• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 1987

Takju, a Korean traditional rice wine, was prepared using Koji and Nuluk which were inoculated with single or combination culture of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus shirousamii, and Aspergillus kawachii to investigate changes in mineral, amino acid and organic acid during fermentation. The mineral content showed a range of $1.50{\sim}15.20ppm\;for\;Ca,\;0.22{\sim}0.25ppm\;for\;Cu,\;1.60{\sim}2.10ppm\;for\;Fe,\;0.17{\sim}0.55ppm\;for\;Mn,\;0.68{\sim}1.00ppm\;for\;Zn,\;3.00{\sim}40.50ppm\;for\;K,\;5.25{\sim}19.50\;for\;Mg,\;1.43{\sim}2.95ppm\;for\;Na,\;and\;3.00{\sim}63.0ppm$ for P. It has been found that Takju had 16 kinds of amino acid including aspartic acid. A. niger Nuluk showed the highest contents in total amino acids, while A. kawachii Koji was the lowest in amino acids. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, and phenylalanine. The order of organic acids from the highest content in Takju were citric acid> tartaric acid> pyruvic acid> malic acid> lactic acid> acetic acid.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.472-476
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• 2006

In order to assess the possibility in utilizing the rice soybean paste(rice Doenjang) powder as food processing materials, the quality of pork cutlet sauce added with 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7%(w/w) of rice soybean paste powder was investigated. Viscosity of pork cutlet sauce ranged from 584 to 776 cP as soybean paste powder amounts increased. Lightness, redness and yellowness of pork cutlet sauce decreased with increasing rice soybean paste powder. Approximate composition of pork cutlet sauces containing rice soybean powder was $62.1\sim73.0%$ of moisture, $3.2\sim7.6%$ of crude protein $0.2\sim0.5%$ of crude fat $1.5\sim2.3%$ of crude fiber and $9.9\sim12.2%$ of crude ash. In sensory evaluation, the pork cutlet sauces added with 1% and 3% soybean paste powder showed more acceptable scores than market sauce.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2002

This study has been carried out to analized of long term changes of water quality with regard to main pollutant sources in agricultural reservoirs on the basis of data during 1996-2001. The major source was domestic wastewater(DWW) and water pollution by non-point sources(NPS) is increasing as time goes. It was determined that Seasonly average values of DWW were pH $7.6{\sim}8.7$, COD $7.0{\sim}9.4$, T-N $0.74{\sim}2.07$, T-P $0.05{\sim}0.62$, Live-stock wastewater(LWW) were pH $7.5{\sim}8.9$, COD $5.5{\sim}9.8$, T-N $0.57{\sim}1.91$, T-P $0.04{\sim}0.13$, NPS were pH $7.1{\sim}8.3$, COD $3.1{\sim}5.2$, T-N $0.29{\sim}1.44$, T-P $0.02{\sim}0.07$. Fluctuation of DWW and LWW were very wide and variable long term patterns of them were similar. Trophic states by Carlson Index of DWW and LWW was classified as eutrophic to hypretrophic from chl-a, T-P concentration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to find out the minimum size of pores through that Zeolite particles moved vertically out with percolated solution in the sand column and to estimate whether they were lost through the pores in the field sandy soil. The results were as follows. 1. The amount of Zeolite loss through sand columns was increased in the order of the columns filled with $2{\sim}1>1{\sim}0.5>0.5>0.25mm$ sand particles. 2. The Zeolite particles lost through columns filled with $1{\sim}0.5$ and $0.5{\sim}0.25mm$ sand were clay fraction. 3. The pore sire that clay fraction of Zeolite mineral could migrate through was determined to be above $150{\mu}m$ and Jangchon subsoil was presumed to have possibility of Zeolite loss in consideration of its pore size distribution. 4. The suitable particle size of Zeolite for application in sandy soil was presumed to be above $2{\mu}m$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.233-235
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• 2003

