seoul. The results were obtained as follows The importance score in order on four categories of nursing activities were seen as follows : 1. in physical care activities patients noted; moderately important 35.0% extremely important 20.5% very important 19.3% slightly important 18.6% not at all important 6.6% nurses noted: moderately important 41.5% very important 29.4% extremely important 23.5% slightly important 6.2% not at all important 3.4% 2. in activities involving psychological aspects of care patients noted: moderately important 33.4% very important 25.2% extremely important 23.2% slightly important 14.3% not at all important 3.9% nurses noted: moderately important 42.3% very important 34.8% extremely important 16.0% slightly important 6.2% not at all important 0.7% 3. in activities involving observing, reporting, and implementing medical care patients noted ; extremely important 35.9% moderately important 28.0% very important 26.0% slightly important 8.4% not at all important 1.7% nurses noted : extremely important 38.1% very important 31.8% moderately important 26.1% slightly important 3.6% not at all important 0.4% 4. in activities preparing for admission and discharge patients noted: moderately important 35.8% extremely important 24.5% very important 23.5% extremely important 12.5% not at all important 3.7% nurses noted: moderately important 47.6% very important 33.1% extremely important 12.5% slightly important 6.0% not at all important 0.8%

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of application of urea and combination of urea and pig manure compost (PMC) on the occurrence of and the recovery from ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$) toxicity in Chinese cabbage. To identify $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity of the crop four levels of urea at 0, 160, 320, and $480kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were applied, in addition, three levels of PMC at 10, 20, and $40M/T\;ha^{-1}$ was also applied with urea $320kg\;ha^{-1}$. For recovery $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity, six levels of sucrose were treated at the amount of 0, 600, 1,200, 1,800, 2,400, and $3,000kg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ at each level of combining treatments of urea and PMC. Our results showed that $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity was occurred at every urea application of $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ regardless of PMC applied to the soils because $NH_4{^+}$ contents in the soils were more than $155mg\;kg^{-1}$ which was found to be the critical level to damage crop growth at 2 days after transplanting (DAT) in this experiment, the more sucrose was applied up to $1,800kg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for the plants damaged by ammonium toxicity occurred at $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, the greater extents recover the plants from the toxicity. PMC showed the similar effect with sucrose on recovering Chinese cabbage plants from $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity at 30 DAT.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find the suitable root-ball size for the planting construction of landscape trees. Surveyed trees for this study were Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Prunus yedoensis, and the root-ball size was classified into 3D, 4D, 5D, and 6D(D meaning the diameter at the base of a tree). Visual ratings on a scale of 1 to 9 were used as a means for measuring the regrowth strength after planting tested trees. Test trees with 3, 4, 5 and 6D root-ball size were planted on March. 16, 2002 and visual ratings were measured up to April. 30, 2003. Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Prunus yedoensis started showing a difference in regrowth by each rootball size a month after planting. The regrowth quality of Cercidiphyllum japonicum was low at 3D, medium at 4∼5D and high at 6D root-ball size, while the regrowth quality of Prunus yedoensis was low at 3∼4D and medium-high at 5∼6D root-ball size. According to the above results, a root-ball size for good regrowth quality was a little bit different between Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Prunus yedoensis. 4D of Cercidiphyllum japonicum and 5D of Prunus yedoensis could be guidelines for root-ball diameters at the base of trees when planting. However, we concluded that 4D∼5D root-ball is the optimum guideline for regrowth when adapting this guideline to all landscape trees with 8∼l0cm diameter at the base.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1993

페로몬 트랩을 이용하여 파밤나방 성충의 발생 소장을 조사한 결과 1990년 충남 예산에서의 발생 최성기는 7월 중하순, 8월 중순, 9월 하순, 11월 중순이었다. 1991년 충남 아산에서 발생 최성기는 7월 하순, 8월 하순~9월 중순, 11월 중순이었다. 1990년 3년 동안 수원에서 조산한 결과 해가 경과함에 따라 발생량이 증가하였다. 1991년 충남 아산의 파 포장에서 유충의 경시적 밀도를 조사한 결과 4회의 발생 피크가 있었고 최고 밀도에 도달한 9월 중순까지 점진적으로 증가하였고 그 후 급격히 감소 하였다. 수원 지역에서 산란 최초일이 5월18일이 될 경우 년 4세대 발생이 가능하며 제 1세대는 48일, 제 2세대는 25일, 제3세대는 23일, 제4세대는 58일이 소요되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2009

