• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2011

A bisdesmosidic cholestane glycoside was isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum and the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and acid hydrolysis as (22S)-cholest-5-ene-$1{\beta}$,$3{\beta}$,$16{\beta}$,22-tetrol 1-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl 16-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside. This compound exhibited weak cytotoxic activity with the $IC_{50}$ value, $63.6\;{\mu}M$ in human MCF-7 breast cancer line, whereas it failed to show agonistic activity at $100{\mu}M$ in TGR5 assay with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This is the first report of a bisdesmosidic cholestane glycoside from Polygonatum species and the full assignments of $^1H$, $^{13}C$ NMR by HMBC, TOCSY and NOESY experiments were provided.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.733-740
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the factors of communication ability according to self-awareness and other-awareness in some dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 260 dental hygiene students in Gwangju and Jeonnam from June 14 to 28, 2016. After explanation of the purpose of the study, an informed consent was written by the students. The effect size was calculated by $G^*power$ 3.1 program. The study instruments comprised the general characteristics of the subjects, self-awareness, other-awareness, and communication ability. Data were analyzed by independent test, one way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, stewise multiple regression test, and Pearson's correlation test using SPSS 18.0. Results: Communication ability had a significant positive correlation with self-awareness(r=0.427, p<0.001) and other-awareness (r=0.460, p<0.001). The higher level of self-awareness and other-awareness was proportional to communication ability. The influencing factors of communication ability included private self-awareness(${\beta}=0.227$), public self-awareness(${\beta}=0.170$), social anxiety(${\beta}=0.182$), and external other-awareness(${\beta}=0.282$). Conclusions: To improve the communication ability in the dental hygiene students, it is important to improve self-awareness and other-awareness. The implementation of communication skill in the curriculum will enhance the dental hygiene students competency.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.12 s.271
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• pp.921-928
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• 2004

Calcium phosphate powders have been prepared by using $Ca(OH)_2\;and\;H_{3}PO_4$ solution under various conditions such as pH, calcination temperature, and reaction time. ${\beta}-TCP({\beta}-tricalcium phosphate)$and HAp(hydroxyapatite) were synthesized at pH=5.21 and pH > 7.62, respectively. From XRD results, $Ca(OH)_2\;and\;H_{3}PO_4$ solution reacted quickly to form HAp, which was structurally stable up to 16h. Calcination temperature having good crystallinity is revealed to be at $1200^{\circ}C$. SEM analysis showed that ${\beta}-TCP$ and HAp with needle type were synthesized at pH 5.21 and pH 7.62, respectively. However, at pH 9.16, tiny and homogeneous HAp having sphere was prepared and rearranged to show needle morphology. HAp synthesized at pH 9.16 was utilized as bonechina body and calcined. The sample was analyzed its crystallinity, water absorbtion, color, and shape to check physical properties.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 내인성 성호르몬이 자궁근종의 성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 연구대상 및 방법: 폐경전 자궁근종 환자 27명과 같은 연령대의 정상여성 25명을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 대상군의 여성에서 24시간 소변을 모아서 소변내 estrogen, androgen의 대사체들을 GC-MS를 이용하여 측정하였으며 두 군에서의 차이를 비교분석 하였다. 결 과: 소변내 $17{\beta}$-estradiol, 5-androstene-$3{\beta}$, $16{\beta}$, $17{\beta}$-triol, 11-keto-ethiocholanolone, $11{\beta}$-hydroxy-androsterone, THS, THA, THE, a-cortolone, a-cortol 및 $\beta$-cortol가 환자군에서 의의있게 증가하였으며 $17{\beta}$estradiol/estrone 및 $11{\beta}$-hydroxy-ethiocholanolone/$11{\beta}$-hydroxy-androsterone도 환자군에서 의의있게 증가하였다. 결 론: 자궁근종의 성장은 요중 estrogen과 androgen의 농도와 밀접한 관련이 있으며 이는 환자의 스테로이드 호르몬 대사 감소에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.856-859
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• 2007