Heavy metal contents in commercial horticultural growing media were investigated Fifty-three samples were collected nationwide during 2000 to 2001 and heavy metals in the samples were analyzed by ICP-OES after acid digestion and 0.1N HCl extraction. Average contents of total Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn by acid digestion in the growing media were 0.69, 35.7, 14.9, 15.5, 12.7, and 54.8 mg/kg DW, respectively. The ranges of heavy metal in the growing media were $0{\sim}1.82$, $0{\sim}259.8$, $1.6{\sim}69.5$, $0{\sim}60.7$, $0{\sim}36.5$, $12.9{\sim}124.0\;mg/kg$ DW for Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Heavy metal contents in the commercial horticultural growing media were showed lower levels than the permitted levels for quality control described by Korean Standard Analytical Method for Growing Media. Average contents and ranges of 0.1 N HCl extractable heavy metals were 0.08 and $0{\sim}0.20$ for Cd, 0.38 and $0{\sim}2.10$ for Cr, 1.45 and $0{\sim}4.03$ for Cu, 0.85 and $0{\sim}3.31$ for Ni, 0.84 and $0{\sim}2.21$ for Pb, and 30.68 and $0.18{\sim}88.45\;mg/kg$ DW for Zn, respectively. These concentrations by 0.1 N HCl extraction showed much less levels than those of total heavy metals by acid digestion.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1982

Optical properties of sea water were studied in the western channel of the Korea Strait, based on the data obtained from fifteen oceanographic stations in July, 1980. Submarine daylight intensity was measured at intervals of 5m depth in the upper 70m layer by using the underwater irradiameter (Kahlsico $\#268_{WA}360$). The mean absorption coefficients of the sea water were shown as $0.098(0.063\sim0.183),\;0.129(0.090\sim0.270), 0.081(0.044\sim0.142),\;and 0.087(0.036\sim0,142)$ for clear, red, green, and blue color respectively. The transparency ranged from 11.5 to 24m(mean 18.3m). The mean water color in this area was $3.5(3\sim4)$ in Forel scales. The relation between absorption coefficient $(\kappa)$ and transparency (D) was $\kappa=1.72/D,\;\kappa=2.33/D,\;\kappa=1.41/D,\;and \kappa=1.44/D$ for clear, red, green, and blue color respectively. The rates of light penetration for clear, red, green, and blue color in four different depths were computed with reference to the surface light intensity respectively. The mean rates of light penetration in proportion to depths were as follows; clear : $57.90\% (5m),\;23.40\%\;(15m),\;6.23\%\;(30m),\;1.00\%\;(50m).$ $red\;:\;48.95\%\;(5m),\;14,81\%\;(15m),\;2.76\%\;(30m),\;0.28\%\;(50m).$ $green:\;63.20\%\;(5m),\;30.47\%\;(15m),\;10.03\%\;(30m),\;2.24\%\;(50m).$ $blue\;:\;62.70\%\;(5m),\;30.00\%\;(15m),\;9.75\%\;(30m),\;1.70\%\;(50m)$

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.655-661
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of black sesame powder on bread quality. Breads were prepared by the addition of 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of black sesame powder to the basic formulation. The weight of bread with black sesame powder ranged from 522.0 to 532.0 g and that of the control was 516.0 g. The volume of the bread prepared by adding 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% black sesame powder was 2250.0, 2290.0, and 1800.0 mL, respectively. The water absorptive rate of bread with added black sesame powder decreased 3.83 to 2.48 and that of the control was 5.28. The lightness, redness and yellowness values of the bread decreased with the increase of black sesame powder. The hardness increased with the addition of black sesame powder, and was the highest for the bread with added 7.5 % black sesame powder. The sensory quality of the black sesame powder-bread as estimated by taste, and overall acceptability was better than that of the control product, and especially the quality of the bread with the addition of 2.5% black sesame powder was the best.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

The community of phytoplankton, dominant species and environmental factor were investigated in Motjae-neup from January to September, 1996. A total 45 taxa were identified during the investigation period and composed of 5 classes, 8 orders, 13 families, 24 genera, 37 species, 6 varieties, 2 formation. The most important group was Chlorophyceae with 19(42.2%) taxa, followed by the Bacillariophyceae with 13(28.9%) taxa, Euglenophyceae with 7(15.6%) taxa, Cyanophyceae with 5(11.1%) taxa and Dinophyceae with 1(2.2%) taxon. Frustulia rhomboides, Eunotia lunaris, and Stauroneis anceps were important dominant species at Motjae-neup. The common species of all season are Microsystis aeruginosa, Melosira. varians, Frustulia rhomboides, Pinnularia braunii var. amphicephala, Stauroneis anceps. Ranges of environmental factors were measured : temperature, $3^{\circ}C{\sim}38^{\circ}C$; water temperature, $3.3^{\circ}C{\sim}26.5^{\circ}C$; pH, 5.7~6.38; BOD, $4.3{\sim}19.6mg/{\ell}$; chlorophyll a, $6.9mg/m^3{\sim}25.9mg/m^3$; SS, $26mg/{\ell}{\sim}52mg/{\ell}$; COD, $24{\sim}46mg/{\ell}$; total-N, $0.9538mg/{\ell}{\sim}2.3036mg/{\ell}$; total-P, $0.1057mg/{\ell}{\sim}0.1909mg/{\ell}$; electron conductivity, $25.5{\mu}s/m^3{\sim}2.3036{\mu}s/m^3$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 1986

