• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

겨울철 사육조건이 양식산 뱀장어 Anguilla japonica의 인위적인 성성숙 유도 및 번식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 봄철 salmon pituitary extracts(SPE)을 이용하여 성성숙 유도 예정인 양식산 암컷 뱀장어 친어를 8주의 겨울철 사육기간 동안, 4개의 사육환경(해수저온, $10^{\circ}C$; 해수고온, $20^{\circ}C$; 담수저온, $10^{\circ}C$; 담수고온, $20^{\circ}C$)에 각각 순치하여 사육하였다. 그 후 각각의 실험구의 뱀장어를 해수 $20^{\circ}C$로 이동하여 SPE를 매주 1회 8주 동안 복강 주사하였다. 그 결과, 생식소증량지수(GSI)와 성호르몬(E2)의 농도가 해수 실험구에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 해수저온 실험구에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈었다. 번식률 또한 해수저온 실험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 겨울철 사육환경이 봄철의 성성숙 유도에 효과적인 것으로 추측되며, 양식산 뱀장어의 성성숙 유도와 부화율 향상을 위한 기초자료로 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1983

Dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate (DDVP) 분자를 정량적으로 이해하기 위한 시도의 일환으로 분자궤도함수를 계산하여 구성 원자의 알짜 전하, 결합차수, 원자 궤도계수, 에너지 성분 분석 및 형태 둥의 결과로 부터 분자의 안정성과 반응성을 검토하였다. 또한 DDVP분자의 가수분해 반응 메카니즘을 제안하기 위하여 가수분해 반응 생성물을 분석한 결과 주 생성물은 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate와 dimethylphosphate임을 재확인하여 염기성 용액중에서의 가수분해 반응속도와 pH에 대한 변화로 부터 유도된 반응 속도식은 다음과 같다. ${\therefore}\;k_{obs}=k_{OH}[OH-]{\cdot}kw/[H_3O^+]$ $=2.10{\times}10^{-11}/[H_3O^*]$ 이상과 같은 사실로 부터 DDVP분자의 가수분해 반응 메카니즘은 다음과 같이 설명된다. 즉, 단일 결합성인 $C_2({\alpha})-O_3$를 회전축으로 나타낸 가장 안정한 형태는 staggered conformation $({\mu}=4.90debye)$이였으며, 전하의 분리가 크게 이루워진 $C_1({\beta})=C_2({\alpha})$결합의 양하전이 큰 평면상의 $C_2({\alpha})$원자에 강한 친핵체인 OH-이온이 수직으로 첨가하여 파이-반결합궤도$({\pi}^*)$를 가지는 $C_2({\alpha})-O_3$의 단일결합이 불균형 분해하여 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde와 dimethylphosphate를 생성하는 일련의 복잡한 전형적인 Michael형의 친핵성 첨가반응 매카니즘을 제안하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 제4회 영호남학술대회 논문집
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• pp.84-91
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• 2002

The stochiometric composition of $AgGaS_2$/GaAs polycrystal source materials for the $AgGaS_2$/GaAs epilayer was prepared from horizontal furnace. From the extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns it was found that the polycrystal $AgGaS_2$/GaAs has tetragonal structure of which lattice constant an and Co were 5.756 $\AA$ and 10.305 $\AA$, respectively. $AgGaS_2$/GaAs epilayer was deposited on throughly etched GaAs(100) substrate from mixed crystal $AgGaS_2$/GaAs by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were $590^{\circ}C$ and $440^{\circ}C$ respectively. The crystallinity of the grown $AgGaS_2$/GaAs epilayer was investigated by the DCRC (double crystal X-ray diffraction rocking curve). The optical energy gaps were found to be 2.61 eV for $AgGaS_2$/GaAs epilayer at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the photocurrent peak energy is well explained by the Varshni equation, then the constants in the Varshni equation are given by $\alpha=8.695{\times}10^{-4}$ eV/K, and $\beta=332K$. From the photocurrent spectra by illumination of polarized light of the $AgGaS_2$/GaAs epilayer, we have found that crystal field splitting ${\Delta}Cr$ was 0.28 eV at 20 K. From the PL spectra at 20 K, the peaks corresponding to free and bound excitons and a broad emission band due to D-A pairs are identified. The binding energy of the free excitons are determined to be 0.2676 eV and 0.2430 eV and the dissociation energy of the bound excitons to be 0.4695 eV.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2007

