• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study new notions of continuity, compactness and stability in ditopological texture spaces based on the notions of ${\beta}$-g-open and ${\beta}$-g-closed sets and some of their characterizations are obtained. Finally, the relationships between these concepts and the other related concepts are investigated.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.303-310
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• 2013

In this paper, we first show that $z_{{\kappa}X}:E_{cc}({\kappa}X){\rightarrow}{\kappa}X$ is $z^{\sharp}$-irreducible and that if $\mathcal{G}(E_{cc}({\beta}X))$ is a base for closed sets in ${\beta}X$, then $E_{cc}({\kappa}X)$ is $C^*$-embedded in $E_{cc}({\beta}X)$, where ${\kappa}X$ is the extension of X such that $vX{\subseteq}{\kappa}X{\subseteq}{\beta}X$ and ${\kappa}X$ is weakly Lindel$\ddot{o}$f. Using these, we will show that if $\mathcal{G}({\beta}X)$ is a base for closed sets in ${\beta}X$ and for any weakly Lindel$\ddot{o}$f space Y with $X{\subseteq}Y{\subseteq}{\kappa}X$, ${\kappa}X=Y$, then $kE_{cc}(X)=E_{cc}({\kappa}X)$ if and only if ${\beta}E_{cc}(X)=E_{cc}({\beta}X)$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2002

For an outer action $\alpha$ of a finite group G on a factor M, it was proved that H is a, normal subgroup of G if and only if there exists a finite group F and an outer action $\beta$ of F on the crossed product algebra M $\times$$_{\alpha}$ G = (M $\times$$_{\alpha}$ F. We generalize this to infinite group actions. For an outer action $\alpha$ of a discrete group, we obtain a Galois correspondence for crossed product algebras related to normal subgroups. When $\alpha$ satisfies a certain condition, we also obtain a Galois correspondence for fixed point algebras. Furthermore, for a minimal action $\alpha$ of a compact group G and a closed normal subgroup H, we prove $M^{G}$ = ( $M^{H}$)$^{{beta}(G/H)}$for a minimal action $\beta$ of G/H on $M^{H}$.f G/H on $M^{H}$.TEX> H/.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2011

In this paper, fuzzy ${\alpha}^*$-set, fuzzy C-set, fuzzy AB-set, fuzzy t-set, fuzzy B-set, etc., are introduced in the sense of Sostak [12] and Ramadan [9]. By using these sets, a decomposition of fuzzy continuity and complete fuzzy continuity are provided. Characterization of smooth fuzzy extremally disconnected spaces is also obtained in this connection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.909-914
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• 2021

In this short note we prove new differential Harnack inequalities interpolating those for the static surface and for the Ricci flow. In particular, for 0 ≤ 𝜀 ≤ 1, α ≥ 0, 𝛽 ≥ 0, 𝛾 ≤ 1 and u being a positive solution to $${\frac{{\partial}u}{{\partial}t}}={\Delta}u-{\alpha}u\;{\log}\;u+{\varepsilon}Ru+{\beta}u^{\gamma}$$ on closed surfaces under the flow ${\frac{\partial}{{\partial}t}}g_{ij}=-{\varepsilon}Rg_{ij}$ with R > 0, we prove that $${\frac{\partial}{{\partial}t}}{\log}\;u-{\mid}{\nabla}\;{\log}\;u{\mid}^2+{\alpha}\;{\log}\;u-{\beta}u^{{\gamma}-1}+\frac{1}{t}={\Delta}\;{\log}\;u+{\varepsilon}R+{\frac{1}{t}{}\geq}0$$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2009

Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is an abnormal shunt between the descending aorta and pulmonary artery through the incompletely closed ductus arteriosus and is the most common congenital heart defect in dogs. Recent human genetic studies found that a the gene mutation in transcription factor AP-2 beta(TFAP2B) was responsible for syndromic cases of PDA. Mutations in the TFAP2B gene are associated with certain congenital cardiac defects in humans that include PDA. In this study, we isolated the entire coding exons of canine TFAP2B gene for genetic screening in dogs with PDA. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggested that the canine TFAP2B are phylogenetically closer to the human TFAP2B(100% identity in amino acid sequence) than mouse and rat. In cTFAP2B gene screening, one single c.936+203G>A base change was found in affected Maltese dogs with PDA. However, further screening found the same base change in one unaffected control dog, suggesting this base change might be polymorphism. No other base changes were found in other dog breeds enrolled in this study. Because the base change was located in the intronic region and found in an unaffected control dog, TFAP2B might not be responsible for familial PDA in Malteses and sporadic cases of other dog breeds, although the gene promoter region should be investigated before reaching to this conclusion. A future study that may take this study further would be to collect more samples and to screen TFAP2B in various breeds of dogs with PDA and other various congenital heart defects.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