The Sonakdong river is very important water source not only for agricultural water of Kimhae field but also for fishery water. Recently the middle and lower areas of the river have the tendency to be heavily contaminated by domestic sewage and agricultural chemicals. Fifty six water samples were collected from 8 stations from July to December in 1985 for the experiment (Fig. 1). To evaluate the water quality, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, chloride ion, nutrients ($NO^{-}_{2}-N,\;NO^{-}_{3}-N,\;NH^{+}_{4}-N,\;PO^{3-}_{4}-P,\;SiO_2-Si$), total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus were determined. Range and mean value of the samples were as follows; pH $6.3{\sim}9.4$, 7.91; water temperature $6.1{\sim}34.8^{\circ}C,\;23.88^{\circ}C$; electrical conductivity (from St. A to G) $1.575{\times}10^2{\sim}30.50{\times}10^2{\mu}{\mho}/cm,\;6.57{\times}10^2{\mu}{\mho}/cm$; chloride ion $23.5{\sim}14,300mg/l$, 770.0mg/l; nitrite-nitrogen $0.007{\sim}0.110mg/l$, 0.053mg/l; nitrate-nitrogen $0.001{\sim}1.638mg/l$, 0.649 mg/l; ammonia-nitrogen $0.017{\sim}4.200mg/l$, 0.497mg/l; phosphate-phoshorus $0.011{\sim}0.281mg/l$, 0.086mg/l; and silicate-silicious $2.4{\sim}6.5mg/l$, 4.43mg/l. Electrical conductivity and chloride ion of the station F(Chomanpo) were $2.676{\times}10^2{\mu}{\Omega}cm$ and 123.99mg/l which were lower than those of others. Among the analyzed nutrients, silicate-silicious concentration was the highest through all the samples. The bacterial density of the samples ranged $36{\sim}110,000/100ml$ for total coliform, $15{\sim}46,000/100ml$ for fecal coliform and $3.6{\sim}15,000/100ml$ for fecal streptococcus. The range and the mean of the TC/FC ratio were $3.0{\sim}9.6$, 5.51 and those of the FC/FS ratio were $1.1{\sim}9.2$, 6.19, respectively. On the other hand, fecal coliform was not detected in about $78\%$ of the water samples examined. Composition of coliform was $52\%$ Escherichia coli group, $3\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $13\%$ Enterobacter aerogenes group and $31\%$ others.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2007

To investigate the variations of physico-chemical factors and microbial population, in ten stations at water region of coastal area of Chagwi-Do, Nutritive salts, water temperature, transparency, suspended solid, salinity, COD, DO, pH, heterotrophic bacteria, were analysed three times in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005. Heterotrophic bacteria in surface water was $3.5\times10^1\sim1.16\times10^3\;cfu\;mL^{-1}$, $0.4\times10^1\sim5.6\times10^1\;cfu\;mL^{-1}$, $0.4\times10^1\sim7.8\times10^1$ and bottom water counted $4.5\times10^1\sim1.0\times10^3\;cfu\;mL^{-1}$, $1.2\times10^1\sim1.5\times10^2\;cfu\;mL^{-1}$, $0.4\times10^1\sim4.4\times10^1\;cfu\;mL^{-1}$ in September, November 2004 and February 2005, respectively. The dominant species isolated from the coastal area of Chagwi-Do were identified to be Vibrio spp., Pseudoalteromonas spp. Psuedomonas spp, Bacillus spp., Alteromonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Psychrobacter spp., and Flavobacterium spp.