• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

Purpose: Preeclampsia is a multisystem human pregnancy-specific disorder. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is linked with over-stimulation of inflammatory cytokines by placental ischemia via reduced uterine perfusion pressure during pregnancy. Although an increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been reported in preeclamptic women, there is little evidence of a relationship between TNF-alpha gene variations and preeclampsia. In this study, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C-850T, in the TNF-alpha gene promoter region in Korean preeclamptic women and investigated the association between this SNP and the development of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This polymorphism was analyzed in peripheral blood samples from 198 preeclamptic pregnancies and 194 normotensive pregnancies using a SNapShot kit and an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic analyzer. Results: Genotypes and allele frequencies for C-850T did not differ between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. The distributions of genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were 74.3%, 22.2% and 3.5%, respectively, in preeclamptic pregnancies, and 71.6%, 25.8% and 2.6%, respectively, in normotensive pregnancies. The frequencies of the C and T alleles were 0.85 and 0.15 in preeclamptic pregnancies and 0.84 and 0.16 in normotensive pregnancies, respectively. There was no increased risk of preeclampsia in subjects with the CT (OR, 0.83; P=0.44) or TT genotypes (OR, 1.32; P=0.64). Conclusion: We found no differences in the genotypes or allele frequencies of the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. This study suggests that the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism may be not associated with the development of preeclampsia in pregnant Korean women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2004

$\alpha$-Chloromethylnaphthalene is a valuable compound for obtaining of the plant growing stimulator - $\alpha$-napthylacetic acid. Chloromethylation of naphthalene by paraformaldehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids at temperature 80-85$^{\circ}C$ and duration - 6 hours the $\alpha$-chloromethyl-naphthalene yield was 55-57%. Using Box-Wilson method for mathematical planning of experiment carried out optimization of its synthesis for purpose increasing $\alpha$-chloromethylnaphthalene yield. Preliminary, one - factor experiments were carried out for selecting independence main parameters influencing on the synthesis. A full factor experiment of 2$^3$with extended matrix of planning was used for optimization. Aiming to increase the $\alpha$-chloromethylnaphthalene yield, the obtained mathematical model was used for program of sharp raising on the reply surface. The received optimal conditions for the $\alpha$-chloromethylnaphthalene synthesis were selected as following: molar ratio of naphthalene - parapfsormaldehyde of 1 : 2; temperature -105$^{\circ}C$; duration of the reaction -3 hours. The yield of $\alpha$-chloromethylnaphthalene under these optimal conditions was 75 %.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-21
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• 1990

The crystal structure of Bithionol, $C_{12}H_6Cl_4O_2S$, has been determined from X-ray intensity data measured by Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer using graphite-monochromatized $Mo-K\alpha$ radiation. The crystal data as follows; triclinic space group P{\bar{1}}$, a = 8.879(2), b = 10.782(1), c = 8.511(1)${\AA}$, ${\alpha}$ = 115.43(1), ${\beta}$ = 115.22(1), ${\gamma}\;=\;74.44^{\circ}(1)$. ${\mu}\;=\;9.51\;cm^{-1}$, F(000) = 356, Z = 2. Final R value is 0.036 for independent 2669 observed reflections. Each six-membered benzene rings are coplanar within experimesntal errors and the dihedral angle between these planes is $81.28^{\circ}$ (1). The S-(1) and S-C(7) distances are 1.787(2) and 1.791(3)${\AA}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.743-748
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• 2009

In 1970, Fernique proved that there is a positive real number $\alpha$ such that $\int_{\mathbb{B}}\exp\{\alpha{\parallel}x{\parallel}^{2}\}dP(x)$ is finite where ($\mathbb{B},\;P$) is an abstract Wiener measure space and ${\parallel}\;{\cdot}\;{\parallel}$ is a measurable norm on ($\mathbb{B},\;P$) in [2, 3]. In this article, we investigate the existence of the integral $\int_{c}\exp\{\alpha(sup_t{\mid}x(t){\mid})^p\}dm_{\varphi}(x)$ where ($\mathcal{C}$, $m_{\varphi}$) is the analogue of Wiener measure space and p and $\alpha$ are both positive real numbers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 1999

