• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.323-334
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate intakes of macronutrients and antioxidant vitamins according to the Hansik consumption rate among Korean adults. Methods: Using data from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 33,069 subjects aged over 19 years old were included in this study. We estimated individual daily Hansik consumption rates and intakes of macronutrients and antioxidant vitamins, including vitamin A and its subgroup such as retinol, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, and vitamin E, by linking food consumption data with the nutrient and antioxidant vitamin database of commonly consumed foods. Results: Around 75% of subjects consumed Hansik in over 75% of their daily total consumed food. The most frequently consumed Hansik was cabbage kimchi (1.57 times/day), followed by multigrain rice (0.86 times/day) and white rice (0.80 times/day). The household income level and education level was inversely associated with the Hansik consumption rate. There was a positive relationship between Hansik consumption rate and vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C intakes. On the other hand, Hansik consumption rate was inversely associated with energy and fat intake. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Hansik consumption could provide more antioxidant vitamins and less energy and fat. Thus, further research will be needed to analyze the association between Hansik and health effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1942-1947
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• 2014

Nutritional compositions of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) cultivars, such as Otumsense, Chiak, and Skinny green, were investigated as high value-added food substances. Among minerals, K content of three cultivars was the highest, and P, Ca, and Na contents were relatively higher than those of other minerals. Contents of essential amino acids were analyzed as follows: Otumsense (198.48 mg/100 g), Chiak (413.50 mg/100 g), and Skinny green (270.07 mg/100 g). Total amino acids of Chiak were the highest among the three cultivars, and major amino acids of the three cultivars were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Analysis of fatty acids showed that major fatty acids were palmitic acid as a saturated fatted acid and ${\alpha}$-linoleic acid as an unsaturated fatty acid in the three cultivars. Glucose and fructose were major free sugar constituents in the three cultivars. Total free sugar content of Otumsense was relatively higher than others. Finally, niacin and vitamin $B_6$ of Skinny green (1.55 mg/100 g, 1.92 mg/100 g) were the highest among the cultivars. However, ${\beta}$-carotene as a vitamin A precursor ($3.82{\mu}g/100g$) and vitamin C as a natural antioxidant substance (47.18 mg/100 g) of Otumsense cultivar were the highest.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 1998

Vegetables are known to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants such as ascorbate, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\beta$-carotene, and flavinoids. The antioxidant activities of several vegetables including broccoli, carrot , green pepper, spinach and tomato, and their blends were investigated using various iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation systems. In linoleic acid micelles, carrot and spinach significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 29.0% and 35.8% , respectively (p<0.05).Blends of two, three , or four vegetables indluding spinach increased the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, mainly due to high level of antioxidants in spinach. In beef homogenates, tomato significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 19.9%(p<0.05), whereas spinach and broccoli significantly stimulated lipid peroxidation by 67.3% and 11.5%, respectively (p<0.05). In the presence of 100$\mu$M ferrous ions, all vegetables inhibited degradation of deoxy-ribose by 43.6~77.6%(p<0.05). In the presence of 100$\mu$M ferric ions , broccoli and spinach stimulated deoxyribose degradation by 39.8% and 55.8%, respectively. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of vegetables varied with the different model systems and depended on the provided environment such as iron content and substrates. The activity of the various combinations (blends) of vegetables was strongly related to that of the individual vegetable.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2004

The purpose of this project was to evaluate whether daily fruit juice consumption could reduce the DNA damage in healthy subjects. The study was performed using 67 healthy volunteers (29 smokers, 38 nonsmokers) who were supple-mented with 480 m1 of grape juice for 8 weeks. Eight weeks of grape juice consumption did not change any anthropometric parameters. Lymphocyte DNA damage before the study was significantly greater (p<0.05) in smoker than nonsmoker, but, grape juice consumption significantly reduced DNA damage in both smoker (26%) and nonsmoker (I7%) to the level where there was no difference remained between the two groups after the intervention trial. This preventive effect of grape juice against DNA damage was not affected by sex of the subjects in non-smokers. Plasma $\alpha$-carotene, Iyco-pene and ${\gamma}$-totopherol was significantly increased after the trial in smokers, while erythrocyte catalase was significan-tly increased in both smokers and nonsmokers. Total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) level in all subjects was significantly reduced after the intervention, while GSH-Px activity was increased only in nonsmokers. These results suggests that daily consumption of grape juice may protect DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes, and supports the hypothesis that grape juice might exert their effect partially via a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA in humans partly by improving their antioxidative defense system.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2018

