• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2713-2725
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• 2015

Because a variety of factors affects children in the development process in order to act practice of life safety behaviors aggressively, this study examined the relationships among academic stress, self-esteem and practice of life safety behaviors of school-age children. Data was collected through a self reported structured questionnaire from 510 Korean school-age children using convenient sampling methods from April 1 to 30, 2013. Stepwise multiple regression revealed the Help of safety education (${\beta}=.254$, p<.001), academic stress (${\beta}=-.222$, p<.001), grade(${\beta}=.201$, p<.001), gender(${\beta}=-.180$, p<.001) to be significant predictors of practice of life safety behaviors of school-age children. These variables accounted for 23.9% of practice of life safety behaviors. Therefore, to facilitate the practice life safety behaviors in school-age children, academic stress needs to be decreased by efficient management and intervention.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2022

The monomer and dimer structures of the amyloid fragment Aβ(1-16) sequence formed in H₂O were investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS). Aβ16 monomers and dimers were indicated by signals representing multiple proton adduct forms, [monomer+zH]ⁿ⁺ (=M^z+, z = charge state) and [dimer+zH]^z+ (=D^z+), in the MS spectrum. Fragment ions of monomers and dimers were observed using collision-induced dissociation MS/MS. Peptide bond dissociation was mostly observed in the D1-D7 and V11-K16 regions of the MS/MS spectra for the monomer (or dimer), regardless of the monomer (or dimer) charge state. Both covalent and non-covalent bond dissociation processes were indicated by the MS/MS results for the dimers. During the non-covalent bond dissociation process, the D³⁺ dimer complex was separated into two components: the M¹⁺ and M²⁺ subunits. During the covalent bond dissociation of the D³⁺ dimer complex, the b and y fragment ions attached to the monomer, (M+b_10-15)^z+ and (M+y_9-15)^z+, were thought to originate from the dissociation of the M²⁺ monomer component of the (M¹⁺+M²⁺) complex. Two different D³⁺ complex geometries exist; two distinguished interaction geometries resulting from interactions between the M¹⁺ monomer and two different regions of M²⁺ (the N-terminus and C-terminus) are proposed. Intricate fragmentation patterns were observed in the MS/MS spectrum of the D⁵⁺ complex. The complicated nature of the MS/MS spectrum is attributable to the coexistence of two D⁵⁺ configurations, (M¹⁺+M⁴⁺) and (M²⁺M³⁺), in the Aβ16 solution.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2001

This study was carried out to know whether $\beta$-galactosidase is directly important or not on fruit softening during the development of peach fruits compared to those in the stage stage. It was investigated that the flesh firmness, cell wall components, and the glycosidase activities of the peach fruits with a fast softening cultivar, 'Mibeakdo', a slow softening cultivar,'Yumyung'and a middle softening cultivar, 'Okubo$\beta$, at different developmental stages, on 13 May, 16 June, 16 July, and 5 August and on 28 August which harvested only 'Yumyung' fruits. In order to investigate the amounts of total sugar and non-cellulosic neutral sugar, the cell wall materials of each fruit were solubilized in distilled water, 0.05M CDTA, 0.05M Na$_2$CO$_3$, 4% KOH, and 24% KOH sequentially. During the fruit development, the fruit firmness of three cultivars decreased and the fruit firmness of 'Yumyung' was higher than that fo 'Mibeakdo' and 'Okubo' in the overall period. During the fruit development, the changes of total sugar amounts of each measured fractions were similar among peach cultivars. Arabinose and galactose were the predominant non-cellulosic neutral sugars in all the fractions including cell wall material of the three cultivars. There was an active relationship between the changes of flesh firmness in three cultivars and the mol % changes of rhamnose on 5 August which was the harvest date of 'Mibeakdo' and 'Okubo' fruits. The activity of soluble $\beta$-galactosidase was high at the early developmental stage and then dropped to a very low activity level in all cultivars. The activity of cell wall-bound $\beta$-galactosidase was high at the early developmental stage and then decreased continuously through the harvest date. In addition the changes of other glycosidase activities were similar among cultivars.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1993

Four titerpenoids were isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, the structures of these compounds have been elucidated to be hederagenin(1), hederagenin $3-O-\alpha-L-$arabinoside(2). $3-O-\alpha-$L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin $2B-O-\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl ester(3) and hederagenin $28-O-\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl ester(4). The new glycoside, 4, was named dipsacus saponin A.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.725-732
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of oral health behavior and oral health awareness of university students by assessing oral health practice. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 500 university students in Jeonbuk from June 2 to 15, 2014. Except ten incomplete answers, 490 data were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, subjective oral health status (8 items), oral health knowledge (18 items), and oral health practice (22 items) by Likert 5 point scale. Results: Oral health behavior had a significant effect on smoking status (${\beta}=-0.200$, p<0.001), oral health knowledge (${\beta}=-0.235$, p<0.001), dietary control practice (${\beta}=-0.123$, p<0.05), and daily toothbrushing frequency (${\beta}=-0.240$, p<0.001). With respect to factors influencing oral health knowledge, significant effect was found in oral health behavior (${\beta}=0.258$, p<0.001), dietary control awareness (${\beta}=0.208$, p<0.001), and dietary control practice (${\beta}=-0.136$, p<0.05). Conclusions: Oral health knowledge of university students is an important factor to cause a change in the behavior of oral health practice. Consequently, oral health education is essential to university students. In order to help improve the oral health, more customized and organized oral health programs will be necessary and it will encourage changes in university students oral health practices.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3429-3434
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• 2015

