• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

The optimal conditions for the continuous production of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid by immobilization of Lactobacillus brevis BH-21 using column type reactor were investigated. The optimal conditions of operation were 2.2 mm diameter bead of 3.0% sodium alginate at 10 mL/h of substrate feeding rate. Continuous production by immobililzed cells showed the highest productivity with replacement of fresh medium in every 48h for fourth fermentatoin cycle following the rendition of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid productivity. A productivity of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid could be obtained for 25 days by continuous column type reactor under optimal conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2001

The concentrations of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid in some Korean plants and mushrooms were investigated. ${\gamma}$-amino-butyric acid concentrations in Morus alba leaves, Cudrania tricuspidate leaves and fruits were 134.03, 104.13 and 120.99 mg/100g dry matter basis, respectively, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid concentrations in Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Auricularia auricula were 93.44, 72.17 and 66.48 mg/100g dry matter basis. respectivley.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.737-740
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• 2002

To determine the relations between antihypertensive effect and ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid, mycelial weight and pigment of Monascus, ethanol koji extracts were prepared from Monascus koji and each of three grade was classified based on ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid content, glucosamine content and hue angle value, respectively. Each extract was orally administrated on male spontaneously hypertensive rats and its antihypertensive effect was compared. Most of koji extracts showed antihypertensive activity regardless of their ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid content, glucosamine content or hue angle value. Therefore, hypotensive activity of koji extract was not dependent on above three components.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2010

Calculations are presented for the $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid-$(H_2O)_n$ (n = 0-5) clusters in both canonical and zwitterionic forms. We examine the effects of microsolvation on the structures and transformation between the canonical and zwitterionic forms. The canonical forms are predicted to be more stable for n = 0-4. With five microsolvating water molecules, the two forms of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid become quasidegenerate, with the energies of zwitterionic forms slightly (by 1 - 3 kcal/mol) higher. The lowest energy zwitterionic conformer of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid-$(H_2O)_5$ cluster is calculated to isomerize to canonical form through a barrier-less proton transfer process and is thus predicted to be kinetically unstable. Therefore, we predict that the canonical conformers of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid should be observed predominantly in the gas phase at low temperature in presence of up to five water molecules.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1979

Free amino acid in ethanol extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed and determinated the contents five kind of new amino acid by means of amino acid autoanalyzer and gas liquid chromatography. The result obtained from this study are as follows. 1) Five kind of new amino acid turned out to be ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid, allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid and ornithine. 2) By means of amino acid autoanalyzer, the monoethanolamine was identified on the chromatogram ahead of alanine, ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid between peak of threonine and glycine, allo-isoeleucine between peak of valine and leucine, isoleucine, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid followed by proline between peak of leucine, isoleucine and methionine and ornithine between peak of phenylalanine and tyrosine 3) By means of Gas liquid chromatography, the ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid was identified on the chromatogram between peaks of alanine and valine, allo-isoleucine between peaks of methionine and isoleucine, monoethanolamine followed by ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid between peaks of phenylalanine and ammonia, ornithine between the peaks of ammonia and lysine. 4) Of five amino acids which were identified, ornithine was the highest of its content in the mushroom extracts, and allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid came next in decreasing order. 5) Also which were identified, ornithine was the highest of its content in the hydrolysates, and ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid, allo-isoleucine came next in decreasing order, ethanol extracts and hydrolysates of Auriculariaauricula-Judae(Fr.) $Qu\acute{e}l$ species didn't contain any of five kind of new amino acid. Ornithine also was the highest in the hydrolysates of ll mushrooms.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2012

In this study, the effects of pH, temperature, IPTG concentration and substrate (MSG) concentration on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production in engineered Escherichia coli were investigated. Glutamate decarboxylase and glutamate/GABA antiporter were overexpressed in GABA aminotransferase knock-out strain for GABA production. The result of optimization study showed the GABA bioconversion was optimized at pH 3.5, $30^{\circ}C$, 0.5 mM IPTG, 10 g/L MSG. At this condition, 5.23 g/L of final GABA concentration of was achieved from 10 g/L of MSG, which corresponded to a GABA yield of 85.77%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 1992