This paper reports the amount of $^{222}Rn$ and $^{238}U$ in 18 sites of ground water and 30 sites of surface water. The instrument used to count $^{222}Rn$ activity was the liquid scintillation counter (LSC) which could resolute ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ radiations. And $^{238}U$ was analyzed by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Radon and Uranium were not detected in raw and treated water which were sampled in a water treatment plant. However, radon ($^{222}Rn$) was high concentration in ground water from Jeon-la, Gang-won. So was uranium ($^{238}U$) in case of ground water from Gang-won, Choong-chung. Radon ($^{222}Rn$) activities were detected less than 15 pCi/L at 5 sampling points, 15~300 pCi/L at 7 sampling points, 300~4000 pCi/L at 6 sampling points. However, Radon ($^{222}Rn$) activities of all ground water samples were less than 4,000 pCi/L, which was bellow American Alternative Maximum Contamination Level (AMCL). Uranium ($^{238}U$) concentrations were less than $0.1{\mu}g/L$ at 5 sampling points, from $0.1{\mu}g/L$ to $20{\mu}g/L$ at 13 sampling points. Uranium was not detected in about 30% of the whole samples, but the concentration ranged from relatively low to high concentrations depending on the sampling point. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) of radon was 15 pCi/L. and the detection limit of uranium was $0.1{\mu}g/L$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1998

The bioequivalence of two clarithromvcin products was evaluated with 16 normal male volunteers (age 23-28 yr, body weight 57.5-75.517g) following single oral dose. Test product was ReYon Clarithromycin tablets (ReYon Pharm. Corp., Korea) and reference product was Klarici $d_{R}$ tablets (Abbott Korea). Both products contain 250 mg of clarithromucin. One tablet of the test or the reference product was administered to the volunteers, respectively, by randomized two period cross-over study (2$\times$2 Latin square method). The determination of clarithromycin was accomplished using a modified agar well diffusion bioassay. As a result of the assay validation, the quantification of clarithromycin in human serum by this technique was possible down to 0.03$\mu$g/ml using 100$\mu$l of serum. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) was less than 10%. Average drug concentrations at each sampling time and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were not significantly different between two products P>0.05); the area under the curve to last sampling time (24 hr) (AU $Co_{24hr}$ (8.10$\pm$ 1.26 vs 8.22$\pm$ 1.627g . hr/ml), AUC from time zero to infinite (AU $Co_{\infty}$) (8.61 $\pm$ 1.28 vs 8.84$\pm$ 1.71 $\mu$g . hr/ml), maximum plasma concentration ( $C_{msx}$) (0.87$\pm$0.22 vs 0.88$\pm$0.19 $\mu$g/ml) and time to maximum plasma concentration ( $T_{max}$) (2.69 $\pm$0.48 vs 2.56$\pm$ 0.51 hr). The differences of mean AU $Co_{24h}$, $C_{msx}$ and $T_{msx}$ between the two products (1.44, 1.39, and 4.65%, respectively) were less than 20%. The power (1-$\beta$) and treatment difference ($\Delta$) for AU $Co_{24hr}$, and $C_{max}$ were more than 0.8 and less than 0.2, respectivly. Although the power for $T_{max}$ was under 0.8, $T_{max}$. of the two products was not significantly different each other (p>0.05). These results suggest that the bioavailability of ReYon Clarithromycin tablets is not significantly different from that of Klarici $d_{R}$ tablets. Therefore, two products are bioequivalent based on the current results. results.sults.sults.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

들기름 및 미강유를 베이스로 개발한 혼합 식용유는 오메가-3 지방산인 리놀렌산 함량이 약 20% 정도로 매우 높다. 이는 기존의 일반 식용유 중 오메가-3 지방 함량이 매우 높은 콩기름과 카놀라유의 리놀렌산 함량이 각각 6% 및 10% 내외인 점을 감안하면, 이들 식용유에 비하여 새로 들기름과 미강유를 혼합한 식용유는 2~3배 높은 비율로 오메가-3 지방산을 제공할 수 있어서, 오메가-3 지방산 섭취가 부족한 현대인의 식단에서 중요한 오메가-3 지방산 급원으로서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. 뿐만 아니라, 토코페롤 함량도 약 46.77 mg/100 g oil 정도인데, 가장 주목할 일은 토코페롤 동족류 중 비타민 E의 활성이 가장 강한 알파-토코페롤(31.71 mg/100 g oil)이 가장 많이 존재하여, 총 토코페롤의 64%를 차지하고 있어서 비타민 E로서의 기능이 높다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량을 낮추는 기능성이 알려진 파이토스테롤 함량이 들기름과 미강유를 혼합한 식용유에 약 7,200 ppm 함유되어 있어, 일반적인 식용유의 3,000 ppm의 약 2.3배에 달한다. 본 연구에서 개발한 들기름과 미강유를 혼합한 식용유는 일반적인 식용유인 콩기름과 거의 유사한 산화안정성을 갖는 것으로 확인되어, 일반 들기름에 비하여 현저히 높은 산화안정성이 확보되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1995

Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipids were determined along with anthropometric measurements in 174 healthy male subjects with mean age of 50.3$\pm$6.8 years from Taegu area in Korea. Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip(W/H) ratio of the subjects were 23.18$\pm$2.46 and 0.88$\pm$0.04, respectively and their systolic and distolic blood pressures were 127.8$\pm$15.5 and 83.9$\pm$10.8mmHg. Twenty one percent of the subject had BMI over 25. Average seum levels of total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 187.7$\pm$34.9, 117.6$\pm$33.5, 41.1$\pm$9.0 and 140.7$\pm$83.6mg/dl, respectively. Sixteen percent of the subject had LDL-chole-sterol over 130mg/dl. Serum level of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of the subject was 2.01$\pm$0.77 MDA nmoles/ml and those of $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol. ascorbic acid and sum of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-carotene were 9.59$\pm$3.11$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.15$\pm$ 0.38$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 10.5$\pm$3.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 64.6$\pm$43.$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, respectively. About 14% of the sujects had low vitamin E status of less than 7.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml,. while 6% had low vitamin C status of less than 4.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, Serum vitamin E showed positive correlations with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, but no correlation with TBARS. Fatty acids of serum total lipid were composed of 42.9% as saturnted. 19.3% as monounsaturated and 36.7% polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). N-6 and n-3 PUFA were 27.7% and 8.3% of total fatty acids. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratios were negatively correlated both with serum total cholesterol and TBARS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2011

Oxidative stress leads to the induction of cellular oxidative damage, which may cause adverse modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. The production of reactive species during oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidant defenses can neutralize reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant status and the degree of DNA damage in Korean young adults using glutathione s-transferase (GST) polymorphisms. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were characterized in 245 healthy young adults by smoking status, and their oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and antioxidant status were assessed by GST genotype. General characteristics were investigated by simple questionnaire. From the blood of the subjects, GST genotypes; degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes; the erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; plasma concentrations of total peroxyl radical-trapping potential (TRAP), vitamin C, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotene and cryptoxanthin, as well as plasma lipid profiles, conjugated diene (CD), GOT, and GPT were analyzed. Of the 245 subjects studied, 23.2% were GSTM1 wild genotypes and 33.4% were GSTT1 wild genotype. No difference in erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, and the plasma TRAP level, CD, GOT, and GPT levels were observed between smokers and non-smokers categorized by GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype. Plasma levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol increased significantly in smokers with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05); however, plasma level of ${\alpha}$-carotene decreased significantly in non-smokers with the GSTM1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay was significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTM1 genotype; whereas DNA damage was significantly lower in non-smokers with the GSTT1 genotype. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTT1 genotype than those with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the GSTM1 genotype or the GSTT1 wild genotype in non-smokers aggravated their antioxidant status through DNA damage of lymphocytes; however, the GSTT1 wild type in non-smokers had normal plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be an important determinant of antioxidant status and plasma lipid profiles in non-smoking young adults. Further study is necessary to clarify the antioxidant status and/or lipid profiles of smokers with the GST polymorphism and to conduct a study with significantly more subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2014

본 연구는 고서당식이에 첨가된 안정화미강이 혈당조절에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하여 향후 안정화미강 첨가 식품을 인체실험에 적용하는데 기초자료로서 이용되고자 하였다. 4주령의 수컷 C57BL/6 mice를 정상식이 대조군 (ND), 고서당식이 대조군 (HSD), 안정화미강 첨가 식이군 (HSD-SRB)으로 배정하였다. 안정화미강 첨가 식이는 선행연구에 근거하여 식이 중량의 20%로 설정하였다. 12주 동안 식이 섭취 후 혈당, 혈청 인슐린, 간 조직의 글리코겐, 혈청 아디포넥틴, 혈청 및 간 조직의 중성지방을 측정하였다. 그 결과 HSD군에 비해 HSD-SRB군에서 체중 및 부고환지방 무게를 감소하는 경향이 있었고 공복혈당과 혈당반응곡선면적을 감소하였다. 또한 안정화미강 첨가 식이를 섭취하였을 때 혈청 및 간의 중성지방 농도가 감소됨에 따라 인슐린 저항성과 췌장의 베타세포 기능을 개선한 것으로 제안한다. 이로써 고서당식이에 안정화미강을 20% 첨가하였을 때 혈당조절 개선효과 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 안정화미강을 첨가한 건강 지향적인 제품 개발과 이 제품을 인체에 적용하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2001

연령에 따른 내당능의 감소 발생여부를 Sprague-Dawley종 흰쥐 수컷을 실험동물로 하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 연령에 따른 몸무게 변화는 1개월에서 2개월 사이에는 급격한 증가를 보였으며 2개월에서 4개월까지는 완만한 증가를 그 후 8개월까지는 미미하였다. 절식상태에서 혈당량(mg/dl)은 성장기군에서 $92{\pm}8.9$였으며 성숙기군에서는 $106{\pm}13.6$으로 성장기군에 비해 높았으며 인슐린 농도 또한 성숙기군에서 높았다. 체중 100mg당 180mg의 당을 부하한 내당능 검사에서도 성숙기군에서는 성장기군에 비해 당내성의 감소현상을 나타내었다. 당부하 검사시 동시에 측정한 혈장 인슐린 농도는 첫 30분에는 성장기군에서 높았으나, 120분에는 성숙기군에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. Soleus근의 당 섭취능은 성숙기군에서 성장기군보다 낮았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 인슐린 첨가에 의한 당 섭취능의 변화양상은 성숙기군과 성장기군 사이에 특별한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다.