We have investigated the antimetastatic and antitumor effects of Ginsenoside Rh2 and ${\beta}-glucan$ unsing an experimental metastatic mouse model intravenously injected with B 16 melanoma F 10 cells. Animal groups are divided into six groups according to the dosage of drug administration and the kind of drugs. The groups are control, ${\beta}-glucan$ with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, Geinsenoside Rh2 50 mg/kg, and ${\beta}-glucan$ 50 mg/kg + Ginsenoside Rh2 50 mg/kg. Oral administration of various concentration of ${\beta}-glucan$( 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were reduced the lung- metastatics induced by metastatic B16 melanoma F 10 cells injection with a dose dependent manner in the syngenic mice. At same dosage group, Ginsenoside Rh2 (50 mg/kg) has more antimetastatic effect than the ${\beta}-glucan$(50 mg/kg). The highest antimetastatic effects was observed in the ${\beta}-glucan$ 50 mg/kg + Ginsenoside Rh2 50 mg/kg group and has a similar tendency in the anti-tumor effects, including decrease of the average tumor weight and increase of the average survival rate. There are no differences of the average tumor weights were apparent in the ${\beta}-glucan$ groups, however there were little decrease of the average tumor weight in Ginsenoside 50 mg/kg group and ${\beta}-glucan$ 50 mg/kg + Ginsenoside Rh2 50 mg/kg group than that of the control group. The rate of average survival rate in the ${\beta}-glucan$ 50 mg/kg + Ginsenoside Rh2 50 mg/kg group, ${\beta}-glucan$ 200 mg/kg, ${\beta}-glucan$ 100 mg/kg and ${\beta}-glucan$ 50 mg/kg, and Ginsenoside 50 mg/kg groups were highly in order. These data suggest that antimetastatic and antitumor effect of combination of Ginsenodide Rh2 and ${\beta}-glucan$ be the highest in this study.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among drinking motives, acculturative stress and problem drinking, and then to identify the influencing factors of problem drinking in foreign workers. A total of 120 foreign workers recruited from two shipyards in G city. Self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted from October to December, 2016. As a result, a rate of problem drinking in foreign workers was 39.2%. According to the multiple regression analysis, their problem drinking was significantly influenced by social motives (${\beta}=.368$ p=.003) and conformity motives (${\beta}=.337$ p=.005) as a subscale of drinking motives and homesickness (${\beta}=-.197$, p=.009) as a subscale of acculturative stress, explained 39.5% of the total variance (F=26.849, p=.000). Based on our results, an education program using drinking motives, acculturative stress should be developed to prevent problem drinking in foreign workers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

This paper described the ultimate strength and deformation limit of welded T-joints in cold-formed square hollow sections. Previous studies showed that the strength of a T-joint still increases with increasing deformations at a ratio of branch width to chord width (${\beta}$) of below 0.8. Therefore, the strength at a certain deformation (chord flange indentation) limit can be regarded as the ultimate strength of a T-joint. The chord flange failure modes were investigated for the ratio of branch width to chord width (${\beta}$) and the ratio of chord width to chord web thickness (B/T). Experimental results including tests done by Kato proposed a deformation limit of 3%B for $16.7{\leq}B/T{\leq}41.6$ and $0.27{\leq}{\beta}{\leq}0.8$. The strength formula of CIDECT and other researchers were compared with the test results. Finally, the strength formula based on yield-line theory was proposed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5625-5633
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• 2015

Background: ${\beta}$-catenin plays a crucial role in the progression of breast cancer (BC) and a prognostic role of in BC patients has been widely reported. However, controversy still remains. Materials and Methods: Identical search strategies were used to search relevant literature in electronic databases updated to July 1, 2014. Individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled HRs with 95%CIs were used to evaluate the strength of association between positive ${\beta}$-catenin expression in different subcellular locations and survival results of BC patients. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Funnel plots of Begg's and Egger's linear regression test were used to investigate publication bias. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were also assessed. All the work was completed using STATA. Results: A total of 2,204 patients from 12 evaluative studies were finally included. Pooled HRs and 95%CIs suggested that ${\beta}$-catenin expression in cytoplasm/nucleus had an unfavorable impact on both overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.40-2.65) and disease free survival (DFS)/ recurrent free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.20-2.13) in BC patients. However, here was no significant association between ${\beta}$-catenin expression in the membranes with OS (HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.42-1.02) or DFS/RFS (HR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.38-1.13). Publication bias was absent in all of the four outcomes. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. Conclusions: Positive ${\beta}$-catenin expression in cytoplasm/nucleus rather than in membrane is a significant prognostic factor in patients with BC who have been surgically treated.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ethical values and ethical sensitivity on character in junior and senior nursing students. A total of 356 surveys were analyzed using SPSS version 20. T-test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. The results of the study showed that the main factors influencing character was patient oriented care in ethical sensitivity (${\beta}=0.258$), followed by nurse-colleague relationship among ethical values (${\beta}=0.153$), religion (${\beta}=0.131$), professional responsibility in the ethical sensitivities (${\beta}=0.101$), and the above variables accounted for 43.3% of character (F=44.960, p<.001). This study confirmed that ethical values and ethical sensitivity are important variables affecting character and convergence course integrating above factors needs to be provided for nursing students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1023-1031
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the related factors of learning ethics of dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 278 dental hygiene students in G metropolitan city from June 9 to July 29, 2016. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, percentage and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. The questionnaire comprised learning ethics (10 items), condition of learning ethics (10 items), reason of plagiarism (8 items), intellectual property right consciousness (8 items), internet ethics consciousness (20 items), individual ethics consciousness (2 items). Results: Condition of learning ethics was higher in mosaic plagiarism (33.9%). The main reason of plagiarism was higher in lack of time (52.7%). Related factors with the intellectual property right consciousness was use of reference (${\beta}=0.424$), internet expectancy (${\beta}=0.228$) and parental rearing attitude (${\beta}=0.229$) (Adjusted $R^2=0.336$). Related factors with the internet ethics consciousness were parental rearing attitude (${\beta}=-0.241$), academic achievements (${\beta}=0.420$), internet expectancy (${\beta}=-0.368$) and grade (${\beta}=-0.154$)(Adjusted $R^2=0.390$). Related factor with the individual ethics consciousness was academic achievements (${\beta}=0.445$) (Adjusted $R^2=0.192$). Conclusions: To increase the learning ethics and preventing plagiarism, it is necessary to have essential understanding and practice to make the liberal arts education and extracurricular program of institutions.