• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 1999

The metabolism of testosterone ($17{\beta}$-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one) was confirmed in horse after a single intramuscular administration of testosterone cypionate (750 mg). Solvent extracts of urine obtained with enzymatic hydrolysis and methanolysis were analyzed by GC/MS after oxime t-butyldimethylsilyl (oxime-TBDMS) derivatization. The structures of four urinary metabolite after testosterone administration in horse were determined based on EI mass spectra and $5{\alpha}$-androstane-$3{\beta}$, $17{\alpha}$-diol and $5{\alpha}$-androstane-$3{\beta}$-ol-17-one as major was confirmed with authentic standard. Also the concentrations of $5{\alpha}$-androstane-$3{\beta}$, $17{\alpha}$-diol, $5{\alpha}$-androstane-$3{\beta}$, $17{\beta}$-diol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), $5{\alpha}$-androstane-$3{\beta}$-ol-17-one and testosterone were determined in the urine of normal subjects and the urine after administration. The recovery and detection limit in the most drugs were 86.3~94.7% and 1~3 ppb, respectively. Correlation coefficients for calibration were in the range of 0.984~0.999. Excretion profile of testosterone presents the rapid and large increasement up to maximum values at days 5 after administration and the slow regression. The relative ratios of testosterone, its metabolites over DHEA were determined for indication of testosterone administration in horse doping.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2003

To produce antibodies against Pseudomonas tolaasii and P. agarici, lyophilized P. tolaasii and P. agarici ($5{\times}10^7$ cfu/ml) and Freund, s adjuvant were immunized into rabbits 4 times. The specificity and sensitivity of the antibodies were evaluated by immunodiffusion test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (id ELISA). The ${\alpha}$-P. tolaasii antibody was very specific only against P. tolaasii, while ${\alpha}$-P. agarici antibody was not specific and showed a high cross reactivity toward P. tolaasii with detection limit concentration of $2{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml. However, the cross reactivities of ${\alpha}$-P. agarici antibody toward the related species including P. reactans were very low. Our results showed that ${\alpha}$-P. tolaasii and ${\alpha}$-P. agarici antibodies against P. tolaasii and P. agarici, respectively, might be useful for rapid and simple detection of the causal agents of bacterial brown and yellow blotches in cultivated oyster mushrooms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

This study aimed to simultaneously determine various carotenoids from different colored paprika using an ultra performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) equipped with a HSS T3 column. Analysis was performed at 450 nm using gradient conditions with acetonitrile/methanol/methylene chloride (65/25/10) and distilled water. We improved the peak resolution and performed carotenoid analysis within 30 min. We qualitatively analyzed 11 carotenoids (neoxanthin, capsorubin, violaxanthin, capsanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, ${\alpha}$-cryptoxanthin, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, ${\alpha}$-carotene, and ${\beta}$-carotene). For the validation of UPLC methods, we validated the precision and accuracy of capsanthin. Capsanthin showed good linearity ($R^2$=0.9998) in the concentration range of $1-200{\mu}g/mL$ with 2.4 and $7.2{\mu}g/mL$ of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra- and inter-day precision was less than 3.83%. Recovery was in the range of 91.86-99.87%. We quantitatively analyzed carotenoid contents from 8 different colored paprika (red, orange, yellow, and green). The most abundant carotenoids were capsanthin in red paprika, and zeaxanthin in orange, yellow, and green paprika.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2009

This study aimed to investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) attenuate brain injury and facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male ICR mice were anesthetized and systemically administered Rose Bengal. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold light laser. The animals were treated with fluoxetine or sertraline once a day for 14 d starting 1 h after ischemic insult. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline significantly reduced the infarct size. The Evans blue extravasation indices of the fluoxetine- and sertraline-treated groups were significantly lower than that of the vehicle group. Treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline shifted the lower limit of the mean arterial blood pressure for cerebral blood flow autoregulation toward normal, and significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ${\alpha}$ (HIF-1 ${\alpha}$) proteins in the ischemic region. These results suggest that SSRIs, such as fluoxetine and sertraline, facilitate recovery following photothrombotic cortical ischemia via enhancement of HO-1 and HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ proteins expression, thereby providing a benefit in therapy of cerebral ischemia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.322-327
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• 2013

The ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 form heterodimers that limit absorption of dietary sterols in the intestine and promote cholesterol elimination from the body through hepatobiliary secretion. To identify cis-regulatory elements of the two genes, we have cloned and analyzed twenty-three evolutionary conserved region (ECR) fragments using the CMV-luciferase reporter system in HepG2 cells. Two ECRs were found to be responsive to the Liver-X-Receptor (LXR). Through elaborate deletion studies, regions containing putative LXREs were identified and the binding of $LXR{\alpha}$ was demonstrated by EMSA and ChIP assay. When the LXREs were inserted upstream of the intergenic promoter, synergistic activation by $LXR{\alpha}/RXR{\alpha}$ in combination with GATA4, $HNF4{\alpha}$, and LRH-1, which had been shown to bind to the intergenic region, was observed. In conclusion, we have identified two LXREs in ABCG5/ABCG8 genes for the first time and propose that these LXREs, especially in the ECR20, play major roles in regulating these genes.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.384-388
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• 1999