Background: This study analyzed predictors of regular mammography performance in Korea. In addition, we determined factors affecting regular mammography performance in life-transition aged women by applying an attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy (ASE) model. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from women aged over 40 years residing in province J in Korea. The 178 enrolled subjects provided informed voluntary consent prior to completing a structural questionnaire. Results: The overall regular mammography performance rate of the subjects was 41.6%. Older age, city residency, high income and part-time job were associated with a high regular mammography performance. Among women who had undergone more breast self-examinations (BSE) or more doctors' physical examinations (PE), there were higher regular mammography performance rates. All three ASE model factors were significantly associated with regular mammography performance. Women with a high level of positive ASE values had a significantly high regular mammography performance rate. Within the ASE model, self-efficacy and social influence were particularly important. Logistic regression analysis explained 34.7% of regular mammography performance and PE experience (${\beta}=4.645$, p=.003), part-time job (${\beta}=4.010$, p=.050), self-efficacy (${\beta}=1.820$, p=.026) and social influence (${\beta}=1.509$, p=.038) were significant factors. Conclusions: Promotional strategies that could improve self-efficacy, reinforce social influence and reduce geographical, time and financial barriers are needed to increase the regular mammography performance rate in life-transition aged.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1065-1069
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• 2009

Of 143 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from Korean non-tertiary hospitals, 24 (16.8%) showed an extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-positive phenotype. PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of TEM-116 (n=13), CTX-M-3 (n=5), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-15 (n=3), and SHV-12 (n=16). Each of the 24 isolates encoded more than one ${\beta}$-lactamase, and seven isolates (29%) harbored two different SHV-type ${\beta}$-lactamase genes ($bla_{SHV-11}$ and $bla_{SHV-12}$) bounded by insertion sequence IS26 in a single transferable plasmid.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3973-3981
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• 2015

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-glucan obtained from bacterial fermentation on the adiposity and serum lipids level in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats fed high fat diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity, and subsequently fed with 0% (high fat control group), 0.1% or 0.5% ${\beta}$-glucan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 5 weeks. For comparison, normal control groups fed AIN-76A diet. Supplemented with 0.1% ${\beta}$-glucan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat induced peritoneal fat and visceral fat development by 16%, 19%, and 28%, respectively(P<0.05). Serum free fatty acid levels were reduced(by 19%), whereas the HDL cholesterol level was increased(by 50%) by 0.1% dietary ${\beta}$-glucan(P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary ${\beta}$-glucan reduced adiposity and improved serum lipids in obese rats fed high fat diet. The present study suggest that ${\beta}$-glucan supplementation to the diet is beneficial in suppressing diet-induced obesity and dyslipidemia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8596-8607
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• 2015

This study was aimed to compare and investigate the difference of academic self-concept and social self-concept between multicultural children and general children. The data were collected from a total of 285 multicultural children and 223 general children in elementary school, during three months from February 20, 2014 to May 20, 2014. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and enter multiple regression with the SPSS 23.0 program. Multicultural children showed lower scores in academic and social self-concept, parents attachment, social support, and school life adaptation than general children. And their mental health level was lower than the general children. The study results were that academic self-concept of multicultural children was influenced by learning activity (${\beta}$=.298), social maladaptation (${\beta}$=-.218), communication (${\beta}$=-.196), and confidence (${\beta}$=.167), which explained for 42.4% of academic self-concept. Social self-concept of multicultural children was influenced by support from friend (${\beta}$=.285), peer relation(${\beta}$=.187), social maladaptation (${\beta}$=-.172), and depression (${\beta}$=-.139). which explained for 46.3% of social self-concept. Since the influence factors of academic and social self-concept of general children and multicultural children have a great power of explanation, they can be used for the intervention program enhancing self-concept for school aged children.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

Recently, there is much abnormal traffic driven by several worms, such as Nimda, Code Red, SQL Stammer, and so on, making badly severe damage to networks. Meanwhile, diverse prevention schemes for defeating abnormal traffic have been studied in the academic and commercial worlds. In this paper, we present the structure of a stepwise intrusion prevention system that is designed with the feature of putting limitation on the network bandwidth of each network traffic and dropping abnormal traffic, and then compare the proposed scheme with a pre-existing scheme, which is a True/False based an anomaly prevention scheme for several worm-patterns. There are two criteria for comparison of the schemes, which are Normal Traffic Rate (NTR) and False Positive Rate (FPR). Assuming that the abnormal traffic rate of a specific network is $\beta$ during a predefined time window, it is known that the average NTR of our stepwise intrusion prevention scheme increases by the factor of (1+$\beta$)/2 than that of True/False based anomaly prevention scheme and the average FPR of our scheme decrease by the factor of (1+$\beta$)/2.