• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1998

The immunogenetic analysis was performed to characterize the Korean native chickens (KNC) determined by monoclonal antibodies specific to chicken leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. A total of 174 chickens including 58 KNC (black, brown and darkbrown colored), 77 foreign breed (Nagoya, White Reghorn, Rhode Island and Cornish) and 39 mixed breed (19 KNC with Nagoya and 20 KNC with Rhode Island) separately growing at Animal Science and Technology Institute were examined. The proportion of cells expressing MHC class II molecule (B-L in chicken) was significantly high in KNC. Proportion of CD4+ T helper cells was also higher in KNC and two mixed breed than that in foreign breed. However, proportion of CD8+ cells and TCR1 + (${\gamma}^{\delta}$ T cell receptor) cells was the lowest among the breed examined. Otherwise, those proportions were significantly high in White leghorn and two mixed breeds with two exclusive subpopulations. The two subpopulations were also typically shown in MHC class $II^+$ cells in KNC and one mixed breed, black-colored KNC with Nagoya. Although genotypic analysis was not pursued to characterize the immunogenetic properties of KNC, difference of phenotypic expression based on leukocyte differentiation molecules could be elucidated in KNC in this study.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1529-1537
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• 2009

L-arginine 구조유사체인 L-canavanine의 인체 급성백혈병 Jurkat T 세포에 대한 apoptosis 유도활성이 단백질 티로신키나아제 $p56^{lck}$에 어떻게 조절되는지를 규명하기 위해 $p56^{lck}$를 발현하는 Jurkat T 세포주 E6.1과 $p56^{lck}$-결손 Jurkat T 세포주 JCaM1.6에 있어서 L-canavanine의 세포독성, L-canavanine에 의해 유도되는 apoptotic DNA fragmentation 및 apoptotic sub-$G_1$ peak를 비교하여 본 바, $p56^{lck}$-negative JCaM1.6 세포가 $p56^{lck}$-positive E6.1 세포에 비해 L-canavanine의 apoptotis 유도활성에 훨씬 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 $p56^{lck}$-negative JCaM1.6 세포의 민감성은 JCaM1.6 세포에 $p56^{lck}$ 유전자를 transfection시켜 발현시키면 현저히 감소되었다. L-Canavanine에 의해 유도되는 apoptosis관련 현상들을 $p56^{lck}$-stable transfectant인 JCaM1.6/lck 세포와 empty vector-transfectant 인 $p56^{lck}$-negaive JCaM1.6/vector 세포에서 Western blot analysis로 비교한 결과, L-canavanine에 의해 유도되는 mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta\Psi}m$)의 감소, caspase-9, -8, -7 및 -3의 활성화, 그리고 PARP 및 $PLC{\gamma}$-1의 분해가 JCaM1.6/vector 세포에 비해 JCaM1.6/lck 세포에서 더 약하게 나타났다. JCaM1.6/lck 세포를 2.5 mM L-canavanine으로 처리한 다음 세포 내 $p56^{lck}$ kinase 활성의 변화를 $\alpha$-casein을 기질로 하여 시간 별로 측정한 결과, L-canavanine의 처리 후 15분만에 $p56^{lck}$ kinase의 활성이 약 1.6배 증가되었으며 이후 6시간 동안은 약 1.3~1.4 배정도 증가된 수준으로 kinase 활성이 유지되는 것으로 확인되었다. L-Canavanine에 의한 apoptosis의 개시에 Fas/FasL 상호작용이 관련되는지를 규명하기 위해 FADD-negative Jurkat T 세포주 I2.1, caspase-8-negative Jurkat T 세포주 I9.2 및 wild-type Jurkat T 세포주 A3에 대한 L-canavanine의 세포독성을 비교한 결과, A3와 I2.1 세포의 경우는 L-canavanine의 세포독성이 동일하게 나타났고, 특히 caspase-8가 결손된 I9.2 세포의 경우는 L-canavanine의 세포독성에 대한 민감성이 A3와 I2.1 세포에 비해 단지 미약하게만 완화되는 것으로 나타나, L-canavanine의한 apoptosis에는 Fas/FasL 상호작용이 관련되어 있지 않으며, 또한 caspase-8의 역할이 필수적이지 않음을 시사하였다. Jurkat T 세포에 있어서 L-canavanie에 의해 유도되는 sub-$G_1$ peak 및 caspases 활성화에 미치는 pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk), caspase-9 inhibitor (z-LEHD-fmk), caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk), caspase-4 inhibitor (z-LEVD-fmk) 및 caspase-12 inhibitor (z-ATAD-fmk)의 영향을 조사한 결과, L-canavanie에 의한 apoptosis는 ${\Delta\Psi}m$의 감소, caspase-9 및 caspase -3의 활성화에 뒤따른 caspase-8 및 caspase-7의 활성화, 그리고 PARP의 분해의 순서로 유도되는 것으로 나타났으며, 아울러 caspase-9의 활성화와 함께 caspase-12의 활성화가 L-canavanine 처리에 따른 caspase-3의 활성화에 요구되는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로, L-canavanine 처리에 의한 Jurkat T 세포의 apoptosis는 ${\Delta\Psi}m$ 감소, caspase-9, caspase-3 및 caspase-7의 활성화에 의해 유도되며, 이들 apoptosis 현상들은 $p56^{lck}$에 의해 negative regulation되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.505-514
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• 2014