We have used high pH anion-exchange chromatography to analyze low level (below $20{\mu}M$) $\alpha$-D-glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) that can be used as a cytostatic compound, an antibiotic, and immunosuppressive drug. Our chromatographic method afforded excellent peak resolution and seletivity for glucose-6-phosphate and various maltooligosaccharides as well as G-1-P. The pulsed amperometric detector yielded linear response on G-1-P ranging from 2 - $20{\mu}M$, giving slope of $4.8{\times}10^4$(peak area/${\mu}M$). The detection limit was $2{\mu}M$. This method was applied to the purification of thermophilic $\alpha$-glucan phosphorylase from Thermus caldophilus. The technique will be extremely useful in future studies concerning carbohydrate metabolism in living organisms.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 1991

We examined to develop the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of zearalenone in animal feeds. Zearalenone was first converted to 6'-(carboxymethyl) zearalenone oxime(zearalenone oxime) to get a coupling site and then conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) for use as immunogen and to horseradish peroxidase(HRP) for use as enzyme marker. Antibody against zearalenone was obtained after 11 weeks of immunization of rabbit with zearalenone oxime-BSA. Cross reactivity of the antibody with ${\alpha}-zearalanol,\;{\beta}-zearalenol,\;{\alpha}-zearalanol\;and\;{\beta}-zearalanol$ were 168, 46, 26 and 20% respectiviely. A simple procedure was devised for the screening of zearalenone in feeds using ELISA. Feeds samples(5g) were extracted by blending with 25 ml of methanol-phospate butTered saline-dimethylformate(70 : 29 : 1) and the extract was filtered and aqueous filterate analyzed. It took only 1 hours to do whole procedure for the analysis of zearalenone in feeds by the direct competitive ELISA, and detectable limit was 1-100 ppb. Using this procedure, only 4 of 24 feed samples showed positive results with 3.93-7.43 ppb levels.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 1974

One hundred and twenty-five samples comprising thirteen vegetables harvested in 1971 were collected and subjected to GLC analysis, for ${\alpha}-and\;{\gamma}-BHC$ residues, using ECD. Heavy dependence on the technical BHC, instead of Lindane, was amply reflected on the BHC residues-residues of ${\alpha}-BHC$, depending on the vegetables, amounted to $2{\sim}7$ times that of ${\gamma}-BHC$. In spite of extensive contamination by the BHC isomers, residue levels of ${\gamma}-BHC$ were less than 0.015 ppm in all vegetables and were far less than the tolerence limit of $0{\sim}3.0ppm$ recommended jointly by the FAO and WHO.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.1025-1050
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• 2007

Let $X_k(x)=({\int}^T_o{\alpha}_1(s)dx(s),...,{\int}^T_o{\alpha}_k(s)dx(s))\;and\;X_{\tau}(x)=(x(t_1),...,x(t_k))$ on the classical Wiener space, where ${{\alpha}_1,...,{\alpha}_k}$ is an orthonormal subset of $L_2$ [0, T] and ${\tau}:0 is a partition of [0, T]. In this paper, we establish a change of scale formula for conditional Wiener integrals $E[G_{\gamma}|X_k]$ of functions on classical Wiener space having the form $$G_{\gamma}(x)=F(x){\Psi}({\int}^T_ov_1(s)dx(s),...,{\int}^T_o\;v_{\gamma}(s)dx(s))$$, for $F{\in}S\;and\;{\Psi}={\psi}+{\phi}({\psi}{\in}L_p(\mathbb{R}^{\gamma}),\;{\phi}{\in}\hat{M}(\mathbb{R}^{\gamma}))$, which need not be bounded or continuous. Here S is a Banach algebra on classical Wiener space and $\hat{M}(\mathbb{R}^{\gamma})$ is the space of Fourier transforms of measures of bounded variation over $\mathbb{R}^{\gamma}$. As results of the formula, we derive a change of scale formula for the conditional Wiener integrals $E[G_{\gamma}|X_{\tau}]\;and\;E[F|X_{\tau}]$. Finally, we show that the analytic Feynman integral of F can be expressed as a limit of a change of scale transformation of the conditional Wiener integral of F using an inversion formula which changes the conditional Wiener integral of F to an ordinary Wiener integral of F, and then we obtain another type of change of scale formula for Wiener integrals of F.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43.2-43.2
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• 2015

The massive limit of black holes (BHs) is observed as present day ten billion solar masses. We search for observational signatures of BHs that become extremely massive (EMBHs, 1-10 billion solar masses). I will report on the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) through the growth of BH mass and their dust emission strength. First, we measured 26 EMBH masses of quasars at 1