• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6491-6499
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• 2015

Background: Red-fleshed sweet orange juice (ROJ) comes from a new variety of citrus cultivated in Brazil that contains high levels of ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, and similar amounts of hesperidin (HSP) and nutrients, equivalently to blond orange juice (BOJ). Such bioactive compounds are associated with chemopreventive actions in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion after BOJ, ROJ, and HSP treatment of a novel T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Loucy. Materials and Methods: Loucy cells were incubated for 24-h with BOJ, ROJ, and HSP, and the viability was measured using trypan blue. Cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, respectively. Secretion of cytokines $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL1-{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, $IFN{\gamma}$, $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}$, $MIP{\alpha}$, and $MIP{\beta}$ was determined by ELISA array. Results: BOJ and ROJ treatments promoted Loucy cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, BOJ induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and decreased the cell accumulation in the G2/M. ROJ decreased only the G0/G1 fraction, while HSP did not change the cell cycle. BOJ led to apoptosis in a different fashion of ROJ, while the first treatment induced apoptosis by increase of late apoptosis and primary necrotic fractions, the second increased early and late apoptosis, and primary necrotic fraction compared to positive controls. HSP had no effect on apoptosis. IL-6 and IL-10 were abrogated by all treatments. Conclusions: Taking together, these results suggest potential chemopreventive effects of BOJ and ROJ on Loucy cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.858-864
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• 1999

육제품의 품질 개선을 위한 감마선 조사의 효과를 평가하기 위하여, 감마선 조사된 우육을 이용하여 유화형 소시지(bologna sausage)를 제조하였고, 항산화제와 감마선 조사를 병용처리하여 재구성 육제품인 햄버거 패티를 제조하였다. 3 kGy의 감마선 조사를 이용하여 기존의 첨가량에 비해 낮은 함량의 소금(1.2%)과 인산염(0.2­~0.3%)을 함유한 bologna sausage를 제조할 수 있었다. 또한, 3 kGy의 감마선을 이용하여 bologna sausage의 저장성에 있어서도 $10^{\circ}C$에서 30일 저장까지 어떠한 호기성 미생물의 생육도 검출되지 않았다. 햄버거 패티 제조시 BHA, ascorbyl palmitate, ${\alpha}-tocopherol,\;or\;{\beta}-carotene$을 200ppm 수준으로 첨가하여 제조된 최종제품에서 3 kGy의 감마선 조사는 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장 30일째까지 호기성 미생물의 생육이 발견되지 않았으며, 항산화제의 첨가로 감마선 조사에 의한 햄버거 패티의 지방산패를 억제시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 1999

자체 제작한 고전압 펄스 전기장 장치를 이용하여 당근주스의 주요 변패 미생물인 대장균(Escherichia coli)의 불활성에 미치는 전기장 세기, 처리시간, 온도 등을 관찰하고 품질변화에 관하여 연구하였다. E. coli의 불활성에 필요한 최소 전기장세기인 임계전기장 세기(Ec)는 11.74 kV/cm, 최소처리시간(tc)는 $3.6{\mu}s$이었다. 사멸효과는 전기장의 세기가 클수록, 처리시간이 길수록 그리고 처리온도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 당근주스의 pH, 가용성 고형분 $(^{\circ}Brix)$, 적정산도는 거의 변화가 없었다. 색도는 50^{\circ}$ 열병합 PEF처리 주스만이 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 다른 처리구들은 변화가 거의 없었다. ${\alpha},\;{\beta}-carotene$의 함량도 거의 변화가 없었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.728-734
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• 1997

