• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2015

The extracted phenolic compounds from Cornus kousa fruit for biological activities as functional resources were examined. The phenolic compounds which were extracted with water and 40% ethanol from Cornus kousa fruit were $7.04{\pm}0.27$ and $4.47{\pm}0.18mg/g$, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84% and 86% at $50{\mu}g/mL$phenolics, respectively. The 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84 and 95% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. Antioxidant protection factor in water and ethanol extracts at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics were 1.93 and 1.82 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 69% in water extracts and 89% in ethanol extracts at $150{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase in water and ethanol extracts was 34 and 60%, respectively. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 29% in water extracts and 87% in ethanol extracts. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 19% in ethanol extracts. The collagenase inhibition activity of anti-wrinkle effect showed an excellent wrinkle improvement effect as 53% in water extracts and 77% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The hyaluronidase inhibition activity as antiinflammation effect of water extracts was confirmed to 34% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The results can be expected extracts from Cornus kousa fruit to use as functional resource for antioxidant, antigout, inhibitor of carbohydrate degradation, antiwrinkle activity and antiinflammation activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.844-852
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• 2011

In this study, various antioxidant propertieswere evaluated by analyzing the proximate composition and free-sugar and DNJ contents of the Bombyx mori L., Mori fructus, Morus ramulus, Mori folium, Dioscoreae rhizome and Inonotus obliquus extracts, and the antidiabetic effect was evaluated through an in-vivo experiment. Product evaluation was conducted after preparing a beverage for the easy use of the mixed extract for biological activity, as a functional resource. The biochemical composition of the extracts was 0.31% crude protein, 0.114 g/100 mL free sugar and 161.02 mg/gdw DNJ, all of which showed excellent results in all the antioxidant ability and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition ability experiments. The beverage showed the following functionalities. The total-polyphenol content was 71.93%, but the electron-donating ability was highest in the 5% extract concentration. Moreover, when the TBARS values were experimented on, KO2 showed an especially high scavenging ability. During the five-week beverage supply after inducing diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), the change in the blood sugar was measured, and the STZ-induced diabetes+oral-beverage group (C) showed a lower blood sugar level than the diabetes comparative group (B) in the second week. In the STZ-induced diabetes+free-diet/beverage group (D), the blood glucose level also slowly decreased in the second week. The lowest blood glucose level among the STZ-induced diabetes groups was shown in the fifth week.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.380-381
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare biological activity of browning compounds from fresh, red and black garlic. Water soluble browning compounds were separated from fresh, red and black garlic by dialysis membrane. Antioxidation and other biological activities of freeze dried inner and outer parts from garlics were compared. pH of fresh and red garlic dialysis solutions were higher in inner part of membrane, but black garlic dialysis solution showed reverse tendency. Browning intensities of all tested samples were higher in outer part of dialysis solutions. In inner part dialysis solutions, contents of total phenol compounds were the lowest in red garlic while their contents were the highest in black garlic and thereafter, were the highest in inner part of dialysis solution made from red garlic. Flavonoids content was the highest in inner part of red garlic dialysis solution. Total pyruvate content was higher in outer part of fresh and red garlic dialysis solution which showed the opposite results in black garlic. Total thiosulfate content was the highest in black garlic, red garlic and fresh garlic in order. Antioxidant activities have some similarities among garlic products. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in inner part of fresh and black garlic and outer part of red garlic. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was higher in browning compounds of red garlic than fresh and black garlic. $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activity of tested samples were higher in inner part of dialysis solution than outer part, and showed higher activity in red garlic than fresh garlic at low sample concentrations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the treatment of diabetes mellitus is the attainment of glycemic control. Hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress which contributes to the progression of diabetic complications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Daraesoon (Actinidia arguta shoot) in animal models of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received an oral administration of a starch solution (1 g/kg) either with or without a 70% ethanol extract of Daraesoon (400 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) after an overnight fast and their postprandial blood glucose levels were measured. Five-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a basal or high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet with or without Daraesoon extract (0.4%) or acarbose (0.04%) for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation to determine the effects of the chronic consumption of Daraesoon on fasting hyperglycemia and antioxidant status. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, rats that received Daraesoon extract (400 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) exhibited a significant reduction in the area under the postprandial glucose response curve after the oral ingestion of starch. Additionally, the long-term consumption of Daraesoon extract or acarbose significantly decreased serum glucose and insulin levels as well as small intestinal maltase activity in HFHS-fed mice. Furthermore, the consumption of Daraesoon extract significantly reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased glutathione levels in the livers of HFHS-fed mice compared to HFHS-fed mice that did not ingest Daraesoon. CONCLUSIONS: Daraesoon effectively suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia via the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Chronic consumption of Daraesoon alleviated fasting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.446-452
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• 2013