Acceplor reaction of glucosyltr~ansferase of Streptococcus ,SO~~-~IZLIS with f ~ ~ t o ~ y l o l i g o ~ a ~ ~ h a r i d e ~ was studied for the biosynthesis of novel olgisaccharides. First, bacilracin resistant mutants were selected by mutagenesis of Streptococcus sobrimis ATCC27351. Among these mutants 4 strains were selected by resistance to bacitracin and increase of glucosyltransferase. Acceptor reaction of maltose was analyzed by TLC and image analysis. There were differences in the specificity of the acceptor reaclion by Ule glucosylumsferase between mother strain (Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC2735) and bacitracin resistant mutants (Streptococcus sobrinus BR24C, Strepfococcus sobrinus CH-5). Molher strain did ilot show an acceptor reaction with fructosyloligosaccharides such as 1-keqtose and nystose. Acceptor reaction products of turailose and 1-kestose with glucosyltransferase (GW-S) of Streptococcus sobrini~s BR24C were TEX>\6^{3}$-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranosyl \3^{2}$-O-$\alpha$-D-fructose (glucose-fructose-glucose) and \6^{4}$-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranosyl \1^{3}$-$\beta$-D-~-h~ctofuranos~~ sucrose (glucose-glucosefructose- fructose). respectively These are novel oligosaccharides which can be produced only by enzymatic reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.659-668
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• 2000

Let's $S_n(p,\alpha)(p,n\in\ N={1,2,3,\cdots},0\leq\ \alpha<1)$ denote tje c;ass pf fimctopms $f(z)=z^p+a_{p+z}z^{p+n}+\cdots$ which are $\rho$-valently starlike of order $\alpha$ in the unit disk.Some criteria for a function f(z) to be in the class $S_n(\rho,\alpha)$ are given.

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2001

전위활성화 칼슘통로를 통한 칼슘이온의 세포 내 유입은 근육수축, 시냅스 전달, 호르몬 분비, 효소의 활성도 및 유전자 발현을 조절한다. 이와 같이 중요한 생리적 기능을 조절하기 때문에 칼슘통로를 대상으로 한 다방면의 연구가 과거 20년간 활발히 진행되어 왔다 칼슘통로는 $\alpha$1, $\alpha$2-$\delta$, $\beta$로 구성되어 있으며, 이 중 $\alpha$1은 칼슘통로의 일반적 특성을 나타내는 기본 구조체이며, $\alpha$2-$\delta$와 $\beta$는 $\alpha$1을 조절하는 보조 기능을 한다. 지금까지 10개의 $\alpha$1 subunits(L-형: $\alpha$1S, $\alpha$1C, $\alpha$1D, $\alpha$1F; non-L-형: $\alpha$1A, a1B, $\alpha$1E; T-형: $\alpha$1G, $\alpha$1H, $\alpha$1I), 4종류의 $\beta$ subunits, 3 종류의 $\alpha$2-$\delta$ subunits가 클로닝되었으며, 이들 클론을 이용한 분자 수준에서의 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논단에서는 칼슘통로의 구조, 기능 및 조절에 대한 연구가 전기생리학적, 분자생물학적 및 약리학적 방법을 사용하여 어떻게 수행되어왔는지 살펴보고, 최근 연구성과에 대해서도 소개하고자 한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.510-522
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• 2008

To construct the molecular systematics of the genus Megoura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), DNA based-identification was performed using four mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA regions: partial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), partial tRNA-leucine + cytochrome c oxidase II (tRNA/COII), cytochrome b (CytB), partial 12S rRNA + tRNA-valine + 16S rRNA (12S/16S), elongation factor-1 alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2). Pairwise sequence divergences between taxa were compared, and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on each DNA region separately, and the combined datasets. COI, CytB, $EF1{\alpha}$, ITS1, and ITS2 were relatively effective in determining species and resolving their relationships. By contrast, the sequences of tRNA/COII and 12S/16S were not able to separate the closely related species. CytB and $EF1{\alpha}$ gave better resolution with higher average sequence divergences (4.7% for CytB, 5.2% for $EF1{\alpha}$). The sequence divergence of COI (3.0%) was moderate, and those of the two ITS regions (1.8% for ITS1, 2.0% for ITS2) were very low. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that the phylogenetic relationships between Megoura species were associated with their host preferences. Megoura brevipilosa and M. lespedezae living on Lespedeza were closely related, and M. nigra, monophagous on Vicia venosa, was rather different from M. crassicauda, M. litoralis, and M. viciae, which are oligophagous on Lathyrus and Vicia. The three populations of M. crassicauda formed a clade separated from M. litoralis and M. viciae. Nevertheless M. litoralis and M. viciae, which are morphologically similar, were not separated due to negligible sequence divergence. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of the Megoura, and the usefulness of the seven DNA regions for determining the species level phylogeny of aphids.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.22-26
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• 1978