Plasma carotenoid levels were compared among 64 healthy male subjects (control) and 38 patients of ischemic heart disease(IHD) and 20 ones of cerebral infarction(CI) all of whom were over 50years of age. Another 98 healthy male subjects aged 23 to 58 were selected to compare their plasma carotenoid levels by age groups, Levels of lutein ,zeaxanthin and crpytoxanthin were lower in IHD(34$\pm$2, 13$\pm$1 and 62$\pm$7$\mu g$/dl)and CI(36$\pm$3, 12$\pm$2 and 41$\pm$6$\mu g$/dl)patient groups than in control group (84$\pm$5, 16$\pm$2 and 69$\pm$3$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) while those of lycopene, $\alpha$-and $\beta$-carotene varied little among the three groups. The sum of the six carotenoid levels were levels were, therefore,highest(205$\pm$14$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) in the control group followed by IHD(155$\pm$15$\mu g$/dl) and CI(128$\pm$17$\mu g$/dl) patient groups, Among the 98 healthy male subject for the age group study, levels of the three major carotenoids increased with age from the twenties to the fifities ; lutein, from 64$\pm$6 to 89$\pm$8$\mu g$/dl, cryptoxanthin, 57$\pm$8 to 73$\pm$4$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl and $\beta$-carotene were more significantly correlated(r=0.30 to 0.61, p<0.01), whereas levels of lycopene and $\alpha$-caroteme were significantly(r=0.21 - 0.23, p<0.05) correlated. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 728~734, 1997)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.452-461
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• 2012

There is increasing evidence that dietary factors in plant-based diets are important for the prevention of chronic disease. Especially, phytonutrients in fruits and vegetables have been recognized as major contributors for the decreased level of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of switching the dietary habit to high consumption of fruits and vegetables were evaluated on the parameters of serum antioxidant status in healthy high school students. Forty one students participated in a randomized controlled trial and were assigned to the control group (n = 18) or the intervention group (n = 23). The intervention group was provided for 8 weeks with the main food source being whole grain and vegetables. Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters and dietary intakes were measured, and compared before and after study. After 8 weeks, weight and BMI were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.000). The serum diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test resulted in a significantly decreased level only in the intervention group (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks, but serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP) was increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). Intake of energy, total fat, cholesterol and sodium in the intervention group were significantly decreased after 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Also, the intervention group had significantly increased vitamin and phytonutrient intakes of all-trans-${\beta}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and total phenols (p < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study suggest that whole grain, fruits, and vegetables supplementation showed improvement of the adolescent health.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2019

본 연구는 원심분리형, 외기어 방식 그리고 쌍기어 방식과 같은 착즙 방법에 따른 당근 주스의 품질 특성을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 신선한 주스의 품질은 착즙률, 영양성분 및 층 분리 안정성을 통해 평가되었다. 쌍기어 착즙 방식은 가장 높은 착즙률을 보였다. 게다가 당근 주스의 미네랄 함량은 쌍기어 착즙방식으로 제조된 당근 주스에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 특히 유일하게 쌍기어 방식의 착즙이 100 g의 당근으로부터 1일 권장 섭취량 이상의 ${\beta}$-carotene이 얻어졌다. 더욱이 당근 주스의 입자 크기가 가장 작게 나타난 것은 쌍기어 방식의 착즙이었고 다음으로 외기어 방식과 원심분리형으로 나타났다. 따라서 쌍기어 방식의 착즙을 최적의 방법으로 선정하고, 이를 이용해 당근 주스의 항산화 활성 및 대사 활성 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과 당근 주스는 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 보다 더 높은 지질과산화 저해율을 보였으며, 위장과 소장 소화를 거치면서 angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) 저해 활성이 증가되었다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.266-278
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• 2008