Korean green tea leaves which were harvested three times(May, June, August) were treated with anaerobic conditions and were measured changes of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and other constituents. In anaerobically treated green tea leaves, the content of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and alanine increased while glutamic acid decreased. Whereas theanine, arginine, caffeine and tannin showed little change and the content of vitamine C slightly decreased with the passing of the anaerobic treatment time. Formation of GABA, a hypotensive constituents, was proportioned to the content of glutamic acid and the optimum time of the anaerobic treatment was about 12 hours. In the anaerobic treatment of green tea leaves, effect of nitrogen gas and vacuum condition was no difference between two.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1159-1165
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• 2012

The action of neuronally released ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is terminated by uptake into the neurons by GABA transporters (GATs). The mechanism underlying the stabilization and regulation of GAT2 has not yet been elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with and, thereby, regulate betaine-${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2). We found an interaction between BGT-1/mGAT2 and Munc-18-interacting proteins (Mints). The "T-H-L" motif at the C-terminal end of BGT-1/mGAT2 was essential for the interaction with Mint2 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Mint2 bound to the tail region of BGT-1/mGAT2, but not to other GAT members. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, Mint2 was co-immunoprecipitated with BGT-1/mGAT2. In addition, we demonstrated the cellular co-localization of BGT-1/mGAT2 and Mint2 in the cells. These results suggest that Mint2 contributes to the regulation of BGT-1/mGAT2.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Objectives : From this study, we sight to identify Anti-stress effect of Chenwangbosim-Dan (Tianwangbuxin-Dan) Extract∘Fermented Rice Extract (GABA : gamma-aminobutyric acid 30%) Complex Methods : In order to measure the degree of functional evaluation of tension relief due to stress, it was evaluated whether the psychological indicators VAS(Visual Analog Scale) and POMS(Profile Of Mood State) were improved. Which is generally used for stress measurement and has a high frequency of clinical use. All clinical trial subjects were required to take the drug once a day at 9 ± 30 min in the morning for 2 weeks. Results : After intake, the group that Chenwangbosim-Dan(Tianwangbuxin-Dan) Extract∘Fermented Rice Extract (GABA : gamma-aminobutyric acid 30%) Complex had a statistically significant improvement effect compared to before intake due to an improved 30.81% of the VAS scores. The POMS-T score improved 54.13%, the POMS-V score improved 117.5% and the POMS-F score improved 59%, which had a statistically significant effect compared to Placebo group (p<0.001). There is a significant difference between two group, so even considering the placebo effect, the anti stress effect was confirmed in the Chenwangbosim-Dan (Tianwangbuxin-Dan) Extract∘Fermented Rice Extract (GABA : gamma-aminobutyric acid 30%) Complex intake group. Conclusions : The above results showed that the Chenwangbosim-Dan(Tianwangbuxin-Dan) Extract∘Fermented Rice Extract (GABA : gamma-aminobutyric acid 30%) Complex had an anti-stress effect. Therefore, it is expected to be developed as a safe and comfortable mental care health functional food that can reduce the risk of drug abuse.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

Effects of acute anoxia on carbohydrate hydrolytic enzyme activities and free amino acid contents in malt were examined. Malts were prepared with barley grains germinated for 7 days which contained the highest levels of amylolytic and(1-3,1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities. $\alpha$-Amylase and $\beta$-amylase activities in malts were not significantly affected by anoxia for 5 or 10 h.(1-3,1-4)-$\beta$-Glucanase activity, however, decreased about 7 to 10% by anoxia for 5 or 10 h. Alanine and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid content changed drastically. Alanine contents in malts increased by 2.2- and 2-fold, and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid contents by 1.4- and 1.9-fold under anoxia for 5 and 10 h, respectively.