항 비만 활성소재를 탐색하기 위하여 국내산 8종의 잡곡으로부터 80% 에탄올 추출물을 확보하여 마우스 3T3-L1 전지방세포에 대한 세포독성을 조사한 결과, 기장이 가장 강한 세포독성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기장 에탄올 추출물을 다시 메칠렌 크로라이드, 에칠아세테이트 및 부탄올로 단계 추출하여 각 유기용매 추출물을 확보하고 각 추출물의 항 비만 활성소재를 3T3-L1전지방세포의 지방세포로의 분화 억제능으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 기장의 부탄올 추출물은 지방세포 분화 유도기간(6일) 동안 처리하였을 때, 대조구보다 중성지방 축적을 약 50.3% 억제하는 것으로 나타나 가장 강한 항비만 활성 분획임을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 기장 부탄올 추출물의 항비만 활성은 지방세포 분화유도인자($(C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$)의 초기 발현을 억제하여 전지방세포의 지방세포로의 분화를 억제하고, 나아가 지방대사 관련 유전자(aP2 와LPL)의 발현까지도 저해함을 알았다. 그리고 기장의 부탄올 추출물은 25 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 3T3-L1 전지방세포의 지방세포로의 분화를 저해하지만 50 ${\mu}g/ml$농도에서는 3T3-L1 전지방세포의 미토콘드리아 세포막 전위(${\Delta}{\psi}m$)를 변화시키고, caspase-3 활성화와 PARP 분해를 유도하여 세포사멸을 유도하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 기장이 항비만 소재를 가진 우수한 잡곡으로서 비만 관련 질환 예방에 우수한 식소재로 활용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2011

Effects of roasting on vitamin E content, color, microstructure and moisture of peanuts, and vitamin E content in peanut oils prepared from the roasted peanuts were investigated. Runner-type peanuts were roasted at 140, 150, and $160^{\circ}C$ for 10-20 min. As roasting temperature and time increased, the CIELAB $L^*$ value of peanuts decreased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased, resulting in formation of the golden brown color of roasted peanuts. Moisture ratio (M/Mo) and color $b^*$ value of peanuts roasted at 140 to $160^{\circ}C$ showed a correlation of $b^*=21.61\;(M/Mo)^2-40.62\;(M/Mo)+34.12$ ($R^2=0.9123$). Overall changes in the tocopherol contents of peanuts and peanut oils were significantly affected by roasting temperature and time (p<0.05). Roasting at $140^{\circ}C$ caused a slight increase in the levels of tocopherols of peanuts over roasting time up to 20 min (p<0.05). There was no significant change in the tocopherol levels of peanuts during roasting at $150^{\circ}C$ for 20 min (p>0.05). At $160^{\circ}C$, the levels of tocopherols significantly decreased during the initial 10 min of roasting (p<0.05) while there was no extended loss after 10 min, resulting in about 5, 12, 20, and 10% losses of ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-T, respectively. After 20 min, total tocopherols decreased by 18%. However, tocopherol contents of pressed peanut oils significantly decreased at all roasting temperatures (p<0.05). After roasting peanuts at $160^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, about 84% of initial ${\alpha}$-T in peanut oils was retained. ${\alpha}$-T was the most stable to roasting while ${\gamma}$-T was the least. Swollen epidermal cells on the inner surface and broken cell walls of parenchyma tissue of peanut cotyledon were observed in peanuts after roasting at $160^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. Severe changes in microstructure of peanut by roasting would contribute to vitamin E stability because of exposure of oil droplets in peanuts to oxygen.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