Berries and branches essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea were obtained by electromagnetic induction heating assisted extraction and by hydrodistillation with a yield varied from ($1.2{\pm}0.3$ to $2.4{\pm}0.7%$) and from ($0.6{\pm}0.1%$ to $1.1{\pm}0.1%$), respectively. forty eight compounds were identified representing (97.2 - 99.7%) of the oil. ${\alpha}$-Pinene (40.3 - 67.8%) and ${\delta}$-3-carene (13.5 - 26.8%) were the main compounds in berries and branches essential oils. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by three means: inhibition of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, reducing power and ${\beta}$-Carotene/linoleic acid bleaching. The antioxidant activity of essential oils showed $IC_{50}$ ranging from $67.6{\pm}1.02{\mu}g/mL$ to $131.5{\pm}0.8{\mu}g/mL$ for berries and from $98{\pm}1.25{\mu}g/mL$ to $166.8{\pm}0.29{\mu}g/mL$ for the branches. Berries oil show more potent antioxidant activity compared to branches. This result is supported by the three methods investigated in this work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 1996

어류의 carotenoid에 관한 비교 생화학적 연구의 일환으로서 잉어아과에 속하는 납지리와 줄납자루의 표피와 난의 carotenoid 조성을 비교 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 납지리와 줄납자루 표피의 총 carotenoid 함량은 납지리 수컷 2.3mg%, 납지리 암컷 1.1mg%, 줄납자루 수컷 1.9mg%, 줄납자루 암컷 0.8mg%로 나타나 수컷 표피의 총 carotenoid 함량이 암컷 표피보다 다소 높았다. 표피의 carotenoid 조성은 lutein, lutein epoxide, tunaxanthin, zeaxanthin, triol 이 주성분을 이루었고 그외, $\beta-carotene,$ $\alpha-cryptoxantinm$ cyn-thiaxantin 이 함유되어 있었다. 납지리 수컷의 표피에는 줄납자루 수컷에 비해 lutein의 함량치가 높았고 줄납자루 수컷의 경우는 납지리 수컷이 비해 lutein epoxide와 tunaxanthin의 함량치가 높았다. 그리고 납지리 암컷을 표피에는 줄납자루 dkat에 비해 lutein epoxide 함량치가 높았도 줄납자루 암컷의 표피에는 납자리 와 줄납자루 난의 총 carotenoid 함량은 납지리 1.8mg%, 와 줄납자루 2.5mg%로 표피와는 달리 줄납자루 난의 함량치가 높았다. 납지리와 줄납자루 난의 carotenoid 조성은 다 같이 lutein, lutein epoxid 가 주성분을 이루었고 그외 triol은 표피에 비해 적게 함유되어 있었다. 동일한 잉어아과의 납지리와 줄납자루의 표피 및 나의 carotenoid 조성은 서로 유사함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 2021