This study was conducted to compare the aromatic compounds and the internal quality such as total phenolic contents, DPPH activity, and vitamin C contents in two new forma (red type and dalgom) and gom-chwi (Ligularia fischeri). Total phenolic contents were indicated 137.29mg/100g fresh wt. in gom-chwi, 158.40mg/100g fresh wt. in red type, and 180.82mg/100g fresh wt. in dalgom, red type and dalgom had higher contents than gom-chwi. DPPH activities were appeared similar result in gom-chwi (74.45%) and red type (75.59%), and dalgom (86.26%) had better than others. In vitamin C contents, gom-chwi and red variety had shown very closed results but dalgom had best result (1.81mg/100g fresh wt.). Essential oil contents of red type (0.164% of fresh wt.) and dalgom (0.290% of fresh wt.) had higher contents than gom-chwi (0.060%). Analysis of major components of essential oil by GC/MSD, identified 43 compounds in gom-chwi, 44 compounds in red type, and 31 compounds in dalgom. N-containing compound only detected in dalgom. Comparison of six aromatic compounds for fragrance (a-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, a-phellandrene, 3-carene, and limonene) was indicated red type had higher contents and dalgom had lower contents than gom-chwi. Dalgom had higher contents of total phenolic, DPPH activity, vitamin C, and essential oil than red type and gom-chwi. This result had shown the dalgom had better characters for new cultivar.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2015

The consumption of leaf vegetables has been steadily increasing in Korea. Leaf vegetables are used for "Ssam (vegetable wrap-up), eaf vegetables has been steadily increasing in Korea. Leaf vegetables are used for asoned condiments inside several layers of young vegetable leaves. This study investigated the effect of air temperature on the growth and phytochemical contents of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Ssamchoo (Brassica lee L. ssp. namai) grown in a closed-type plant factory system where fluorescent lamps were used as an artificial light source. Seeds of beet and Ssamchoo were sown in a peat-lite germination mix. The roots of 20-day-old seedlings were washed, and the seedlings were planted on a styrofoam board and grown in hydroponic beds for 25 days under fluorescent light. Plants were exposed to one of three different air temperature regimes (20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ during the day combined with $18^{\circ}C$ during the night), which were monitored with a sensor at 30 cm above the plant canopy. Increased plant height and leaf area were observed in beet at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ compared to $20^{\circ}C$. For Ssamchoo, the greatest plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight were obtained at $20^{\circ}C$. Ascorbic acid content of beet and Ssamchoo leaves were highest at $30^{\circ}C$. In beet, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were higher at $20^{\circ}C$ (42.4, $197.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) and $25^{\circ}C$ (46.9, $217.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) than $30^{\circ}C$ (22.4, $88.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$). In Ssamchoo, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also higher at $20^{\circ}C$ (79.2, $268.2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) and $25^{\circ}C$ (66.3, $258.3mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$), respectively, than $30^{\circ}C$ (53.7, $134.7mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$). Hence, the optimum temperature appears to be $20^{\circ}C$ for growing both beet and Ssamchoo in a closed-type plant factory system with fluorescent light.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2009

During a dilute acid hydrolysis, degradation products are formed or liberated by pre-treatment of lignocelluloses depend on both the biomass and the pretreatment conditions such as temperature, time, pressure, pH, redox conditions, and addition of catalysts. In lignocellulosic biomass, sugars can be degraded to furfural which is formed from pentoses and 5-hydroxymethulfurfural (HMF) from hexoses. 5-HMF can be further degraded, forming levulinic acid and formic acid. Acetate is liberated from hemicellulose during hydrolysis. Some decomposed compounds hinder the subsequent bioconversion of the solubilized sugars into desired products, reducing conversion yields and rates during fermentation. In the present work, samples of rapeseed strawwere hydrolyzed to study the optimal pretreatment condition by assessing yields of sugars and decomposed products obtained under different reaction conditions ($H_2SO_4$ 0.5-1.25% (w/w), reaction time 0-20 min and temperature range 150-220 C). A careful analytical investigation of acid hydrolyzate of rapeseed straw has not yet been undertaken, and a well-closed mass balance for the hydrolyzate in general is necessary to verify the productivity and economic predictions for this process.