TCR subunits are members of membrane-bound receptors which allow the fast and efficient elimination of the specific fish pathogens have regulated function in adaptive immunity. Sequence structure of TCR subunits have been reported for various teleosts, but the information of each TCR subunit functional characterization through expression analysis in fish was unknown. In this study, we examined the gene expression of TCR subunits in the early developmental stages and observed transcript levels in various tissues from healthy adult olive flounder by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of alpha subunit was already detected in the previous hatching step. But the transcripts of another TCR subunit were not observed during embryo development and increased after hatching and maintained until metamorphosis at the same level. It was found that all TCR subunits mRNAs are commonly expressed in the immune-related organ such as spleen, kidney and gill, also weak expressed in fin and eye. TCR alpha and beta subunit were expressed in brain, whereas gamma and delta were not expressed same tissue. The sequence alignment analysis shows that there are more than 80% sequence homology between TCR subunits. Because it has a high similarity of amino acid sequence to expect similar in function, but expression analysis show that will have may functional diversity due to different time and place of expression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2003

Yukmijihwang-tang has been widely used as an and-aging herbal medicine for hundred years in Asian countries. Numerous studies show that Yukmijihwangtang has anti-oxidative effect both in vivo and in vitro. It has been reported that Moutan Cortex Radicis extract (MCR) was the most effective herb in Yukmijihwang-tang on undifferentiated PC12 cells upon oxidative-stressed with hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this study is to; 1) evaluate the recovery of neuronal damage by assessing the anti-oxidant effect of MCR on PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF), 2) identify candidate genes responsible for anti-oxidative effect on differentiated PC12 cells by oligonucleotide chip microarray. PC12 cells, which were differentiated by treating with NGF, were treated without or with hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of various concentration of MCR. Cell survival was determined by using MTS assay. Measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using the H2DCFDA assay The viability of cells treated with MCR was significantly recovered from stressed PC12 cell. In addition, wide rage of concentrations of MCR shows dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ROS production in oxidative-stressed cells. Total RNAs of cells without treatment(Control group), only treated with H₂O₂ (stressed group) and treated with both H₂O₂ and of MCR (MCR group) were isolated, and cDNAs was synthesized using oligoT7(dT) primer. The fragmented cRNAs, synthesized from cDNAs, were applied to Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Neurobiology U34 Array. mRNA of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta subunit(CaMKII), neuron glucose transporter (GLUT3) and myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG) were downregulated in Stressed group comparing to Control group. P2X2-5 receptor (P2X2R-5), P2X2-4 receptor (P2X2R-4), c-fos, 25 kDa synaptosomal attachment protein(SNAP-25a) and GLUT3 were downregulated, whereas A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR), cathechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), EST223333, heme oxygenase (HO), VGF, UI-R-CO-ja-a-07-0-Ul.s1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were upregulated in MCA group comparing to Control group. Expression of Putative potassium channel subunit protein (ACK4), P2X2A-5, P2X2A-4, Interferon-gamma inducing factor isoform alpha precursor (IL-18α), EST199031, P2XR, P2X2 purinoceptor isoform e (P2X2R-e), Precursor interleukin 18 (IL-18) were downregulated, whereas MOO, EST223333, GLUT-1, MIF, Neuronatin alpha, UI-R-C0-ja-a-07-0-Ul.s1, A2. adenosine receptor, COMT, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), HO, VGF, A rat novel protein which is expressed with nerve injury (E12625) were upregulated in MCR group comparing to Stressed group. The results suggest that decreased viability and AOS production of PC12 cell by H₂O₂ may be, at lease, mediated by impaired glucose transporter expression. It is implicated that the MCR treatment protect PC12 cell from oxidative stress via following mechanisms; improving glucose transport into the cell, enhancing expression of anti-oxidative genes and protecting from dopamine cytotoxicity by increment of COMT and MIF expression. The list of differentially expressed genes may implicate further insight on the action and mechanism behind the anti-oxidative effects of herbal extract Moutan Cortex Radicis.