This work was conducted to investigate the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) on estradiol (E2) 2-and 4-hydroxylase activities in the liver, kidney and lung tissues of male and female rats. After intraperitoneal administration of BPA to male and female rats for 4 days at 0, 10, and 50 mg/kg, the conversion of the substrate for hepatic and extra-hepatic enzyme activities was measured by GC/MSD. The result showed decreases of body and organ weights at 50 mg/kg BPA of male and female rats. Male hepatic E2 2-hydroxylase activity was inhibited by 68% at 10 mg/kg and by 82% at 50 mg/kg BPA. Female hepatic E2 2-hydroxylase activity was decreased by 46% at 10 mg/kg and by 56% at 50 mg/kg to the control. E2 4-hydroxylase was inhibited by 57 and 57% at 10 mg/kg and 54 and 78% at 50 mg/kg in liver of female and male, respectively. The urinary excretion rate of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE), androsterone and testosterone in urine of female rats with 50 mg/kg BPA were decreased significantly. The results showed that 50 mg/kg BPA was decreased E2 2-and 4-hydroxylase activities in liver, but not in other tissues. The urinary excretion rates of 2-OHE, androsterone and testosterone were also decreased. In liver, estrogenic enzyme activity were higher in male than female. These results suggest that BPA can disrupt estrogen metabolism by suppressing E2 2-and 4-hydroxylase activities in the liver of male and female rats.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2021

갑상샘 섭취율 측정을 위해 과산화테크네슘을 사용하고 있다. 대퇴부의 배후방사능 측정 시 무릎에서 골반 쪽으로 10 cm 위의 위치에서 검출기와 대퇴부의 거리를 20 cm, 25 cm 위치에서 병원들마다 서로 다른 거리에서 측정하고 있다. 두 거리에서 갑상샘 섭취율 측정을 정량 분석하여 갑상샘 섭취율을 구함에 있어서 유효성의 차이를 연구 하고자 하였다. 결과로써 50명의 대퇴부 20 cm에서 측정한 평균 갑상샘 섭취율은 3.532±4.312%로 나타났으며 25 cm에서 측정한 평균 갑상샘 섭취율은 3.680±4.304%로 나타났다. 갑상샘 섭취율 검사 결과를 통하여 20 cm 거리에서 측정된 대퇴부의 배후방사능 값이 상대적으로 25 cm 거리에서 측정된 배후방사능 값 보다 높게 측정되어 결과적으로 갑상샘 섭취율이 0.148% 낮게 나왔으며 배후방사능 측정을 위한 일정한 거리에서의 측정이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1989

인삼근에 있어서 신아의 휴면타파 및 맹아과과에 대한 생리기구 해명을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 일년생근의 저온처리 및 맹아과정중 ABA 함량 및 GA활성의 변화를 처리단계별로 조사하여 휴면 및 맹아와의 관계를 실험하였다. 1. 4$^{\circ}C$ 처리후 15$^{\circ}C$ 처리에서의 맹아률은 30일 처리에서 35%, 60일 이상 처리에서 100%이었으나 4$^{\circ}C$나 15$^{\circ}C$에서 연속처리한 경우에는 전혀 맹아하지 않았다. 맹아시 및 50% 맹아일수는 저온처리기간이 길어 질수록 저온처리후부터의 일수가 짧아졌으며, 매아시부터 50% 맹아까지의 일수도 단축되었다. 2. 두부를 포함한 근상부에서의 ABA함량은 4$^{\circ}C$나 15$^{\circ}C$에서 모두 처리기간이 경과함에 따라 점차 증가하였으며 그 증가정도는 15$^{\circ}C$에서 높았다. 근하부에서의 ABA함량은 처리기간중 15$^{\circ}C$에서 미미한 증가를 보였으나 4$^{\circ}C$에서는 거의 변화가 없었다. 또, 4$^{\circ}C$에서 60일처리후 15$^{\circ}C$의 처리기간중 ABA함량은 근상부에서는 크게 증가하였으나 근하부에서는 오히려 다소 감소하였다. 3. 근상부에서의 GA활성은 4$^{\circ}C$나 15$^{\circ}C$에서 모두 점차 계속 감소하였는데, 그 감소정도는 15$^{\circ}C$에서 컸다. 근하부에서의 GA활성은 근상부 및 근하부에서 모두 크게 증가하였는데, 특히, 15$^{\circ}C$처리기간중에는 근의 부위에 관계없이 Rf치가 낮은 쪽에서는 증가하였으나 높은 쪽에서는 상대적으로 감소하였다. 4. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 인삼근에 있어서 신아의 휴면타파 및 맹아는 ABA와는 별로 관계가 없고 온도숙건에 지배되어 나타나는 GA의 생합성 능력과 그 생합성에 의한 활성증가와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.552-558
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• 2000

LiMn2O4 thin fiolm cathodes for Li-ion secondary battery were fabricated by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique. As-deposited films were amorphous. A spinel structure could not be obtained LiMn2O4 films by in-situ thermal annealing. After post thermal annealing over $700^{\circ}C$ in oxygen atmosphere, LiMn2O4 films prepared above 100 W r.f. power could be crystallized into a spinel structure. The electrochemical property of the LiMn2O4 film cathodes was tested in a Li/1 M LiClO4 in PC/LiMn2O4 cell. From cyclic voltammetry at scan rate of 2mV/sec of 2.5~4.5V, LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by post annealing at 75$0^{\circ}C$ showed good initial capacity. LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by post annealing at 80$0^{\circ}C$ showed the best crycling performance.