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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.11.1529

A Natural L-Arginine Analog, L-Canavanine-Induced Apoptosis is Suppressed by Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56lck in Human Acute Leukemia Jurkat T Cells  

Park, Hae-Sun (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Jun, Do-Youn (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Woo, Hyun-Ju (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Rue, Seok-Woo (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Sang-Kook (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Kyung-Min (School of Applied Ecological Resources, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Park, Wan (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Moon, Byung-Jo (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Young-Ho (School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.19, no.11, 2009 , pp. 1529-1537 More about this Journal
Abstract
To elucidate further the antitumor effects of a natural L-arginine analogue, L-canavanine, the mechanism underlying apoptogenic activity of L-canavanine and its modulation by protein tyrosine kinase $p56^{lck}$ was investigated in human Jurkat T cells. When the cells were treated with 1.25 to 2.5 mM L-canavanine for 36 h, several apoptotic events including mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta\Psi}m$) loss, activation of caspase-9, -3, -8, and -7, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation, and DNA fragmentation were induced without alteration in the levels of Fas or FasL. These apoptotic changes were more significant in $p56^{lck}$-deficient Jurkat clone JCaM1.6 than in $p56^{lck}$-positive Jurkat clone E6.1. The L-canavanine-induced apoptosis observed in $p56^{lck}$-deficient JCaM1.6 cells was significantly reduced by introducing $p56^{lck}$ gene into JCaM1.6 cells by stable transfection. Treatment of JCaM1.6/lck cells with L-canavanine caused a transient 1.6-fold increase in the kinase activity of $p56^{lck}$. Both FADD-positive wild-type Jurkat T cell clone A3 and FADD-deficient Jurkat T cell clone I2.1 exhibited a similar susceptibility to the cytotoxicity of L-canavanine, excluding involvement of Fas/FasL system in triggering L-canavanine-induced apoptosis. The L-canavanine-induced apoptotic sub-$G_1$ peak and activation of caspase-3, -8, and -7 were abrogated by pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk), whereas L-canavanine-induced activation of caspase-9 was not affected. These results demonstrated that L-canavanine caused apoptosis of Jurkat T cells via the loss of ${\Delta\Psi}m$, and the activation of caspase-9, -3, -8, and -7, leading to PARP degradation, and that the $p56^{lck}$ kinase attenuated the ${\Delta\Psi}m$ loss and activation of caspases, and thus contributed as a negative regulator to L-canavanine-induced apoptosis.
Keywords
L-canavanine; Jurkat T cell apoptosis; mitochondrial membrane potential; caspase cascade; $p56^{lck}$;
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