Erythrina stricta, a deciduous tree widely used traditionally in indigenous system of medicine for various ailments such as rheumatism, fever, leprosy, epilepsy etc. The leaves of Erythrina stricta was extracted with ethanol (70%) and used for the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant assays which includes H - donor activity, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing ability, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity by thiocyanate and phosphomolybdenum method, metal chelating, $\beta$-carotene bleaching, total peroxy radical assays. The pro-oxidant activity was measured using bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Ex vivo models like lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte haemolysis were also used to study the antioxidant property of the extract. The various antioxidant activities were compared with suitable standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, $\alpha$-tocopherol, curcumin, quercetin and Trolox. The generation of free radicals viz. $O_2^{{\cdot}-}$, $OH^{\cdot}$, $H_2O_2$, $NO^{\cdot}$ and peroxyl radicals were effectively scavenged by the ethanolic extract of Erythrina stricta. In all the methods, the extract offered strong antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in Erythrina stricta were determined as microgram (g) pyrocatechol, quercetin and $\alpha$-tocopherol equivalent/mg respectively. The extract did not exhibit any prooxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicates that Erythrina stricta scavenges free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation, ameliorating the damage imposed by oxidative stress in different disease conditions and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional characteristics of horsemeat and bone meal in comparison with those of beef and pork presented by Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. Longissimus muscle and large metacarpal bone samples were collected from 20 fattened Jeju horses. Muscle samples were subjected to proximate analysis, assays for fatty acid profile and minerals, and bone samples to mineral assays. Horsemeal had similar levels of protein (21.1 vs 21.0 or 21.1%) and lower levels of fat (6.0 vs 14.1 or 16.1%) compared with beef or pork, respectively. Horsemeat had much higher levels of palmitoleic (8.2 vs 4.4 or 3.3%) and $\alpha-linolenic$ (1.4 vs 0.1 or 0.6%) acids than beef or pork, respectively. Linoleic acid was much higher in horsemeat (11.1%) and pork (10.1%) than in beef (1.6%). PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios in horsemeat were 0.29 and 10.2, respectively. There were no big differences in mineral contents between horsemeat, beef and pork. For daily recommended mineral intakes of male adults (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper can be provided up to 24, 2.5, 6.7, 21, 26 and 40%, respectively, by 100 g raw horsemeat, but calcium and manganese levels are negligible. Horse cannon bone had much higher mineral contents especially in calcium (10,193 mg/100 g), phosphorus (5,874 mg/100 g) and copper (0.79 mg/100 g). Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and retinol contents were 0.20, 0.21, 1.65 mg/100 g and $30{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. But ascorbic acid and beta-carotene were not detected. Our data demonstrated that higher levels of palmitoleic and $\alpha-linolenic$ acid in horsemeat than in beef and pork may be beneficial for human health. Horsemeat and bone meal are a good source of some minerals and vitamins.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.628-637
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• 2010

To determine vitamin A and E intakes and their food sources, dietary intakes were collected by three consecutive 24-hour recalls from 192 adults living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The mean vitamin A, retinol and ${\beta}$-carotene intakes were $1240.1{\pm}1101.1\;{\mu}g$ retinol equivalent/day ($693.3{\pm}563.2\;{\mu}g$ retinol activity equivalent/day), $182.6{\pm}149.5\;{\mu}g$/day and $5443.3{\pm}6365.5\;{\mu}g$/day, respectively. Only 9.4% of the subjects consumed less than the Korean Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A. The mean vitamin E intake was $6.03{\pm}2.54\;mg$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol equivalent/day. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol intakes were $4.83{\pm}2.03$ and $5.57{\pm}3.41\;mg$/day, respectively. Most of the subjects (93.8%) consumed less than the Korean Adequate Intake for vitamin E. The major food sources of vitamin A were sweet potato, carrot, red pepper powder, spinach, and citrus fruit, and the top 30 foods provided 91.5% of total Plant foods provided 81.0% and animalderived foods 10.5% of the vitamin A intake from the top 30 foods. The major food sources of vitamin E were soybean oil, red pepper powder, Ramyeon (cup noodles), spinach, and egg. The top 30 foods provided 78.0% of total vitamin E intake. Plant foods provided 61.3% and animal-derived foods 15.9% of the vitamin E intake from the top 30 foods. In conclusion, the vitamin A intake of the Korean adults in this study was ge-nerally adequate, but the vitamin E intake of many subjects was inadequate. Therefore, nutritional education may be of benefit to Korean adults to increase their vitamin E intake.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2010

Lycii fructus is the fruit of Lycium chinense Miller and is part of the Solanaceae family. Lycii fructus produces various effects such as hypotensive, hypoglycemic, anti-pyretic, and anti-stress activities. Lycii fructus is known to contain betaine, carotene, nicotinic acid, zeaxanthin, and cerebroside. In the present study, the effects of Lycii fructus aqueous extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine raw 264.7 macrophage cells were investigated. In this study we utilized the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and nitric oxide (NO) detection. Lycii fructus aqueous extract suppressed NO production by inhibiting the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) mRNA and iNOS protein in murine raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Also, Lycii fructus aqueous extract suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) in the nucleus. These results demonstrated that Lycii fructus aqueous extract causes an anti-inflammatory effect that was likely produced by the suppression of iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NF-$\hat{e}B$ binding activity.