This study evaluated the biological activity and cytoprotective effect of guava (Psidium guajava L.) branch against oxidative stress. The contents of vitamin C, beta-carotene, total carotenoids, quercetin and catechin determined were 26.783, 43.676, 65.083, 58.245, and 8.309 mg/100 g, respectively. To measure antioxidant activity, the guava branch was extracted using various concentrations of ethanol (60, 80, or 100%) and water. The highest content of polyphenols (0.245 mg gallic acid equivalent/mg residue) and flavonoids (0.128 mg cathechin equivalent/mg residue) was found in the 100% ethanol extract of the branch (E100). Moreover, E100 also possessed the highest radical scavenging activities and showed the highest inhibition rate of α-glucosidase (77.692%). E100 was the most effective extract to impart cytoprotectant activity against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results determine the promising antioxidant activity of guava branch, and indicate the potential to be applied as a natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Cancer is the first leading cause of death in Korea and the second leading cause of death in the USA. There is extensive research into prevention of cancer and the support of oncology patients with diet or dietary supplements. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have indicated that antioxidants, including beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, can yield anti-cancer effects in addition to providing protection against oxidative damage. Although many observational studies have shown that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of some cancers, the results of several large-scale human intervention trials testing the benefits of a single or combined higher-dose of individual micronutrients have been inconsistent. Cancer can cause profound metabolic and physiological changes which may affect patients' nutrient requirements. Although the optimal route of nutrient delivery is through diet, cancer patients often suffer symptoms that disrupt their food intake, including anorexia, premature satiety, altered taste and smell, and changes in bowel mobility. In particular, micronutrient deficits can slow postoperative healing, contribute to depression symptoms, and decrease immune competence. Cancer patients are generally motivated to take dietary supplements to improve responses to treatment and quality of life. The Physician's Health Study II (PHS II) randomized controlled trial reported recently that daily multivitamin supplementation significantly, albeit modestly, reduced the risk of total cancer. Although evidence of multivitamin use benefits is limited in cancer patients, taking dietary supplements with constituents in the range of the recommended daily allowance according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation is generally considered to be safe.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2001

Body antioxidant status is an important factor for the prevention of many chronic diseases in the elderly. This study was done to evaluate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins of the elderly by determining their intakes and plasma levels. It was also aimed to compare daily intakes and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins by sex of age. Subjects were 225 elderly persons aged over 60 years old (63 males, 162 females) living in Ulsan area. Subjects were divided by groups according to age(＜ 65, 65－74, 75) and sex. Dietary Intakes were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires(FFQ). Plasma Vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and plasma levels of vitamin E, A and ${\beta}$-carotene were measured by HFLC. The average intakes of vitamin C were 104.9g(150% of RDA) and 104.4g(149％ of RDA) in the elder1y males and females, respectively. Vitamin C intake of the elderly was significantly decreased by aging but not different by sex. The average intakes of vitamin A were 678$\mu\textrm{g}$RE(96.9% of RDA) and 604$\mu\textrm{g}$:RE(86.2% of RDA) in elderly males and females, respectively. The average levels of Plasma vitamin C were 6.22mg/L and 11.45mg/L in the elderly males and females, respectively. Those levels are within normal range(6-20mg/L). However the percentage of the elderly males with deficiency(＜ 2mg/L) and marginal level(2-4mg/L) of vitamin C were 27.4% and 16.1%, respectively. Plasma retinaol levels were 0.39mg/L for the elderly males and 0.37mg/L for the elderly females, which were within normal range. But the percentage of subjects with marginal level were 28% ill both males and females. Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels of the elderly were lower than normal range(5-12mg/L). Plasma levels of vitamin C, E and ${\beta}$-carotene, except retinol, were significantly higher in the elderly females compared to males and showed significant decrease by aging.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigated the anti-aging and anti-wrinkles effects of the pinus koreaiensis seed(PKS) oil. Methods : The anti-oxidant effect was performed by beta-carotene bleaching assay and the intracellular proteome was analyzed expression of each 15 proteins by 2-D electrophoresis. And fatty acid was analysed by gas chromatography. Anti-wrinkle effect was analyzing human skin by the PRIMOS system. Results : Fatty acid analysis of PKS oil has shown oleic acid was 49.7% and linoleic acid was 34.1%. And the antioxidant effect was about 125% compared with alpha-tocoperol(0.1%) by beta carotene bleaching assay. In 2D PAGE analysis, fifteen protein changes in five mechanisms which was collagen synthesis pathway, MMPs, ECM-cell interaction, cytokine, antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. In case of anti-wrinkle effect was proved in vivo by analyzing human skin by the PRIMOS system. The analysis results of eye wrinkles for 4 weeks showed an improvement effect of over 6%. Conclusions : In this study, the amount of protein change in the five mechanism through the cell experiment and the skin anti wrinkle efficacy by the human in vivo test were investigated. As a result pinus koreaiensis seed oil by supercritical extraction could be used as a anti-aging and anti-wrinkle substance for the skin.