It is shown that a map having an extension to an open map between the Alex-androff base compactifications of its domain and range has a unique such extension. J.S. Wasileski has introduced the Alexandroff base compactifications of Hausdorff spaces endowed with Alexandroff bases. We introduce a definition of morphism between such spaces to obtain a category which we denote by ABC. We prove that the Alexandroff base compactification on objects can be extended to a functor on ABC and that the compact objects give an epireflective subcategory of ABC. For each topological space X there exists a completely regular space $\alpha$X and a surjective continuous function $\alpha$$_{x}$ : Xlongrightarrow$\alpha$X such that for each completely regular space Z and g$\in$C (X, Z) there exists a unique g$\in$C($\alpha$X, 2) with g=g$^{\circ}$$\beta$$_{x}$. Such a pair ($\alpha$$_{x}$, $\alpha$X) is called a completely regularization of X. Let TOP be the category of topological spaces and continuous functions and let CREG be the category of completely regular spaces and continuous functions. The functor $\alpha$ : TOPlongrightarrowCREG is a completely regular reflection functor. For each topological space X there exists a compact Hausdorff space $\beta$X and a dense continuous function $\beta$x : Xlongrightarrow$\beta$X such that for each compact Hausdorff space K and g$\in$C (X, K) there exists a uniqueg$\in$C($\beta$X, K) with g=g$^{\circ}$$\beta$$_{x}$. Such a pair ($\beta$$_{x}$, $\beta$X) is called a Stone-Cech compactification of X. Let COMPT$_2$ be the category of compact Hausdorff spaces and continuous functions. The functor $\beta$ : TOPlongrightarrowCOMPT$_2$ is a compact reflection functor. For each topological space X there exists a realcompact space (equation omitted) and a dense continuous function (equation omitted) such that for each realcompact space Z and g$\in$C(X, 2) there exists a unique g$\in$C (equation omitted) with g=g$^{\circ}$(equation omitted). Such a pair (equation omitted) is called a Hewitt's realcompactification of X. Let RCOM be the category of realcompact spaces and continuous functions. The functor (equation omitted) : TOPlongrightarrowRCOM is a realcompact refection functor. In [2], D. Harris established the existence of a category of spaces and maps on which the Wallman compactification is an epirefiective functor. H. L. Bentley and S. A. Naimpally [1] generalized the result of Harris concerning the functorial properties of the Wallman compactification of a T$_1$-space. J. S. Wasileski [5] constructed a new compactification called Alexandroff base compactification. In order to fix our notations and for the sake of convenience. we begin with recalling reflection and Alexandroff base compactification.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 1984

For the eventual alcohol production from uncooked starch, an efficient saccharification process was examined by using the combined action of steeping, pectin depolymerase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and glucoamylase. The total sugar content of rice, sweet potato and tapioka used were 4.53, 4.26, and 3.92 mmole/g sample. $70\;{\pm}\;10%$ of the total sugar was hydrolyzed when cooked starch was saccharified under the condition which is currently used in industry. The smaller starch particle was used, the more saccharification was obtained. Efficient saccharification was obtained by treatment with 5% $H_2SO_4$ (sample: working volume = 1:2) at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr. Optimization was carried out for the saccharification of uncooked starch by the combined action of pectin depolymerase, ${\alpha}-amylase$, and glucoamylase. The conditions are: pectin depolymerase; pH 4.5, $45^{\circ}C$, 2 hr, ${\alpha}-amylase$; pH 6.0, $60^{\circ}C$, 1 hr, and glucoamylase; pH 3.5, $60^{\circ}C$, 1 hr. Simultaneous treatment of the combined action of macerating, liquifying and saccharifying enzymes yielded better result than stepwise treatment of 3 enzymes. Degrees of saccharification of uncooked tapioka, rice and sweet potato were 82, 90.5, and 84.5%, respectively on the basis of total sugar, under the optimized conditions.