Chronic consumption of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet increases insulin resistance and results in type 2 diabetes mellitus in C57BL/6J mice. Hyperglycemia in diabetics increases oxidative stress, which is associated with a high risk of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of chamnamul [Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai] in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul was measured in vitro. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal or HFHS diet with or without a 70% ethanol extract of chamnamul at a 0.5% level of the diet for 12 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. After sacrifice, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles, and lipid peroxidation of the liver were determined. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Chamnamul extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 26.7%, which was 78.3% the strength of inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Serum glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, were significantly lower in the chamnamul group than in the HFHS group. Chamnamul extract significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver compared with the HFHS group. These findings suggest that chamnamul may be useful in prevention of hyperglycemia and reduction of oxidative stress in mice fed a HFHS diet.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidation and biological activities of 5 kinds of specialized crops (asparagus, aloe, curcumin, backnyuncho and garlic) cultivated in Namhae. All crops were freeze dried and then extracted with 10 folds of $60^{\circ}C$ hot-water, for 8 hours. Collected twice extracted water extract were also freeze dried. Dried extract samples were diluted with deionized water for examination. The total phenolics content was the highest observed in asparagus extract to $23.79{\pm}0.33mg/g$ and total flavonoids of aloe extract was the highest content $17.10{\pm}0.05mg/g$. In all samples, DPPH, ABTs and NO radical scavenging activity were depends on the concentration of the extract tended to increase. ABTs radical scavenging activity was the highest conducted $96.10{\pm}0.06%$ effect examined at $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ in asparagus hot-water extract. NO radical scavenging activity of hot-water extract from curcumin was the highest $250{\mu}g/mL$ concentration observed in $45.04{\pm}1.39%$. In all sample, tyrosinase activity was significantly inhibited with increasing of hot-water extract concentration. As a result, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in hot-water extract from backnyuncho on $31.38{\pm}0.94%$ at $250{\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiobesity activities of various color resources extracted from natural plants such as, clove, persimmon, gall nut, amur cork, gardenia, safflower, and annatto. Total phenolic content was the highest in gall nut extract (2,441.45 mg/kg) followed by clove extract (1,346.48 mg/kg). DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were also higher in gall nut extract. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$) was highest in persimmon extract ($22.83{\mu}g/mL$) followed by gall nut extract. ${\alpha}$-Amylase and lipase inhibitory activities were also higher in persimmon extract (49.45% and 61.01%, respectively). Lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was lower in persimmon, clove, and annatto extracts (81.54%, 83.36%, and 85.70% at $20{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). Triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 cells was lowest in clove extract (66.11%) followed by persimmon extract (88.88%). The results of this study suggest that gall nut extract has the highest antioxidant activity, whereas persimmon and clove extract show the antiobesity activities by inhibition of digestive enzymes and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. These extracts are useful materials for the development of antioxidant and antiobesity functional foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

In Korea, shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, is cultivated on artificial medium containing oak sawdust and wheat bran. The annual production of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of shiitake, a byproduct of the mushroom industry, is estimated to reach over 50,000 tons per year. This study aimed to improve the use of SMS as a novel bioresource. Hot water extracts of SMS after the first and third harvest were prepared and their bioactivities evaluated. Hot water extracts of uninoculated medium and shiitake were used as controls. Extracts of SMS showed higher radical scavenging of DPPH anions, ABTS cations, nitrites, and a higher reducing power than those of shiitake or medium extracts. After the first and third harvests at 0.5 mg/disc, SMS extracts showed no antibacterial or antifungal activities against the pathogenic and food-spoilage bacteria and fungi. However, they showed good inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase at 0.5 mg/ml. In addition, SMS extracts had strong anti-coagulation activities via their inhibition of thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors without platelet aggregation activity. Our results suggested SMS should no longer be perceived as a useless byproduct but should be understood as a novel bioresource, the extracts of which could be developed as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antithrombosis agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1393-1400
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• 2011

We investigated the mineral content and antioxidant activity of Portulaca oleracea for biological properties. Total mineral content was 6025.80 mg/100 g, and potassium was the highest at 3846.99 mg/100 g. Water and 80% ethanol extract yields were 14.84% and 24.93%, respectively. The contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of ethanol extract were 58.16 mg/g and 20.08 mg/g, and were significantly higher than that of its water extract (49.09 mg/g and 14.98 mg/g, respecitvely). Antioxidant activities and nitrite scavenging activity was significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and that of ethanol extract was higher than that of the water extract. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibition activity of ethanol extract was significantly higher than the water extract as well. We suggest that the biological properties of Portulaca oleracea are due to its mineral and phenolic contents.